外刊经贸知识选读-课-带中文翻译-(3).doc

(完整版)外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (3)
旺旺英语
Lesson 3

Beijing Rising
(Excerpts）

China’s emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan as the West’s main trade worry in Asia
By Frank Gibney Jr。
经过十多年的快速发展,中国作为举足轻重的经济强国的出现，使得中国有可能取代日本，而成为西方在亚洲的主要贸易对手.

If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors。 Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders。 Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics， clothes， aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories。 Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading， one tractor—trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes， carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks. The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang –only 115 kilometers away –takes five hours。

如果有一条通向中国未来的路，那就是穿越上海的204国道。沿着这条国道的两条尘土飞扬的车道，穿梭来往着当地的卡车和公交车，以及台湾与香港投资者中的金融家所驾使的卡迪拉克轿车。流动的工人拥挤在国道的狭窄边缘。沿线林立着许多工厂,生产旅游鞋，玩具，塑料制品,服装，飞机零件和医疗设务。最后,工业让位于稻田，而稻田正被挖掉以建造更多的工厂。吊车在头顶转动，翻斗车和水泥搅拌机缓慢地前行。在嘉定城外,每3分钟就有一辆牵引车离开亚洲最大的集装箱厂，把货物运往上海码头。204国道上的交通是如此繁忙，以至于从上海到张家港的旅程，仅仅115公里,却需要5个小时。

Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu， the fastest—growing province in China。 China has the most dynamic economic in the world today。 Its boom radiates from Guangdong， its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources。 It is creeping inland， from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wuhan， where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories。 And it has penetrated the northeast， where the city of Shenyang， long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business， from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China's state council， or cabinet， are giddy with excitement –and exhaustion。 “We don't have people， we don’t have time，” says one. “Things are moving too fast。”

张家港是江苏省的商业活动中心,江苏是中国发展最快的省。今天，中国经济在世界上最有生机。中国的经济繁荣从中国最富有的广东省辐射开来，蔓延至遥远的新疆，在那里外国投资者们正在寻找石油和其他的天然资源。这种繁荣正渗入内地，从江苏延伸到重庆和武汉市,港台商人正准备在那里投资十几亿美国建工厂。而这种繁荣也扩展到东北,该地区的沈阳是个长期凋敝的国有工业中心,而今随着从贸易公司到卖淫业等新兴企业兴办,也活跃了起来。在北京，中国国务院官员兴奋得眼花缭乱,也筋疲力尽。我们没有人才,我们没有时间,一个官员说，事情进展得太快了。

After a slowdown through 1990, China’s economic bounced back mightily， reaching a recent peak of 13 per cent growth last year。 Now， some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy early in the 21st century. Many economists believe a standard estimate of China's per capita gross national product (＄ 370） is already two to three times too low。 And former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world's largest economy by 2020.

中国经济在经历了1990年的缓慢增长后，又强力反弹，去年达到了13%新的增长高峰.现在一些西方专家预测，到21世纪初中国将成为世界上主要的经济强国。许多经济学家认为中国人均国民生产总值370美元的一般估计已经比实际低了2~3倍.前世界银行行长，经济学家拉里,萨默斯最近说，到2020年中国将会超过日本和美国而成为世界上最大的经济强国.

A farfetched prediction？ The new American administration doesn’t think so. Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the State and Treasury departments. When critics called the appointments a slight to Japan， the leading Pacific economic power, U。S。 Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained the administration's reasoning： by early in the next century, he said, China may replace Japan in importance to the U.S。 as an economic partner. Japan recognizes the rise of China. As a warning shot in an intensifying rivalry， Tokyo last week put punitive import tariffs on Chinese steel.

这种预言是否牵强？新一届美国政府不这么认为.比尔，克林顿已经任命华人就任国会和财政部负责亚洲事务的要职。当批评家把这种任命说成是对日本这个太平洋的主要经济强国的冷落时， 美国财政部副部长罗杰，奥尔特解释了政府这样做的理由：到下个世纪初，他说，中国可能会取代日本成为美国重要的经济伙伴。日本也承认中国的崛起，上周东京对中国钢材实施惩罚性进口关税,作为不断增强的竞争中的鸣枪警告。

China is reaping the rewards of reforms first launched by deng Xiaoping in 1979. Foreign investment is now welcome。 Special Economic Zones are booming。 The opening of securities and real-estate markets have created new opportunities. Growing ties between China's traders and their partners in Taiwan and Hong Kong are creating an unofficial but formidable “greater China” trade bloc。 Expansion has transformed places like Jiangsu province， where GDP grew 26 per cent last year。 Six years ago Zhangjiagang was part of another town and did not even have its own name. Now it’s China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels。

中国正在收获1979年由邓小平最先发起的改革成果。外国投资受到欢迎。经济特区正蓬勃发展。证券及房地产市场的开发已经创造了新的机会.中国的贸易者及在台湾及香港的伙伴之间的不断增强的关系正在创造一个非正式的了不起的大中华贸易集团.其扩展改变了像江苏省这样的地方，去年江苏省的国内生产总值增长了26％.6年前张家港是另一城镇的一部分， 甚至连自己的名字都没有.现在它也是中国第七大港口,和一个喧闹的建筑区, 在那里,许多办公大楼和旅馆正在建设中。

Clearly， China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was， according to the official measure, ＄ 420 billion –no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204 – unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths。 Growth is driven by new joint ventures， collectives and private businesses， which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production。

显而易见，中国的经济正处于进展中，距离发挥其10多亿人口的潜力还很遥远。据官方衡量，去年它的国内生产总值是4200亿美元，只不过相当于南加利福尼来的产值。中国主要还是一个农业国，其向工业自由市场的过渡正象204国道的交通一样—难以预测.国有公司很少被卖，大多数是落后的庞然大物.新的合资企业，集体和私人企业现在占中国工业生产的50%以上，它们推动着中国经济的发展。

For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region – thanks largely to low wages。 Last year the BeiBei company in Zhangjiagang cleared $ 14 million on exports of 10 million pairs of shoes to U。S. department stores. At the BeiBei plant, women huddle over a conveyor belt in frigid temperatures， gluing rubber sneakers together。 Typically, Chinese workers in a plant like this make about 34 cents an hour， compared with $ 3。50 for Korean workers, according to South Korean estimates。 That gives China a huge competitive advantage. Just two years ago South Korean manufactures were flourishing on contracts from western athletic footwear giants like Nike, Reebok and Adidas。 Since then much of the business has shifted to China, dealing a hard blow to the South Korean shoe industry. This is a blow to Seoul， but it also reflects the fact that South Korea is moving to a high-tech, high-wage economy —--—leaving China behind。

对于中国新兴的企业来说，整个地区利润都很高-主要是因为工资低.去年张家港的BEIBEI公司向美国百货公司出口1千万双鞋，净得1400万美元。在BEIBEI公司，妇女拥挤在寒冷的传送带周围粘橡胶旅游鞋。一般来说,像这样的工厂中的中国工人每小时大约挣34美分，根据韩国的估计，韩国工人可得到3。5美元。这种情况使得中国具有巨大的竞争优势。两年前,韩国的制造业因为与西方的运动鞋巨头耐克，锐步和阿迪达斯签订合同而呈现繁荣的景象。从那时起，许多企业转移到中国，对于韩国的鞋业造成重大打击。对于汉城这是一个打击，但它也反映了韩国正走向高技术，高工资经济这一事实.把中国甩在后面。

China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade。 Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies， could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy。 Already though， China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys， textiles and consumer electronics。 Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $ 18 billion. Only Japan's was larger. With the U。S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June， officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year，" says one Chinese official. “After Japan， we’ll be first in line for retaliation。”

中国现在正到达经济阶梯的下一个台阶。去年秋天北京同意对更多的美国货物,包括从宝丽来报影胶片到汽车等所有物品开放市场.作为回报，华盛顿支持中国加入关税及贸易总协定.这一组织的成员包括世界所有主要的经济强国，这一成员关系可以为低工资出口经济提供巨大的推动力。但是,中国的商业力量已经开始担心竞争者。去年中国的贸易顺差由于出口玩具，纺织品和消费性电器而猛增。它与美国的贸易顺差创下了180亿美元的记录。只有日本的顺差超过中国.由于美国国会在6月份即将考虑恢复中国的最惠国贸易地位，北京官员担心这种贸易的不平衡会超越人权问题而成为美国反对中国优先权的理由。这种贸易顺差本身将会成为今年的头号问题，一个中国官员说，继日本之后，我们将会成为下一个报复对象.

At the same time， America has an increasingly large stake in good relations with China。 In 1992 American companies led a rush of foreign investors who signed more than ＄ 30 billion worth of contracts in China。 (That is 30 times more the 1987 record for annual foreign investment in South Korea。) In Shanghai, Tianjin and other urban centers, China is trying ——— with considerable success ——- to attract high-technology firms that will modernize its economy。 Mcdonnell Douglas has built 35 MD – 80 series aircraft in Shanghai – and has contracted to build 40 more。 General Motors and Ford are rushing to establish a beachhead there. Throughout China， foreign firms are building plants for copiers， computers and industrial machinery。

同时，美国在与中国的良好关系方面有着越来越重要的利害关系.1992年美国公司率领外国投资者掀起一个在中国签订了价值300多亿美元合同的热潮。（那是1987年记载的韩国一年外国投资额的30倍）在上海，天津以及其他的中心城市，中国正努力—也已取得了相当大的成功。吸引将使中国经济实现现代化的高科技公司。麦克唐纳—道格拉斯在上海制造了35架MD-80 系列飞机. 而且已经签订了再造40架的合同。美国通用汽车公司和福特公汽车公司也奔向那里建设据点。外国公司建造的复印机厂，计算机厂和工厂机械厂也遍及中国.

Even more striking, China’s entrepreneurs are starting to hunt for opportunities abroad。 In the last year Capital Steel, a state-owned conglomerate 联合大企业with 205，000 employees, purchased steel operations in the United States and announced plans to build semiconductor chips in cooperation with NEC of Japan。 In December Capital outbid 出价高于别人a Japanese-Mexican—Chilean consortium 财团to buy Peru’s leading iron—and—steel complex， Hierroperu。 The ＄ 312 million purchase makes Capital the second largest foreign investor in Peru. Other state—affiliated companies, including CITIC and China Resources, Inc., are branching out from Hong Kong to establish overseas posts as varied as diamond—trading operations in Sri Lanka and brokerage services 经纪业务in New York。

更为引人注目的是，中国企业正开始在国外寻找机会。去年首都钢铁公司,一个拥有205000雇员的国有联合大企业，购买了美国的钢铁企业并宣布与日本电气公司一起制造半导体集成电路蕊片的计划。在12月份,首钢以高于日本—墨西哥—智利国际财团的价格购买秘鲁的主要钢铁综合公事秘鲁耶罗公司。这一宗价值3120亿美元的购买使中国首钢集团成为秘鲁第二大外国投资者。共他的国营公司，包括中国国际信托投资公司和香港华润有限公司正从香港扩充建立各种各样的海外贸易站，经营从斯里兰卡的钻石贸易到纽约的经纪业务不等。

However， even as the party promotes growth as a national priority, it worries about going too far。 Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits， and the party press is issuing strident warnings， urging restraint on buyers and sellers alike。 Rapid development is overwhelming China’s antique transport networks. Energy brownouts are a regular occurrence in Guangdong and Shanghai。

然而，即使党政机关把推进发展放在优先地位，却又担心发展得太快。最近通货膨胀再次上升到两位数字，党政报刊正在发出警告，敦促买方和卖方要有所克制.经注的迅速发展使陈旧的交通网络不堪重负.在广东和上海经常出现能源管制的情况。

Now Beijing has cut this year’s growth target from 10 t0 8.5 per cent， in an effort to keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated. “We need a smooth transition into another system，” says the head of a research institute in Shanghai. “But no one in the world has a design we can use， so we just have to experiment.” Even 8.5 per cent growth a year doubles an economy in 10 years， China’s largest economies in the 21st century. And the rest of the world will look foolish if it lets itself be caught by surprise.

现在北京把今年的发展目标从10%减少到8。5%，以努力防止经济失控。正如1989和1990年经济过热时所做的一样.我们需要顺利地过渡到另一种体制.上海一个研究机构的领导说. 但是世界上没有任何模式我们可以利用，因此我们必须自己实践。 即使是8。5%的年增长率在10年中也会使经济一番.中国新巨人21世纪跨入世界经济最强国之列.世界上其他国家如果对此感到奇怪，那真是愚蠢透顶。
With Kari Huus in Beijing and
Robin Bulman in Seoul

emergence / i5mE:dVEns/ n。出现
heavyweight / / n.有影响的人物；要人；大人物
economic heavyweight / / 举足轻重的经济强国
supplant / sE5pla:nt/ v.取代
jockey / 5dVRki/ v.驾驶；移动；变换位置
financier / fai5nAnsiE/ n。金融（资本）家
migrant / 5maigrEnt/ a.迁移的
sneaker / 5sni:kE/ n。［常用作复数］运动鞋;旅游鞋
crane / krein/ n.吊车
dump truck / / 翻斗车
nose / nEuz/ v。小心翼翼地行驶
tractor—trailer / 5trAktE5treilE/ n。牵引拖车
container plant / / 集装箱工厂
commercial hub / / 商业活动的中心
dynamic / dai5nAmik/ a。有生气的；有活力的
radiate / 5reidieit/ v。辐射状发出；从中心向各方向伸展出
creep / kri：p/ v.潜行；在。。.上面爬行
penetrate / 5penitreit/ a。停滞不前的；凋敝的
bustle / 5bQsl/ v.喧闹；活跃
prostitution / 5prRsti5tju：Fn/ n.卖淫
cabinet / 5kAbinit/ n.内阁
giddy / 5gidi/ a。头晕的；眼花缭乱的
exhaustion / ig5zR：stFEn/ n。筋疲力尽
bounce / bauns/ v.反弹
farfetched / 5fB：5fetFt/ n.牵强的；勉强的
slight / slait/ n。忽视;冷落
warning shot / / 鸣枪示警
intensifying rivalry / / 不断增强的竞争，对抗
formidable / 5fR:midEbl/ a。令人生畏的；巨大的；可怕的
tumultuous / tju:5mQltjuEs/ a。喧闹的；骚动的
measure / 5meVE/ n.尺度,标准
laggard / 5lAgEd/ a。落后的;迟钝的
behemoth / bi5hi：mRW, 5bi：himouW/ n.庞然大物
huddle / 5hQdl/ v.挤成一团
conveyor belt / / 输送带;传送带
frigid / 5fridVid/ a.寒冷的；严寒的
rung / rQN/ n.阶；梯
buoy / bRi/ v。浮起;支持
source / sR:s/ n。原因
preferred status / / 优先权
retaliation / ritAli5eiFEn/ n.报复
have a stake in / / 与。..有利害关系
beachhead / 5bi：tjhed/ n.滩头堡;籍以扩张势力的据点
outbid / aut5bid/ v.出价高于
consortium / kEn5sR：FiEm/ n.财团;综（联）合企业
complex / 5kRmpleks/ n.综（联）合企业
strident / 5straidEnt/ v.使。。。不知所措；使受不了
brownout / 5braunaut/ n。部分停止供电
career / kE5riE/ n。事业
astride / E5straid/ prep.（跨)在...上；跨骑

1. the most dynamic economy
2. Its boom radiates from Guangdong，its richest province …
3. China’s economy bounced back mightily, reaching a recent peak of 13 per cent growth last year.
4. the world's dominant economy
5. a huge boost for a low-wage export economy
6. Last year China's trade surplus surged， buoyed by exports of toys
7. Its trade surplus with the United states hit a record ＄ 18 billion.
8. the renewal of China’s most-favored—nation trade status
9. “After Japan， we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”
10. … America has an increasingly large stake in good relations with China.
11. more than ＄ 30 billion worth of contracts
12. 30 times more than the 1987 record for annual foreign investment in South Korea
13. Mcdonnell Douglas … has contracted to build 40 more.
14. Other state-affiliated companies … are branching out from Hong Kong …
15. Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits, …