综合标准施工组织设计外文翻译.docx

XXXXXXXXX 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译学生姓名： 院 （系）： 专业班级： 指导老师： 完成日期： 施工组织设计关键性摘要：建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案优劣不仅直接影响工程质量，对工期及施工过程中人员安全也相关键影响。施工组织是项目建设和指导工程施工关键技术经济文件。能调整施工中人员、机器、原料、环境、工艺、设备、土建、安装、管理、生产等矛盾,要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制,才能科学合理确保工程项目高质量、低成本、少耗能完成。关键词：项目管理施工组织方案关键性施工组织设计就是对工程建设项目整个施工过程构思设想和具体安排，是施工组织管理工作关键和灵魂。其目标是使工程速度快、质量好、效益高。使整个工程在施工中取得相正确最优效果。1.编制施工组织设计关键性原因建筑工程及其施工含有固定性和流动性、多样性和单件性、形体庞大和施工周期长这三对特点。所以，每一建筑工程施工全部必需进行施工组织设计。这是因为：其它通常工业产品生产全部有着自己固定、长久适用工厂。而建筑施工含有流动性特点，不可能建立这么工厂，只能是当每一个建筑工程施工时，建立一个对应、临时性，如同工厂作用性质施工现场准备，即工地。施工单件性特点和施工流动性特点，决定了每一建筑工程施工全部要选择对应机具和劳动力组织。选择施工方法、确定施工技术方案及其劳动力组织和机具配置，统称为施工作业能力配置。施工周期特点，决定了多种劳动力、机具和众多材料物资技术供给时间也比较长，这就产生了和施工总进度计划相适应物资技术施工组织设计内容。由此可见，施工组织设计在项目管理中是相当关键。2.施工组织设计方案关键性建筑产品作为一个商品，在项目管理中工程质量在整个施工过程中起着极其关键作用。工程建设项目标施工组织设计和其工程造价有着亲密关系。施工组织设计基础内容有：工程概况和施工条件分析、施工方案、施工工艺、施工进度计划、施工总平面图。还有经济分析和施工准备工作计划。其中,施工方案及施工工艺确实定更为关键,如:施工机械选择、水平运输方法选择、土方施工方法及主体结构施工方法和施工工艺选择等等,均直接影响着工程预算价格改变。在确保工程质量和满足业主使用要求及工期要求前提下,优化施工方案及施工工艺是控制投资和降低工程项目造价关键方法和手段。2.1施工组织方案在很大程度上影响着工程质量，所以合理施工组织方案不仅是确保工程顺利完成基础，也是工程安全依据。施工组织设计是建筑工程设计文件关键组成部分，是编制工程投资概预算关键依据和编制招投标文件关键参考依据。所以，认真做好施工组织设计，对于正确确定工程造价、降低工程投资，从而有利控制工程造价将有十分关键作用。2.2施工组织方案是对施工活动实施科学管理关键手段，它含有战略布署和战术安排双重作用。它表现了实现基础建设计划和设计要求，提供了各阶段施工准备工作内容，协调施工过程中各施工工区，各施工工种，各项自愿之间相互关系。施工组织方案必需能够依据工程产品特点和要求，依据现有和可能争取到施工条件，从实际出发，决定多种生产要素基础结合方法，不切实处理问题，就不可能进行任何生产。3.施工组织设计指标计算和分析现在施工组织设计应建立哪些指标还不统一，计算方法也不规范。因为它是评价施工组织设计整体效果和评价实施情况尺度，也是对承建工程施工单位(项目部)生产经营管理水平和效果进行考评依据。应予重视，提出以下意见。3.1指标体系。指标体系设置要尽可能反应施工组织设计目标达成水平，为评价、考评、实施提供方便。3.2指标计算。(1)施工准备期。从现场准备开始到正式工程开工全部时间。(2)单位工程工期。由单位工程施工进度计划安排施工期。(3)劳动力不均衡系数。施工期高峰人数和平均人数之比。(4)降低成本额。技术组织方法降低成本价格结果。(5)降低成本率。降低成本额占承包成本百分比。(6)施工机械化程度。机械施工完成产值和工程承包造价之比。(7)工厂化施工程度。预制厂(采砂场、采石场)完成产值和工程承包造价之比。(8)临时工程投资百分比。全部临时工程投资和工程承包造价之比。(9)临时工程费用百分比。全部临时工程消花费用减回收费和工程承包造价之比。3.3指标分析。施工组织设计指标和同类工程历史实际水平相比，能够评价施工组织设计效果；不一样施工组织设计方案指标对比，能够优选方案；分析以往历次同类工程各项指标加权数值，能够作为以后再次投标参考依据。4.施工组织设计管理伴随社会主义市场经济建立,建筑市场竞争日趋猛烈,客观形势对施工企业要求越来越高。不仅在技术装备、人员素质、施工组织者方面提出较高要求，而且工程经济管理工作中相关工程预结算也面临新挑战。严谨建筑市场形势下，有些施工企业没有主动采取应对方法,对职员专业技术没有更新、培训。科学技术管理水平相当落后。加上对编制审核施工组织设计没有引发足够重视。所以就会出现以下多个常见情况：4.1开工前没有编制审核施工组织设计：不搞施工平面部署图,材料乱堆乱放。土方运出运进、机械设备、劳动力需求无计划、工程质量、安全施工无确保方法。造成窝工浪费现象严重,管理水平较低。4.2是否是专业人员编制施工组织设计：为应付上级部门及监理单位、甲方检验而给施工员或资料员代编施工组织设计。因为资料根本对现在施工管理不了解而又是领导最近安排，不得不胡乱编造，应付了事。4.3施工组织设计编制水平低：有施工单位，不明白施工组织在施工过程中关键性，写一写各分项施工工艺、画张平面部署图、工程进度计划表,便认为是施工组织设计了。4.4要技术弃经济：相当多施工企业单位在编制施工组织设计时。只重视施工组织当中各分项工程技术方法。没有考虑分项工程经济指标方面内容,造成工程完工结算时纠纷不停,蒙受经济损失。所以，要对施工组织设计进行管理：(1)实施动态管理工程施工过程中，不可避免地会碰到意想不到多种问题，如设计变更、自然原因等影响，各阶段施工进程改变造成现场方案调整，所以必需依据改变了现场实际进行动态管理，对施工组织设计中不宜部分进行必需修改、补充、优化，以达成既定建设目标。 (2)实施分层管理项目法施工推行，管理层和作业层分离，和固定工人逐步降低情况，势必引出总承包和分包现象，中标单位从过去直接管理、直接技术交底，变为间接管理、间接技术交底，所以应依据施工组织设计进行分层管理，明确总包和分包单位、管理层和作业层技术权限、职责和工作程序。5.结语在项目标施工中，一定要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制，确保项目标施工有序，预防施工组织设计流于形式。施工组织设计是工程质量、安全、进度保障有力方法。在一定资源条件下实现工程技术经济效益，达成施工效益和经济效益双赢目标。6.遵照协议工作除非正当或现实条件不许可，任何情况下，承包商应严格遵照协议实施、完工和修补其任何缺点以满足工程师要求。不管协议中是否提及或接触或包含施工，承包商应严格实施工程师指示。依据协议第2条要求，承包商只能从工程师代表处取得指示。7.提交进度计划承包商应该在中标函签发日以后第二部分说明时间之内，以工程师要求合适格式和具体程度，向工程师递交一份工程进度计划，以取得工程师同意。不管工程师何时需要，承包商还应以书面形式提交一份对其进行工程施工所拟采取安排和方法总说明。8.修改善度不管何时，假如工程师认为，工程实际进度不符合第14.1款中已经同意进度计划时，承包商应依据工程师要求提出一份修订过进度计划，表明为确保工程按期完工而对原进度计划所作修改。9.提交现金流量估算在中标函签发日以后第二部分条款说明时间之内，承包商应按季度向工程师提交承包商依据协议将有权得到全部支付具体现金流通量估算。若工程师提出要求，依据协议要求指定承包商全部支付，承包商还应按季度提供修订现金流通量估算。10.承包商监督只要工程师认为是为正确推行协议要求承包商义务所必需，承包商应在工程施工期间及其后提供一切必需监督。承包商或经工程师同意一位合格并授权代表应用其全部时间对该工程进行监督。上述同意可由工程师随时撤回。该授权代表应代表承包商接收工程师指示，或依据第2条要求 接收工程师代表指示。ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignSummary:Constructionworkintheconstructionprocess,theconstructionorganizationschemewillnotonlydirectlyaffectprojectquality,durationandsafetyalsohasanimportantimpactintheconstructionprocess.Constructionorganizationprojectsandmentoringinconstructionofkeytechnicalandeconomicdocuments.Canregulatetheconstructionpeople,machines,materials,environment,technology,equipment,construction,installation,management,productionandotherconflicts,monitoringandcontroloftheconstructionorganizationdesign,scientificandreasonableassurancethecompletionofprojectofhighquality,lowcost,lowenergyconsumption.Keywords:ProjectmanagementconstructionmanagementprogrammetheimportanceConstructionorganizationdesignistheideaofthewholeconstructionprocessofengineeringconstructionprojectideasandspecificarrangements,organizationandmanagementofconstructionworkistheheartandsoul.Itsaimistoenablehighspeed,highquality,efficiency.Engineeringbestresultswhenworkinginconstructionasawhole.1.BecauseoftheimportanceofpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesignArchitecturalengineeringandconstructionwithafixedandliquidity,diversityandonepiece,formalargeandlongconstructionperiodthethreecharacteristics.Therefore,eachconstructionengineeringconstructionorganizationdesignofconstructionmustbecarriedout.Thisisbecauseothergeneralindustrialproductshavetheirownfixed,longtermapplicationfactories.Buildingconstructionischaracterizedbymobility,impossibletobuildsuchaplant,onlywheneachoftheconstruction,andestablishinganappropriate,provisional,asfactoryconstructionsitepreparation,namely,site.Constructioncharacteristicsandconstructionofsinglepiecesofmobilityfeatures,decidedtoselectappropriateequipmentforeachconstructionandlabororganizations.Constructiontechnologyofconstructionmethodofselecting,developingprogrammesandlabourorganizationsandequipmentconfiguration,collectivelyknownasoperationcapacityconfiguration.Constructioncyclefeaturesdeterminesthelaboursupplyofmanymaterial,equipmentandtechnologyisalongtime,whichraisesthetotalprogressplanofconstructionmaterialthatisappropriatefortheconstructionorganizationdesignoftechnologycontent.Itcanbeseenthatisofconsiderableimportanceinconstructionorganizationdesigninprojectmanagement.2.ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignConstructionproductsasacommodityandengineeringqualityinprojectmanagementplaysavitalroleintheentireconstructionprocess.Constructionorganizationdesignandengineeringcostofconstructionprojectshasacloserelationship.Constructionorganizationdesignofbasiccontent:projectoverviewandanalysisofconstructionconditions,implementationplan,constructiontechnology,constructionprogressplanandgeneralplanofconstruction.Furthereconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationplans.,Schemeandconstructiontechnologyinconstructionofmoreimportant,suchas:levelsofselection,selectionoftransportmethodofconstructionmachinery,earth-movingconstructionmethodandconstructionmethodandconstructiontechnologyofmainstructureofchoiceandsoon,aredirectlyaffectingtheestimatedprojectpricechanges.Inensuringprojectqualityandmeettheownerssubjecttotherequirementsanddurationrequirements,optimizingconstructionschemeandconstructiontechnologyareimportantmeasurestocontrolinvestmentandreduceprojectcostandmeans.2.1Constructionorganizationschemeistoalargeextentaffectprojectquality,reasonableconstructionprogrammeisnotonlytoensurethatthebasisforsuccessfulcompletionoftheconstruction,safetybasis.Constructionorganizationdesignisanimportantpartofconstructiondesigndocuments,isthemainbasisforpreparationoftheprojectinvestmentbudgetandpreparationoftenderdocuments,themainframeofreference.Therefore,goodjobinconstructionorganizationdesign,correctlydetermineprojectcost,reduceengineeringinvestment,thusenablingtocontrolprojectcostwouldhaveaveryimportantrole.2.2Constructionorganizationplanofconstructionactivitiesisanimportantmeansofimplementingscientificmanagement,ithasthedualroleofstrategicdeploymentandtacticalarrangements.Itreflectstherequirementsofimplementingthecapitalmasterplananddesignprovidesallphasesofconstructionpreparation,coordinationofconstructionduringtheconstructionprojecttheconstructiontrade,therelationshipbetweenvoluntary.Constructionorganizationschememustbeaccordingtotheproductscharacteristicsandrequirements,basedonexistingandpossiblesecuringconstructionconditions,realistic,determinehowthebasiccombinationofvariousfactorsofproduction,doesnotsolveproblems,itisimpossibleforanyproduction.3.ConstructiondesigncalculationandanalysisofindicatorsConstructionorganizationdesignshouldbetoestablishwhichindicatorsarenotunified,calculationorspecification.Becauseitistheevaluationofconstructionorganizationdesignoftheoverallassessmentoftheeffectivenessandthestatusofimplementation,aswellasprojectconstructionunits(project)productionandmanagementlevelsandtotesttheeffectivenessofthebasis.Mustbegivento,andmadethefollowingcomments.3.1Indexsystem.Setsasfaraspossiblereflecttheconstructionorganizationdesignofindexsystemofthetargetlevelof,andtofacilitatetheevaluation,examination,implementation.3.2Indexcalculation.(1)constructionpreparationphase.Startingfromsitepreparationtotheofficialprojectforalltime.(2)projectduration.Arrangedbyunitengineeringconstructionprogressplanofconstruction.(3)labourimbalancecoefficientDuringpeakandtheaverageratioofthenumberof.(4)reducethecostamount.Technicalmeasurestoreducethecostofresults.(5)reducethecostrate.Costreductionpercentageoftotalcontractcosts.(6)constructionmechanization.Mechanicalconstructioncompletedproductionandengineeringcontractcostratio.(7)thelevelofindustrialconstruction.Precastfactory(sandexcavation,quarries)completedproductionandengineeringcontractcostratio.(8)theinvestmentproportionoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworksinvestmentandengineeringcontractscostratio.(9)costoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworkscostrecoveryfeesandcontractcostreductionratio.3.3Indicatoranalysis.Constructionorganizationdesignofindicatorsascomparedtosimilarprojectshistoricalactuallevels,canassesstheimpactconstructionorganizationdesign;differentindicatorsofconstructionorganizationdesignincontrasttooptimumprogramme;analysisoftheweightednumericalindicatorofprevioussimilarprojectscouldserveasareferenceforfuturebiddingagain.4.ManagementofconstructionorganizationdesignWiththeestablishmentoftheSocialistmarketeconomy,buildingincreasinglyfiercemarketcompetition,objectiveconditionsontheconstructionenterpriserequirementsgettinghigherandhigher.Notonlyintermsoftechnicalequipment,qualityofpersonnel,organizerofconstructionputforwardhigherrequirements,butalsoinengineeringeconomicsandmanagementworkengineeringbudgetandsettlementalsofacesnewchallenges.Strictconstructionmarketsituation,someconstructioncompaniesdonothaveapositiveresponse,hadnoupdateonstaffexpertiseandtraining.Scienceandtechnologymanagementlevelquitebackward.Andforthepreparationofconstructionorganizationdesignofauditdidnotattractenoughattention.Therefore,therewillbeseveralcommonscenarios:4.1Beforecommencementofconstructionorganizationdesignofauditinghasnotbeenprepared:nottoengageintheconstructionoffloorplans,materialsofrubblelyingaround.Earthworkoutoftransport,machineryandequipment,qualityoflabordemandplanning,engineering,constructionwithoutguaranteesofsecurity.Causedtheseriouswasteofidling,lowerlevelsofmanagement.4.2Istheprofessionalpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesign:tocopewithhigherauthoritiesandsupervisionunits,thecustomershallcheckandconstructionconstructionorganizationdesignforinformationoraddendum.Becausetheinformationsimplydontknowaboutnow,constructionmanagementandleadershiphasrecentlyarranged,hadtomakeupindiscriminatelytodealwith.4.3Lowlevelsofconstructionorganizationdesignpreparation:someconstructionunits,donotunderstandtheimportanceofconstructionorganizationintheconstructionprocess,writeabouttheconstructionprocess,drawafloorplan,projectschedule,isconsideredtobeconstructionorganizationplan.4.4Abandonedtechnologyeconomy:aconsiderablenumberofunitsatthetimeofpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesigninconstructionenterprise.Onlyimportancetotheconstructionoftheprojectoftechnicalmeasures.Contentdoesnottakeintoaccounteconomicindicators,leadingtoprojectscompletionsettlementofdisputescontinue,causingeconomiclosses.Therefore,themanagementofconstructionorganizationdesign:(1)theintroductionofdynamicmanagementConstructionprocess,inevitablywillencounterunexpectedproblems,suchasimpact,naturalfactorssuchasdesignchanges,changefieldprogrammesofeachstageoftheconstructionprocessadjustmentsmustthereforebebasedondynamicmanagementofengineeringfield,notsuitableforconstructionorganizationdesignsectionmustbemodified,supplemented,optimization,toreachtheestablishedgoal.(2)ImplementationofhierarchicalmanagementProjectlawconstructionofintroduced,managementlayerandjoblayerseparation,andfixedworkersgraduallyreducedofsituation,willleadstotalcontractandpointspackageofphenomenon,bidunitsfrompastofdirectlymanagement,anddirectlytechnologylow-down,becomesindirectmanagement,andindirecttechnologylow-down,thereforeshouldaccordingtoconstructionorganizationdesignfortieredmanagement,cleartotalpackageandpointspackageunits,andmanagementlayerandjoblayeroftechnologypermission,anddutiesandworkprogram.5.ClosingremarksIntheconstructionoftheproject,besuretooversightandcontroloftheconstructionorganizationdesigntoensureprojectconstructioninordertopreventconstructionorganizationdesignofformality.Progressoftheconstructionorganizationdesignofprojectquality,security,strongmeasuresofprotection.Inconditionsofconsiderableresourcestoachieveeconomicbenefitoftheprojectandachievethewinwinpurposeconstructionandeconomicbenefit.6.Work to be in Accordance with ContractUnless it is legally or physically impossible, the Contractor shall execute and complete the Works and remedy any defects therein in strict accordance with the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contra