-同位语从句讲解及练习.doc

同位语从句辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。）Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 （即should+动词原形；should可省）There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） 1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3. 其它引导词引导的同位语从句A、连接代词what, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语） 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who作主语） B、连接副词when, where, how, why 引导同位语从句We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。 My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句) 2.被修饰词语的区别A定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。 例如： The boy who is playing football is my classmate Those who work hard will succeed The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that you are talking about is important 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。 由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 Bwhen，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。 例如： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing I have no idea when she will be back 在句中，划线部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词； 在句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。 3.引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。 A引导词that 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。 例如： The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting We heard the news that our team had won 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。 在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 B引导词when，where，why 引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成介词关系代词的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。 例如： I will never forget the day when I joined the army We have no idea when she was born 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式； 在句中，划线部分是同位语从句， when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形式； 在句中，划线部分是同位语从句， where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。 This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent 在句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。同位语从句-相关语法1、同位语从句在句中的位置 1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 2、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 3、同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。 4、同位语从句的先行词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的? 代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。 有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。 You must see to it that the children dont catch cold. (=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope, chance, possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。 练习题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2.Is Mary from New York City I dont know _.A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where 39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41.Do you know _ His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60_he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why