so与such用法系统讲解与练习.doc

青岛明天中学 高二英语学案
班级： 姓名： 编写：耿明利 审核：黄敬 日期：2013.9
【learning aims】1、to review the usage of so/such......that
2、to finish the exercise correctly
[lead-in导入]
so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。 So与such是英语中两个常用词。这两个词的用法很多，且易混淆，初学英语者往往搞不清楚，因而使用是经常出错。文本就它的一些用法作一粗浅讨论。讨论主要以分析实例进行。
首先，我们应该弄清so是副词，修饰形容词和副词，在句中充当状语。Such为形容词修饰名词，意为‘如此的，这样的’，在句中作定语，请看下面几个句子。
①   The fish is so long. ② Don’t drive so fast, it’s dangerous.
③   Fred is so good a man. ④  It was such interesting meeting.

Step 1 So与such诊断性练习
1.I know such a clever boy． 2.I know so clever a boy．
2.They are such useful books． 3.He gave us such good food．
4.There are so many flowers in our school garden．
5.You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge．
6.I have so little money that I can't lend you any．
7.I have never seen such little sheep before．8. No such thing has ever happened.
9.  I have never seen such a beautiful place before.10.Last time I saw him he was so fat!
11.He was not so much angry as disappointed.12.However did you make such a mistake?
13. I have never heard of such a thing.14. Why are you in such a hurry?
15. I have never seen such a tall man.16. I have never seen so tall a man.

Step2用法系统归纳 so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同.做题技巧：so紧跟其后的必定是形容词或者副词，而Such所修饰的中心词必定名词或代词。特殊用法特殊记忆，出现数量形容词many，few，much，little（少）修饰名词的情况用so.
一、 so的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an） + n. such的词序为：such +a（an） +adj. + n.
　　它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。
　　so nice a coat =such a nice coat  这么漂亮的一件外套
　　so interesting a book = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书
　补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so.如：
　　such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花 such clever children 如此聪明的孩子
　　但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little（少）修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。如：
　　so many books 这么多书　 so few people 这么少的人
　　so much money 那么多的钱 so little milk 那么少的牛奶
　2. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为：
　　so + adj. （adv.） +that…
　　so + adj. +a（an）+单数n. +that…
　　so +many（few）+复数n. +that…
　　so +much（little）+不可数n. +that…如：
　This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。　
　It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。
　He spoke so fast that we couldn‘t understand him. 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。　There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。
　二：“such…that…”句型结构为：
　　such + a （an）+adj. +单数n. +that…
　　such + adj. +复数n. +that…(这些形容词不包括数量形容词many，few，much，little（少）)
such +adj. +不可数n. +that…

　　She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。
　They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。
It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。

　　补给站：由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如：
I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.)
3. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。如：He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但such没有这种用法）
Step3拓展部分：下面我再就so和such的其它用法作一讨论。先看so的一个用法：替代。
A组: ①I enjoyed the music and so did my wife.
②If my brother is allowed to go out, so should I be.
③You are young, so am I④ I love sport. So do you.
⑤She will learn English, and so shall I, and so will her sister.
A组五个句子，都表示前面的情况也适合后者的情况，但主语不指同一人。
需用下面的结构表达： So+ be/have/do/助动词+主语
B 组 ： ①Tomorrow will be your birthday. You are right, so it will.
②It was cold yesterday. Yes, so it was.
③Father, you promised to buy it for me.④I hoped to win and so I shall. 
B组so所引起的句子，实际上是对前面句意的重复，从语气上更加肯定前句的意思，肯定无疑，信十足。在这种句子中，主语所指相同，那么应用下面结构来表达：
So+主语+be/have/do/助动词
就A、B两组句子，我们不难看出，在这种结构中，so替代的不外乎三种情况：谓语、谓语的一部分或非谓语动词短语。
（2） 再看such作代词的一个用法。在英语学习中，我们会碰到如下的句子：
①  Such were the results.结果就是这样。②   Such is his fate.他的命运就是这样。③   Such are the facts.事实就是这样。 ④  Such is life.生活就是这样。
Step4 So/such跟踪练习
1.She is _____ a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.
2.Table tennis is _____ an interesting game that people all over the world play it.
3.They are _________interesting books that I want to read them once more
4.It was __________bad weather that I had to stay at home.
5.He ran__________ fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.。
6.I am ____ sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.
7.There were __ many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.
8.This is ________an important meeting that you should attend it.（=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.）
9.He ran  __  quickly that I couldn't catch up with him． 
10.The box costs  ______ little that I can afford it． 
 12.__________things often happen in our daily life.13.__________ people are dangerous.
14.Whales are __________smart animals that they communicate with each other.
15. He made ________stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.
16.Did you ever see_________weather?17. You can’t drink__________ hot milk.
18.She made rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.
19. I have met many _________ people in my life.
20. 20.I didn’t expect to meet _______many people there.
21. 21There are few that I can’t give you one.
22.This is the girl I have told you_________ much about.
23.__________much for today 24.All ______possibilities must be considered.
25.One_________dictionary is enough for me.
26. We have had several_________Chinese paintings already.
27.I hope never to meet with another accident.
28、I told jim to come here yesterday and he did ____________.
29.I passed the exam and ________ did tom.
30、__________ was me that a stupid boy when I was young.
【Step5 简单小结与巩固复习 】
so/such ... that ... 如此…以至于(引导结果状 语从句)
最常用的表达：1、so +adj +a/an +n +that =such +a /an +adj +n+that
the boy is so lovely that we all like him.他是如此可爱的一个男孩，以至于我们都喜欢他。
=He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.
练习：（ ）He was ______that he wouldn't lend money to ___________bad person.
A so a clever boy ;such B a so clever boy；a such
C so clever a boy;a such D so clever a boy;such a
区别用法
2、so +adv +that
He ran so fast that I couldn't catch him. fast为adv后面跟副词，只能用_______
3、such +(adj)+u不可数名词
such terrible weather(如此糟糕的天气)such （good） luck（如此好的运气）
出现不可数名词用_______
[思考归纳]
(1)名词前若有many/much/few/little(少)修饰时，则须用 而不能用such。
so many people/so much water/so few friends/so little money
(2)so＋adj./adv.位于句首时，句子要用 。
So clever is the boy that we all like him.如此可爱的一个男孩，以至于我们都喜欢他。
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