资源描述
of oneself, by oneself 和 for oneself 的用法及区别
1. of oneself (用作副词)意为“自发地，自动地，自然而然地”，例如：
She woke up of herself.
她自己醒来的。
2. by oneself （用作副词）
(1) 独自一人(= alone),例如：
She used to sit by herself and read.
她从前常常独自坐着看书。
(2) 独立地，单独地，自动地，如：
He finished it by himself.
他独立完成那件事。
3. for oneself （用作副词）
(1) 亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于 without being helped，例如：
You should work out the problem for yourself.
你应该独立解决这个问题。
(2) 为了自己，例如：
She kept the biggest piece of pie for herself.
她把最大的一块馅饼给了自己。
练习：
I am sure you can't possibly carry all that _____. Let me help you.
A. for yourself B. of yourself
C. in yourself D. by yourself
[答案]
D
by oneself，for oneself，in oneself，of oneself
这四个词组的意义有所不同。
By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”（ alone or independently）。例：
His father lives by himself in the village．
他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。
All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now．
他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。
For oneself的意义为“为自己”（for himself or for herself）。例：
One should not live only for oneself．
人不应单为自己而活。
In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例：
This wood is hard in itself．
这种木头本要就是硬的。
Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of one's own accord）。例：
Every day I awake of myself at half past five．
每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。
The door opened of itself．
门是自己开的。
The fire went out of itself．
火自己熄灭了。
与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组，即beside oneself和 to oneself，前者义：“失常”、“发狂”；后者是“独自占有或享用”。例：
He was beside himself with joy．
他欣喜若狂。
When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself．
人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。
Oneself和 one's self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词，意指自己；one's self则是代词加名词，意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self；yourself和your self ；himself和his self；ourselves 和our selves ；themselves和their selves一样。例：
She made a cup of tea for herself．
她为自己烧了一杯茶。
She looked just like her old self．
她看上去和从前依然一模一样。
请注意，myself可以在句中表示me的涵义，这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例：
They invited my father and myself（=me）to their party．
他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。
He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street．
在马路上他既没有看见我，也没有看见玛丽。
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