雅思写作—逻辑连接词、句式结构、词组与句子搭配.doc

PART 1 逻辑连接词1.1 让步1. Although（更书面）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子注：不能与but连用。Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+everNo matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句Whoever（ no matter who）comes will be welcome.3. , as long asYou can do what you want, as long as you like.4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。，表“纵使”Object as/though you may, Ill go。Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.5. Whetheror 正反两方面，。表“不论。与否”Whether you believe it or not, its true.Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步。Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another.7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of 尽管. （不能加句子）Despite the fact that + 句子（太累赘）Despite myself, 情不自禁地Her words were so satirical（讽刺的）that I lost my temper in spite of myself。8. Notwithstanding +sth尽管But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge.9. Albeit 虽然即使You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication.1.2 原因SinceAsBecauseFor+句子As a result of sth. =As a consequence of sth由于sth, sth是原因。Because ofOwing to sth 介词Thanks to.后面原因一般是积极性的By virtue of sthOn account ofBe due toOwe to sth 动词Account for=result in 表示导致Systematic economic forces account for the disastrous loses.Attributeto把。归因于。He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.Sth would explain why For this reason，.For one reason or another, 由于某种原因（不具体指明）His travel articles are always, for one reason or another, fascinating.For one thing, 在众多原因中指出其中一个A lot of people dont take the time to read contracts. For one thing, theyre often in very tiny print.On this/that account， 由于这个、那个原因She was divorced, and on that account alone my mother disliked her.The reason why+结果/ that+原因 Greed is the reason why they do not deserve the money.1.3 结果Accordingly=Consequently原因+Result in+结果This outcome will result in children starting bullying younger ones.ThusHenceSoThereforeExcessive greed is therefore a vice that a good society should discourage if it can.As suchAs a result 最终，因此，结果As a consequence/In consequence,.1.4 目的SoSo thatShould law be neutral towards competing conceptions of virtue, so that people can be free to choose for themselves the best way to live?In order thatRegular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained.To do sth,To answer it, we have to explore the meaning of justice.In order to do sthIn order to determine who deserves what, we have to determine what virtues are worthy of honor and reward.For the sake of sth=For sths sake 为了sth的目的I hope youre not doing this just for the sake of the money.For claritys sake, Id like to reword my statement.1.5 转折However,Yet 轻微转折And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.WhereasConverselyNeverthelessOtherwise, 否则On the contraryInstead,表示对上述方式的完全反转Instead, a just society respects each peoples freedom to choose his or her own conception of thegood life.ContrarilyInverselyContrariwiseOppositelyInstead of sthAs opposed to 表示与前述对象的反转对比The cost of these planes is 3 million, as opposed to the 2 million charged by their competitors.While 引导从句，表明前后情况不同，做个对比Rather than. 并不是、而不、并没有, 前后对等Be honest rather than clever.诚实胜于机巧。This policy might lead them to stay in harms way rather than flee to safety.Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.1.6对比While 既可以对比相反的东西，也可以对比稍有不同的Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom. On the other hand,By/In comparison/contrast 对比之下Their lives were exciting and glamorous; ours seemed dull by comparison.The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state shoulddiscourage.Alternatively,提供另一种思路或方法建议In/By comparison with sth介词This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of imprisonment in comparison with job training.By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.Compared with/to1.7 类比Just as/likeSimilarly,Likewise,Identically,Equivalently,As asThey have sacrificed as surely, and as honorably, as those who have lost a limb.The same asTourists find this park just the same as the one they visited previously.In the same way/manner1.8 递进FurtherFurthermoreBesidesMoreoverIn addition to sthIn addition to outlining the causes of this problem, this essay will also propose solutions.In additionWhats moreApart from B其有两个意思，既可以：除了B（包括B），也表示：除了B（不包括B）Additionally1.9 举例The likes of 就像Such as LikeTheir purchases of necessities like safe lodging are forced.Including, 包括e.g. 直接加sth,中间没有逗号is a case in point. 正在点儿上，指例子可以很好地阐述这个观点Here is a case where指出例子Here is a case where the economy as a whole seemed to outweigh considerations of fairness.Take . as an example 以。为例In some instances. 在某些情况中For instances,For example,1.10 假设IfIf its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.Given/provided/providing+名词/that 从句， 考虑到、假如You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.Its a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providing you do it well.Only if,唯有，唯一的条件是The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released.On condition that，以。为前提，只有1.11 解释，转述In other words,Prosperity matters, in other words, because it contributes to our welfare.That is, that is to say,i.e.NamelySome groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.Mean that 1.12 并列AndA as well as B, 强调as前得名词或者形容词A, 不仅B，而且AWe must learn to look at problems all-sidedly,seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side of things. 强调要看到reverse即反面no less A than B，同上强调前面A，不仅B，而且Anot only A, but also B, 不同上，强调后面B，不仅A，而且BHe is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesman than a scholar=He is not only a scholar but also a statesman.and.A.as well. 则强调A1.13 说明观点1.13.1 认为Argue that.有“争论到”之意，用于对陈述相反观点Some economists argued that the law was misconceived.Believe thatSome believed that the exchange of goods should be governed by a just price.Acknowledge that.承认，一般表示某人承认，之后会转折I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage of high efficiency.Maintain thatDefenders of this law maintain that, under certain conditions, the free market is not truly free.Hold thatMany people hold that government should be neutral on matters of virtue and vice.Insist thatThose who insist that only bleeding wounds should be count believe that Claim that声称The veterans group claimed that doing so would “debase” the honor.Point outAs he points out, buyers under duress have no freedom.Consider(to be).认为。如何Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to be murder.Whereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admission on their merits.Be of the opinion that I am of the opinion that car ownership should be discouraged.From a personal point of view,.From a personal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.Sbs point is that某人的意思是Platos point is that to grasp the meaning of justice and the nature of the good life, we must rise above from the prejudices and routines of everyday life.1.13.2 支持SupportFavor sth/doing sthThe captain favors including mental injuries.Defend sth捍卫，支持Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as a way of righting past wrongs.Advocates/defenders/proponents 反对者、支持者Conviction，坚信My firm conviction is that punishment does not has much of a role to play in this.1.13.3 反对Argue against. 反对Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.Reject反对某种观点/行为Jim rejected the notion that these “unconscionable” prices reflected a truly free exchange.A civilized country should reject the torture of terror suspects. The argument for or against sth. 对某话题的支持/反对观点We should also consider one further argument for this law.Oppose sth/sb/doingA veterans group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.DisagreeCitizens of pluralist societies disagree about such things?Disagree withTherefore I have to disagree almost entirely with the given statement.Opponents 反对者，是名词Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.It is true thatbut用于承认一方后，强调另一方1.13.4 表示优点缺点advantages and disadvantagesIts advantages overweight its disadvantages. pros and cons strengths and weaknessesmerits and demeritsbenefits and problemsEven if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, this benefit has to be weighed against the burden such prices impose on those least to afford them.On the plus/positive/negative sideOn the downsidesth do more good than harmA Outweigh B，A超出B，更重要，用以连接上述的优缺点词汇The possible benefits outweigh the risks involved.1.13.5 做结论Conclude that.So we can conclude that .In brief/in summary/conclusionTo summarize1.13.6 根据According to/Based onAccording to the textbook context, this question divides ancient and modern political thought.1.13.7 引出话题It is said that据说It seems that The focus of is on sth.The focus of this essay is on the causes of and solutions to this problem.In terms of/ regarding/concerning/ when it comes to sth/as for/for/with regard to/with respect to关于、至于，talking about/speaking of比较口语化PART 2 重要句式结构原则：主谓宾是骨头，逻辑连接词是骨头间的韧带，其他修饰词则是肌肉。名词从句=名词What I am proficient in is ancient Chinese literature.Thats where he met me.Those Those+adj/ving/ved/to v/介词，代表一类人或物All those eligible will receive a cash handout.The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money.Only 18 percent of those surveyed opposed the idea.Im going to sort these old books into those to be kept and those to be thrown away.Have some consideration for those without a job.Those+从句who(人)/which（物）/whose（表归属）/in which（表位置），Those相当于一个名词Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily.This disease is more likely to strike those whose immune systems are already below par.The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed to be those in which he found his true voice.He who can be a best servant can be a best leader.在句子中，任何名词随时都可以用 ved/ving/介词/形容词来修饰，可以使得单句也有复杂结构，却比定语从句简单疑问词+to+vI am considering how to manage this assignment But who is to judge what is virtue and what is vice?动词分词做定语（ving, ved）,可以替代定语从句His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.句子，especially+名词或者从句. 这样可以对句子进行更加精确的描述。Members of a competitive team can always keep them motivated, especially when confronted with tough situation and fierce competition., if any. (表示如果有的话)State your hypothesis or theory, if any.What, if anything, should the law do about it？Rather, 单独出现表示“更准确的说”Rather, parents should employ a variety of methods to discipline their children.用插入语. 补充信息，增强节奏感：两种形式：逗号或者横线隔开But in a market society, the economists observed, prices are set by demand and supply. They are no more “special” or “fair” than other prices that market conditionsincludingthose promoted by a hurricanemay bring about. 补充信息。Higher prices have the advantages, economists argued, of limiting the use of such things by consumers. 转述说的话时，“某某说”可以做插入语。Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law on similar grounds. 对身份的补充。Many people, including those who support this law, find the virtue argument discomfiting. 包含的对象的具体说明。All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall, a reflection of objects they can never apprehend. 同位语，用以解释或者补充前面的名词To do sth 作主语To punish a very young child is both wrong and foolish.By doing sth, 表示做事的方式途径By providing incentives for suppliers to produce more of the needed goods, it do more good than harm.副词开头，句子。节奏感强Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.Doing/To do A is not doing/to do B. 做A并不是做B. 表示从反面对A的补充To acknowledge the moral forces of virtue argument is not to insist it must always prevail over competing considerations. 特殊的定语从句，介词+which定语从句与介词的妙用，这需要动词与介词本身就是固定搭配It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities of characters, on which a good society depends.Cannot without没有。就不能。Aristotle maintains that we cannot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of the most desirable way of life.主语倒装句At the heart of the disagreement are rival conceptions of moral character.Underlying the phenomenon was a profound reason.Sth is not (that)but (that),成分要一致，是。而不是。The publics objection to the bonuses is not that they reward greed but that they reward failure.The answer is that moral reflection is not a solitary pursuit but a public endeavor.构词形式：A-被动： 被A。的A market-driven societyA knowledge-based economy副词+形容词 Financially better-off Do 用于动词前表示强调He did want them to take responsibility for their failure.反问，表示强烈语气Couldnt it be argued that难道不能认为。，How can it be。 怎么可能。What would sth be if如果sth 会怎样？With+ved/ving/to do/sth, 动词分词前置或者后置：ved, 句子，vingAwarded the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known by public, making her the most influential figure of this year.Confronted with this situation, we.Socrates suggests that, having glimpsed the sun, only the philosopher is fit to rule the cave dwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes into the darkness where they live.用虚拟语气（动词用过去式），表示未发生或者假想发生的事儿Let us not forget either that咱们也不要忘记。Let us forget either that traditional products, whether these be medicines or food, provide employment for local people. PART 3 词组与句子搭配Include but not limited in sthWe welcome potential candidates including but not limited those who have affluent experience in education.Both.and .(两者都)Now women work both before and after having their child