同义词辨析.doc

(完整word)同义词辨析同义词,近义词辨析为便于考生掌握常用的同义诃和同义手段，现将经常遇到的一些同义词和近义词列举如下，1) actual， Genuine， originalreal， practical辨析 actual 指“实际上”、“事实上”存在或发生的事情，或人所共知的客观事实.genuine 指对某件事情的描述与其真实情况“一模一样”，“名副其实、真心的.original 指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情况，见解等“独到而非与别人一样”. Real 指“真实存在的，不是假的或捏造的”。practical指从实践、实用角度讲是实事求是的、可行的、有实际经验的.用例The exercises in this chapter can give you a true guide, but you have to do the actual work yourself。本章的练习可以为你提供一定的指导,但真正的工作还需要你自己来做。 They are convinced the picture is genuine.（他们现在确信那幅画是真品。)Indians were the original settlers of the American continent。印第安人是美洲大陆最早(真正)的开拓者(原住者.）Would you mind telling us whats your real problem？（你能否告诉我们你的问题到底是什么?）Most marriages in America,particularly first marriages involving young couples，are the result of mutual attraction and affection rather than practical considerations. (在美国，大多数婚姻，尤其是年轻夫妇的第一次婚姻，都是出于彼此爱慕、彼此吸引的结果而不是出于现实的考虑。）2) behave, conduct， act 辨析：behave指人的行为、举止和表现，本为不及物动词，但也可与反身代词连用。conduct与behave在作“行为”、“举止,，讲时同义，但conduct强调自我控制、约束，引导。Act 作“行为”、“举止”讲时，为不及物动词，不能和反身代词连用。用例 She behaved with great dignity。（她显得很尊贵。）The way he conducts himself reflects in his sharp tongue and will increase-criticismagainst him。（他的行为方式体现在他的尖刻的嘴巴上，将招致人们更多的批评。)He acted bravely when the house was on fire.（房屋着火时他表现得很勇敢。）3) case，conditions， situation，occasion 辨析case 常指事物的特定情乓、事情真相和始末，如“病例”、“案件等。 condition 指某时某处事情发展、存在的状况、状态, 条件, 也指一个人的“身体状况.situation 往往指一组(或多种因素），情形或状况的综合，常译为“状况，“形势, 处境。occasion 指特定的“时机”。 “场合。用例As was often the case， the trains arrival was delayed（像经常发生的那样，火车又误点了。)I want to go on with my work. under proper conditions,（条件合适的话，我想继续工作。)If you want to improve your situation，you must adopt a positive attitude to your life。（你要想改善你的状况,一定得对生活采取一种积极的态度。）People warmly celebrate such a joyful occasion.(人们热烈庆祝这一欢快的场面。）4） chance，opportunity，advantage，fortune：辨析chance着重指偶然或意外的可能，有时也指“好机会”，这时可用“opportunity”替代。opportunity 着重指“好机会”，带有适逢其时、正好便于行事之意。 有时也指顺理成章的机会.advantage 指有利的条件或优势。fortune 指人“交好运气”，有一定迷信的色彩。用例Now that you have the chance，you had better avail yourself of it。(既然你有T这个机会,就该很好地利用它。）His opportunity for experiments were naturally limited in these months。（他做实验的机会自然要限定在这儿个月的范围内.）I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need。（我打算充分利用这次旅行的机会买些我们需要的东西。）Government ministersare starting to wonder how long their fortune can last.（政府部长们开始琢磨他们的好景能有多长。）5） contest，match，game,play，competition: 辨析contest指人与人之间进行争夺以取得优胜.match指对手之间进行的比赛、竞赛等力量或智慧较量。game指决胜负的游戏、运动或比赛，通常有一套规则。美国称比赛为game,英国称比赛为 match.play是最一般的用语，指通过游戏或运动达到娱乐目的的文体活动。competition指对手之间以某种手段或智慧、力量等压倒对方而取胜。用例Not many girls want to join in the speech contest.（没有多少女生愿意参加这次讲演竞赛。）.Out of question, the club-team will win the match，（毫无疑间,俱乐部队一定能赢这场球。) The man is the keeper of the game.（那人是这场比赛的守门员。）Fischer won after 5 hours and 41 minutes of play.（费舍尔经过5小时41分的拼搏终于赢了那场比赛.）Everyone is very anxious when it is time to announce the winner of the competition。（人人都焦急地等待着宣布谁是竞赛赢家的那一刻的到来。）6） carry out,perform，realize,come true，come into being： 辨析carry out 指把预定的计划、规则等变成现实，执行，履行 其意相当于fulfill.perform 是 do的正规说法，指“执行”、“进行某种任务或计划等。realize 实现， 指把梦想、理想、雄心等变成现实,为及物动词。 come true为不及物用法，指梦想、理想等随时间推进而变成现实.come into being指原来没有的事物现在“开始存在”或“产生出来” “问世用例You should work hard to carry out your plan in time。(你需要努力工作来实现自己的计划。)Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting informationand performing experiments。（搞科学不仅牵涉到收集资料和做实验，而且牵涉到要有想象力和创造性思维。)She realized her intention .of becoming an actress。（她实现了当演员的愿望。）My fondest dreams have at last come true.（我最期望的梦想最终实现了.）The Kingdom of Italy formally came into being on 17 March； 1861。(意大利王国在1861年3月17日正式建立。)7）compose； - cmtipile，create，produce：辨析compose 指把各种材料和构思写成文章、乐曲等。compile 着重指汇集资料而后加工成书籍、词典等。create 着重指从无到有地进行“创造”、“创作”等.produce是最一般用词，指通过一切方法“提出”或“生产”、“制造”出产品或思想成果。用例The music is composed by a famous Austrian singer.(那首曲子是一位著名的奥地利歌唱家创作的.）The book took the historian ten years to compile。(那本书花了那位历史学家整整十年时间才编写完成。）嗯The wealth of society is created妙the labouring people。（社会财富是劳动人民创造的。）The factory produces a lot of tractors.（这个工厂生产大量拖拉机.8） condense，reduce, contract，compress：辨析condense 指通过冷凝、浓缩作用使某物变得更致密而结实，或更稠密。reduce 指使事物的数量、质量减少或变弱、变小，或有所降低。contract 指某物体积或容积收缩变小,与expand反义.compress 指通过压、挤、熨平等方式使物体变小或减少而少占一些空间。用例Water vapor condenses to form the cloud。（水蒸气冷凝形成云.）The boss has been trying to reduce the intensity of labour。(老板一直在努力降低劳动强度。)The rear section of the brain，which controls functions like eating and breathingdoes not contract with age：（控制饮食和呼吸的大脑后部不会随年龄增长而衰退，)All the three books are compressed into the small pamphlet.(那厚厚的三本书压缩成了这本小册子。)9) discover，invent，conceive，devise： 辨析discover 指首次“发现”原来早已存在的事物.invent 指根据某种原理首次“研制、“创造”、“发明”某种新东西。conceive 指构想出某种主意、方案或计划，着重指用脑筋设想、想象.devise 着重指从多种可能性中反复研磨、试验，想出某种计划或设计出新东西。 We have discovered that he is quite careful in his work。 （我们发现他工作十分细致.）Chinas first automatic fourcolour glass- printer was invented by a worker-technician.（中国的第一台自动化四色玻璃印花机是一个技术工人发明的。)Arthur C. Clarke conceived the notion of“The Global Village” 40 years ago。（亚塞。C.克拉克早在40年前就想出了“地球村 的概念。）We devised a scheme to help him。(我们想出T一个帮助他的计划。)10）durable,permanent，perpetual，long-lasting：辨析durable指衣物的经久耐用或友谊、和平或品德等“持久的，耐久的”.permanent指永久不变的,如“永久的”“长期的”住宅、地址或职业等. perpetual指万世不变的或持续不断出现的。longlasting指事物旷日持久、历时已久的性质。 用例Fine bone china is practical, since it is strong and durable。（精美的骨瓷很实用，因为它既结实又耐用.）Can you tell me your permanent address？（你能告诉我你的永久地址吗?）The leaders of the two countries express hope to cherish the longlasting friendshipbetween them.（这两个国家的领导人都表达了珍惜两国之间悠久的友谊的愿望)I hate her perpetual complaints about food- in my restaurant。（我讨厌她没完没了地抱怨我餐厅的饭不好。） 11）extend,stretch，spread，scatter,expand:辨析extend指从内朝外延伸出去。stretch指把某样东西变长，一通常不是加长，而是用拉伸的方法使之变长。spread指使某物摊开、展开或消息等向四面八方转播开，scatter指把某物撒开。expand指使事物从小向大增长、扩展或膨胀。用例Fruit trees extended out over the fences。(果树枝伸出墙外.）Lets go out and stretch our legs。（让我们到外面活动活动吧!)The bad news quickly spread all over the city。（那个不幸的消息很快传遍了全城。）He began by scattering seeds and putting in plants。（他从撒种和育秧开始。)His influence extends beyond the TV viewing audience.（他的影响开始超出电视观众的范围了。）12）illsick，faint，ache：辨析ill作定语，指“不健康”、“坏；英语用ill作表语当“生病”讲，美语中则用sick。sick作“生病”讲，美国更常用;此外，该词常指“恶心、“想呕吐”、“讨厌等意。faint指“头晕、“失神无力。ache指“疼痛、“酸痛”，尤指持续的痛。用例I used to work with the mentally ill。(我从前和精神病患者共事过。)The sick child wants somebody to look after her。（那个病孩子希望有人能照料她.)I felt faint and dizzy when I stood up abruptly from the bed.（当我一下子从床上站起来时，我的头突然犯晕.）The mother felt terribly ache when she knew her son had stolen her money。(当知道自己的儿子偷了她的钱之后,妈妈感到特别难受（痛心)。13）equipmentfacility，appliance instrument 辨析equipment指成套的装备、设备、器具。（该词不用equipments 的形式）facility指服务性的设施或为使主要设备工作方便而造的辅助设备。appliance指用于特定目的的工具,器具或家用器具等。instrument指科研、实验仪器或乐器等。用例Which sport has the most expenses in terms of training equipment,playerspersonalequipment and uniforms?（就训练设备、运动员个人装备和运动装而论，哪一种体育项目最花钱？）The problem lies in。 getting parents to a medical facility as soon as possible.（问题在于要使家长能尽快得到医疗设施。）The manufacturer provides appliance repair service.（家电制造商提供维修服务.）Inasmuch as the measuring instruments were defective，the experiment ended in failure.（由于测量仪器有缺陷，这次实验失败了。）14）imply suggest：辨析imply指暗含某种意思而不明言的“暗示”.suggest指用间接的、旁敲侧击的办法表示出某人的看法。 用例Are you implying that I have something to do with the attacks?(你是暗示说我与那些攻击有联系吗？）Im not suggesting that is what is happening.（我指的是那并不是所发生的事情。）15)verify，prove,confirmassure，reassure：辨析verify强调通过目击者证言或查对数据“证实、“证明”某事物的确切性。prove指通过经验或实验证明事物的确切性或原理（或概念）的可靠性。confirm指通过正式的手续“批准”或“确认”某种选择或看法。assure指通过劝告或说服使人确信事物的正确性。reassure强调通过反复劝说使某人增强或恢复对某种看法的信心。 用例The clerk simply verifies that the payment and invoice amount match.（那个职员一下子就证明了支出与发票数额是相符的。)History will prove him to have been right all along。（历史将证明他一直是正确的。)The result has confirmed his position as the number one tennis player in the country. （结果证明了他在该国网球界首屈一指的地位。）The doctor assured him that his child would recover from the illness.（医生向他保证象放孩子能从痊病中恢复过来.）She just reawnred me that everything would be fine。（她一再要我相信一切都会好的。 16）indulge,spoil，ruin,damage,break：辨析indulge指听任自己或让别人“沉溺”于某种欲望之中。spoil指由于缺乏管教或长者的过分溺爱而“娇惯坏等/使变坏，不可用.ruin指“毁灭”、“毁掉” damage。指“损坏”有价值的东西/破坏,降低某物的价值， 但还可以修复break 指身心受到摧残而失去勇气、信心等。 用例He did not agree with indulging children,（他不赞成娇惯孩子.）That little girl is terribly spoilt.（那个小女孩被惯坏了.）The storm ruined the crops。（暴风雨毁掉了农作物.）The hit of the boy broke the window pane.（那个男孩子的一击打破了窗户的玻璃。）The car was damaged in the accident。（汽车在那次车祸中损坏了。)17）initiatelaunch，startset off：辨析: initiate用在较正式的场合，表示“发起”、“提议”，口语可用begin替代.launch指公开、有一定声势地“发起”或“开始”某项事业或运动。start指事物从静止状况开始运动，或开始某种实际活动等.set off常指“动身、“出发”或“引起”某种突然的行动。 用例The trip was initiated by the manager of the community center：(那次旅行是社区中心经理发起的。）They have already launched slow and modest interstellar（星际间）spacecraft.（他们已经发射了一颗低空小型星际飞船。）The ship started a long voyage。（那艘船已开始了一次远航。)What time are you planning to set off tomorrow（你打算明天几点钟启程？）18) intend,volunteer，offerattempt，try：辨析intend指内心中具有某种尚不明确的意向或决定，即“意欲”、“想要”干什么。（intended to do ）volunteer强调出自个人内心而自觉自愿地行动。 offer指主动地向对方提出建议、给予奉献或帮助等.attempt指尝试采取某种行动以观察是否能够成功,暗指对归浙于动的结果缺乏成功的把握。try指尝试，努力做，试用用例She intends to make teaching her profession。（她打算以教书为职业。）The room was very quiet。 No one volunteered any further information.（这房间十分安静，没有任何人愿意提供任何进一步的信息。）Pile offered him an invitation， which he refused politely。（派尔给他发了一个邀请,但他礼貌地拒绝了.） Don”attempt to get up in your case.（就你的情况而言，别试图起床。） I tried till I was tire己（我试着做，直到累了才停下来。) 19) merge， combine, join， unite 辨析merge指数家公司或商行合并为一家，或使原来的事物在新事物中消失或被吞没。combine指把原来的事物结合起来成为新的统一体.join指把一些东西连一起，或连接在一起.unite与combine相近，尤指把各种力量团结成一个整体。用例Bank of America merged with a rival bank。（美国银行与另一家彼此竞争的银行合并了。）He combined his visit to England with a tour of Scotland。（他把他对英格兰的访问与访问苏格兰结合了起来.）The USA joins Canada along an immense frontier。(美国与加拿大由漫长的边界相连。）The two parties have been trying to unite since the beginning of the year。（这两个党从今年年初以来一直试图联合起来。）20）memorize,remember，remind，reflect 辨析memorize 流指有目的地记忆一些东西的内容.remember指在头脑中保存着某一事物或印象，稍加思索，即可想出。remind指使人回想起某人某事，或提醒某人让他记住某事。reflect指仔细思索记忆中的往事，意为“反省”、“细想” 用例Try hard to memorize these numbers。（努力试一试把这些数字背下来.)In this connection I remember a proverb。（在这方面，我记起T一个谚语。）This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.（这个旅馆使我想起了我们去年住过的一家旅馆。）For business a great reputation reflected in a great brand name can mean treasuretoo。（对于做生意来讲，反映在一个名牌上的好声誉也意味着财富的增多。）21）gather，accumulatecollect,enlarge：辨析gather指把东西集中在一起或把人召集在一起。accumulate指把东西聚集在一起使其成为一堆，即“积累起来”。collect指为了特定的目的把东西经过仔细挑选后收集起来.enlarge 指从形体、尺寸、数量等方面扩大、增长.用例After known facts have bVen gathered，the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination.（收集到各种已知的材料之后,科学家就得投人到需要一定想象力的调查研究中去进行探讨.）Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached.（铅在人体内可能积聚到产生铅中毒的程度。)Could you help me to collect the homework？（你能帮助我收收作业吗?）The room can be enlarged by tearing down the partition wall.（这房间可以把隔墙拆掉使面积扩大一些。） 22） present devote,dedicate，contribute：辨析present指试探性地提出自己的见解等或将物品出示给别人看.devote强调专心致志、毫无二心地将自己奉献于某种事业或他人。dedicate强调热切而又庄重地献身于某一严肃而神圣的事业。contribute指给子有益的但并非至关重要的帮助，即“有助于”、“捐助某一事业等。用例All the data in the disk can be correctly presented in the screen.（磁盘里的所有数据都能够正确地显示在屏幕上）He devoted all his time to his job。(他把他的全部时间都用在工作上了。）The book is dedicated to my mother:（谨将本书献给我的母亲.）The friendship and cooperation of our two countries may greatly contribute to worldpeace and the welfare of our two peoples。（我们两国之间的友谊与合作将能大大促进世界和平事业和两国人民的幸福。）23）retard，postpone,delay，辨析retard指行动迟缓而造成的贻误、延迟或阻碍。postpone指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，意即延期、推迟。delay常指由于某种原因将某事耽搁或延迟。用例Apparently the lack of calcium has retarded the growth of the bones for many children.（很明显，缺钙延迟了很多儿童骨质的发育。）The meeting is postponed until next week。（会议将推迟到下周召开。） I delayed answering you owing to pressure of work。（由于工作太忙，未能及早答复你。） 24） approve, permit， consent， justify 辨析approve指较正式地对某种事情表示认可，赞同或批准。(approve of 同意,认可 approve 批准）permit指允许、不禁止某人干某事.consent指同意某人已经提出的意见或要求对方完成的事情。 justify 设法证明的事情是正当的或无罪的 用例We cant approve of these sorts of thin罗（我们不能对这样的事情表示赞同。）The doctor will not permit mother up until her leg is better。（医生不会允许母亲下床，除非她的腿好一些。）He finally consented to go。（最后,他终于同意离开。)If we can justify any kind of killing in the name of religion ， the door is opened for all kinds of other justifications:（如果我们能证明用宗教的名义进行任何形式的杀戮是有道理的话，什么东西都可以被证明是言之有理的.）25)examination，investigation，inspection 辨析examination为一般用词,可指粗略的察看或对事物的细节进行细致的考察。 investigation指对某一事件、案件进行从头至尾的调查研究。从而得出的结果能证明inspection强调按照确定的标准对事物进行的检验。用例There will be an open-book oxamination in Political Cconomics tomorrow。（明天政治经济学将举行一次开卷考试。)Theyve finished a thorough investigation over the living conditions at the grassroots。(他们就基层百姓的生活状况进行了一次很彻底的调查。）The General has done an inspection in the troops under his command.（那位将军对位指挥的部队进行了一次视察/检阅） 26） warning，remark，notice 辨析warning指及时发出的为避免某种不良后果的警告.remark指对人或事发出的有见解性的评论或观后感。notice指较为正式的官方通告、通报或对不熟悉情况者发出的警告.用例The soldiers opened fire without warning（那些士兵们不预先警告就开了火。）The remark brings to light only part of the cause.(这种看法只说明了一部分原因。As I write, a very interesting case has come to my notice.(如我所言,我注意到了一种很有趣的情况。）27）victory,prize,reward,triumph：辨析victory指战争或比赛中获得的胜利.prize指对比赛中获胜者或因创立某种业绩而颁发的奖、奖赏、奖金等。reward指因某人做了好事而给子的报答、酬谢或赏金。triumph指在战争或竞争中取得的辉煌胜利或由之而产生的胜利感。 用例She said her party won 。a moral victo（她说她的党赢得了道义的胜利.）Madame Curie was a winner of twice Nobel Prize.(居里夫人是两次诺贝尔奖的得主）Sometimes practicalminded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only ofits immediate application for economic rewards.（有时候讲究实际的人们不理解理论科学的意义，只考虑科学的直接经济回报.）We can triumph over illness in our life。(我们能够战胜我们生活中的疾病。）28） special，particularpeculiar,specific 辨析special指与普通的、平常的、一般的东西在某些方面不相像/超出一般的particular指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的。peculiar指奇特的，特殊的，与正常的情况、表现相比而使人感到奇怪。specific指特殊的，特效的;详细而精确的/具体的.用例：You must have special permission to photograph these paintings.（要拍这些绘画，你必须经过专门的许可。）There was nothing in the letter of particular importance。（这封信里没什么特01重要的内容。） This truth comes to us with a peculiar shock:（得知真实情况后我们大吃一惊。）This report has given the most specific and accurate description of the murder.（这份报告对那个凶杀案作出了最为详细和精确的报道.）29）worth，worthy，worthwhile,valuable 辨析worth多作表语用，指对某一用途有特殊价值的或拥有财产的。后面跟 doing 或名词， 不能跟 to do)worthy指有价值的、配得上的、与相符相称的。一般作表语。（后可跟 of 和 to do 结构)worthwhile指值得花时间去研究或付诸实施的/有意义的。可作表语和定语。（可按一般的名词用）valuable指某物具有实用性方面、交换方面或其他方面的价值，意即“有价值的、“贵重的。可作表语和定语。用例Its worth the time and effort we devoted to