八年级英语-上册时态总复习-word.doc

八年级上册英语时态精讲精练现在进行时一基本用法 表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment等时间状语连用，有时，句首有look ，listen等词提示。例如：What are you doing now? I am cleaning the window. Look! The students are having an English lesson. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, these days等时间状语连用。例如：1. He is now living in Australia. 目前他正住在澳大利亚。（暂时）。比较： 2.He lives in Australia. 他定居在澳大利亚。3.I am working in a computer company right now. How are you getting along these days? 这些天来你好吗？ 有时，现在进行时可以表示按计划安排将要发生的动作，特别是使用表示位置转移的动词时，如go, come, leave, start, arrive等。例如：We are going to Rome next week. 下周我们准备去罗马。When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？二动词的现在分词的构成：其动词结构为：be + doing（动词的现在分词）1 一般情况动词后加ing ,以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing。 write- play- eat- see- 2 以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后的辅音字母再加ing 这样的词往往看最后三个字母，常常是“辅音元音辅音” open就不行,它的重音不在pen上 sit- get- begin- stop- shop- swim- run- 三.句子结构肯定结构：主语am/is/aredoing（动词的现在分词） He is watching TV.否定形式： 主语am/is/are+ not + doing. He is not watching TV.一般疑问句：Be（am/is/are）主语doing（动词的现在分词）?Is he watching TV? Are they singing now?特殊疑问句：疑问词一般疑问结构？ What is he doing? 现在进行时专项练习一.用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1.Myparents_ _(watch)TVnow. 2 .Look.Threeboys_ _(run).3.What_yourmother_(do)now? 4._yourdog_now?(sleep)5._you_(listen)tomusic?Yes,Iam.6.Look,MissChen_ _football.(play)7.Tomandhissister_ _(wait)foryouoverthere. 8.NowClass3andClass4_ _(have)atest.9.Listen,someone_ _(sing)intheclassroom.10.WhereisZhangYan?She_ _(talk)withherteacherintheteachersoffice.二.选择填空： ( )1.Who_overtherenow? A.singingB.aresingC.issinging( )2.Itsnineten.Thestudents_amusicclass. A.haveB.havingC.arehaving( )3.Listen!Theboy_.A.cryingB.iscryingC.cries( )4.Donttalkhere.Grandparents_. A.sleepB.issleepingC.aresleeping( )5.Istheman_teaormilk?A. drinksB.drinkC.drinkingB.三.按要求进行句型转换：1.Lilyisdancing.(改为一般疑问句)_2.Kateislookingforherwatch.(改为否定句)_3.Mrs.WhiteiswatchingTV.(对划线部分提问)_4.Iamdoinghomework.(改为否定句)_四.根据中文提示完成句子：1.他没在写作业，她在画画。He_ _ _homework.He_ _ pictures.2.今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。MissLi_ _areddresstoday.3.你爷爷在看报纸吗？_yourgrandpa_ thenewspaper?4.Tom和Jim在做什么？_TomandJim_?5.他们是在打篮球还是在打排球？_they_basketball_volleyball?一般现在时一 用法1.表示现在的状态 He is twelve. They are at home.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作 I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.3.表示主语具备的性格和能力等 She likes apples. They speak Japanese. She is medium build.二 句子结构1、 be动词：主语+be（am/is/are）+其它。如：Iamagirl.Sheismysister.2、行为动词：主语+v.+其它。如：WestudyEnglish.当主语为第三人称单数（he、she、it），动词用第三人称单数，即动词后加“s”或“es”。如：Shelikesapples.2、 情态动词：主语+must/can/maybe/may/should+v.如：Shecandance.Weshouldstudyhard.注意：情态动词无人称数的变换，后面的动词只能用原型。三、 一般现在时的变化1、be动词的变化：（1）否定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+not+其它。如：HeisaworkerHeisnotaworker（2）一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：IamastudentAreyouastudent？yes，Iam/No，Iamnot（3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词有：what/when/where/who/whose/how/which如：Whereismybike？2、行为动词的变化：（1）否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+v.+其它。如：IlikebreadIdontlikebread.ShegoestotheparkShedoesntgotothepark.（2）一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+v.+其它。如：He often plays basketball Does he often play basketball？Yes，he does/No，he doesnt （3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：How does he go to school？ 另外，第三人称单数有以下情况： 1、 人称代词he、she、it。 2、 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语：uncle Wang，the Professor 3、 单数可数名词或“this、that、the+单数可数名词”作主语。 如：A horse、this book、that car、the monkey 4、 不定代词someone、somebody、nobody、everything、something等及指示代词this、that作主语。 如：Everyone is here. Someone is sleeping. 5、 不可数名词作主语。 如：The milk is in the glass. The bread is so small. 6、 数字或字母作主语。 如：“6”is a lucky number. I is a letter. 四、 三人称变换规则 1、 直接+“s”，清辅音后发因为/s/，浊辅音后面发音为/z/。 如：stop-stops，make-makes，read-reads，play-plays 2、 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，变“y”为“i”，+“es”，发音为/iz/。 如：fly-flies，study-studies，carry-carries，worry-worries 3、 以“s、x、ch、sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为/iz/。 如：teach-teaches，watch-watches，box-boxes，wash-washes，bus-buses4、 以“o”结尾的，加“es”发音为/z/。 如：go-goes，do-does， 特例：在以下“negro，hero，potato，tomato”单词后，+“es”，读作/z/，巧记：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。 5、特殊的 have - has 注意：在否定和疑问式中，do和does都没有意义，不用译出。它们只是为了使句子完整，叫做助动词。五、 其他特征：A.一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。（注意频度副词的位置：频率副词在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中、句末.频度副词一般放在系动词(be),情态动词,助动词(do,does)之后,实义动词之前.）1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five. B.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.They dont have classes on Sundays.一般现在时专项练习选择填空( ) 1.How often _ she exercise? Twice a week.A. do B. does C. doingD. did( ) 2. I _ like to drink milk.A. not B. doesntC. dont D. no( ) 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study better.A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( ) 4. Is her lifestyle the same _ yours or different?A. as B. in C. at D. to( ) 5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a bookB. a rulerC. an egg D. a sofa( ) 6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoe C. table D. bike( ) 7. Tennis _ my favorite sport.A. are B. is C. am D. be( ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets.A. have B. play C. plays D. has( ) 9. “Lets play computer games.” That _ interesting.”A. looks B. sounds C. listens D. reads( )10. My father likes football. But he _ it. He only _ football matches on TV! A. plays, watches B. play, watchC. doesnt play, watches D. plays, doesnt watch一般过去时意义：表示过去某个时间或某阶段已经发生或完成的动作或状态，和现在无关。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.如：He went to Wuhan last week. They were in Beijing yesterday.(was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于第一、三人称复数和第二人称单、复数。You were /we were /they were )句子的基本结构为：主语动词的过去式其他否定结构： 主语didnt动词原形其他was/were+not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词例句：I didnt know you like coffee.一般疑问句： Did 主语动词原形其他 Was/Were+主语+表语?特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？疑问词+was/were+主语+表语？动词过去式的构成：A. 规则的变化：一般在词尾加ed, 不发音的e后加d playplayed offeroffered在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：likeliked, provideprovided以辅音字母y结尾的词变y为i加ed flyflied, study studied重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：planplanned, referreferredB. 不规则动词的过去式一般是把动词原形加以变化，这需要各个击破，寻找其中的小规律。句式变化技巧一变：肯定句变为否定句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如：I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket.【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如：I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Internet when you called me.【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didnt，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese songs.二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was，were,could，would，should等移到句首。例如：He could pack his things himself. Could he pack his things himself?【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如：Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old?三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：They gave the concert last night. When did they give the concert?【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+.? 例如：The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 改写句子：1、 Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 2、 He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3、 There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup? 4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） _ _ _ out for a walk? 6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas_ _RMB 10 on this book. 7. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week? 8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句。）_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句） Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问） _ _ he _ _?