初一英语句子成分分析.doc

句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：
一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语
Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语
The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语
To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语
Lucy is a good student.
The Great Wall is in China.
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词
句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
He studies very hard.
She likes speaking.
I can swim in the river.
We don’t like math.
He doesn’t watch TV.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.
I am a student.
My teacher is very handsome.
Your pen is red.
I feel good.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.
及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语
I want three. 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard. 宾语从句
My father is a math teacher .
Those are some English books.
He does sports every day.
There are some cats under the tree.
The girls like playing volleyball.
He needs a book.
Our pears are green.
He doesn’t think math is hard..
She has some famous arts.
He feels good.