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词伙第1类全球化 Worst-affected country 最受影响的国家 At the international level 在国际范围内 Diplomatic row 外交争吵 Financial resources 资金 The adequacy of … Multinational enterprises Multinational companies 跨国企业 Across boundaries 跨越国界 Global financial centre 全球金融中心 Business hubs 商业中心 Enhance social integration 加强社会融合 The domestic market 国内市场 Implications for the economy 经济影响 … has profound implications for the economy The gap between the haves and the have-nots 贫富差距 Widen … Competitive job market 竞争激烈的劳动力市场 Seek employment 求职 Potential recruits 潜在的应聘人 Suffer stress Suffer from more pressure 感到压力 Urban sprawl Urban expansion 城市扩张 Prospective citizens 申请入籍的人 Non-English speaking migrants 母语非英语的移民 Indigenous people Local residents 本土人 Citizenship 国籍第2类政府 Government/Public funds Public expenditure (on) Government investment (in) 公共资金、开支 Budget constraints 预算限制 Political leadership 政府领导力 Give priority to … 把…放在首位 Enforce Formulate + laws Enact 制定法律 Improve citizens’ living standards 提高居民生活水平 Health service 医疗服务 Social stability Produce a better society 社会稳定 Reduce traffic congestion 减少交通堵塞 Trigger conflicts 引发冲突第3类科技 Technological devices 技术设备 Massive technological change 大规模技术变化 Online activity 上网 E-communication 网络交流 Social networking websites 社交网站 Education content 教育性内容 enable users to acquire knowledge Broaden one’s horizons Widen our vision 开阔眼界 Expand knowledge Increase/broaden/widen knowledge 扩宽知识 Exercise different options Powerful functioning applications 强大的功能应用 Present information 提供信息 Provide different options 提供不同选项 Brainstorm ideas 集思广益 Embrace creative ideas 拥抱创意 Put ideas into practice 把想法付诸实践 Stifle Use creativity Fire imagination Capture 抑制运用创造力促进想象力激发 Biotech industry 生物技术领域 Vulnerable to an attack by online criminals 容易受到网络罪犯的攻击第4类环境 The whole ecosystem 整个生态系统 Global environmental problems 环境问题 Global environmental degradation/ destruction 环境恶化 Stain on environment 环境压力 At environment’s expense 环境代价 Human activities 人类活动 (Would) suffer sooner or later 早晚都要遭报应 Climate change 气候变化 Global warming 全球变暖 Glaciers Melting 冰川融化 Sea level rise 海平面上升淡水减少汽车尾气排放 Release/discharge pollutants 排放污染物 Carbon footprint 碳足迹 Leave carbon footprint Air pollution/contamination 大气污染 Greenhouse effect 温室效应 Acid train 酸雨 Deteriorating environment 生活环境恶化污染物增加 The increase of litter/garbage 垃圾增多废水增多 Radioactive waste disposal 放射物的污染处理 Energy crisis 能源危机 Water shortage The shortage of water recourses 水资源短缺 Deforestation 森林减少 Overgrazing 过度放牧 Lower fertility 土地生产力下降 Food supply problem 食品供应不足 Famine 饥荒 Resources 资源 Deplete nature recourses 耗尽自然资源 Non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 Fossil fuels 化石燃料 Renewable resources 可再生资源 Alternative energy 可替代资源 Hydro power 水电 Wind power 风能 Solar power 太阳能 Tidal power 潮汐能 Hydride power 氢能 Natural disasters 自然灾害 Droughts 干旱 Floods 洪灾 Sand storms 沙尘暴 Violent storms 雷暴 Suitable solution 解决方法 Mitigate the environmental impact 减少对环境的影响 Tackle pollution 减少、处理污染 Sustain the environment 保护环境 Sustainable development 可持续发展世界 Global cooperation 全球合作 Achieve/reach the agreement 达成共识 Set international standards for environmental protection/conservation/preservation 制定环境保护的国际标准政府 Enforce environmental laws 制定环保政策 Forbid/ curb Unenvironmental behaviour 禁止破坏环境的行为 Tax disposable packaging 给一次性包装收税 Low-carbon economy 鼓励低碳经济发展 Encourage Low-carbon economy Contain pollution 控制污染 Improve air quality 改善空气质量 Treat waste effectively 有效地处理垃圾科技 Invest in and research … Exploit … 投资研发…… 大力发展…… Environmental friendly technology 环保科技 Energy-saving technology 节能科技 → 见可再生资源 Renewable green energy 可再生的清洁能源 Less polluting or fuel-efficient cars/ vehicles 燃油高效性汽车 Hi-tech solutions 高科技的解决方法企业 Conserve energy 节约资源 Environmental friendly products 推出环保产品 Promote environmental friendly products Green consuming habits 引导大众绿色消费习惯 Lead/guide the public to enter green consuming habits 个人 Make a conscious effort to … 有意识地 Take action 采取行动 Fight against climate change 抵制气候变化 Raise green/environmental awareness 提升环保意识 Conservation activities 保护活动 Low-carbon lifestyle 倡导低碳生活方式 Appeal low-carbon life style Take public transport, carpool or ride a bicycle 乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车 Throwaway products 避免使用一次性产品 Avoid using throwaway products Eco-friendly alternatives/substitution 使用生态友好型替代品 Use eco-friendly alternatives/substitution Sort daily garbage 生活垃圾分类 Consume less and recycle more 少消耗多回收第5类社会文化、观念和生活方式 Culture exchange 文化交流 Inactive lifestyle 不同的生活方式 The erosion of (some) traditional values 传统文化价值的缺失工作 & 财富 Be economically better of Become financially well-off Become more affluent 经济条件宽裕 Material wealth 物质财富 pay closer attention to material wealth, 注重物质财富 but fail to attach importance to family life. 忽略家庭生活 Overworking Work Overtime 工作过度加班工作 Lead a hectic life 过着忙碌的生活 Perform poorly 表现很差 Enjoy the company of family 享受家庭生活 Luxury goods, such as Grand houses Fancy/luxury cars Hi-tech gadgets 奢侈品（房、车、物件） Be able to afford …/ … form an important part of their well-being. Get a foot on the property ladder 买自己的房子 Shopaholic 购物狂 Everyday expenditure 日常消费 Necessities of modern life 现实生活的必需品 Non-essential items 不必要的物品 Resist the temptation to 克制欲望 A housing crisis Shortage of houses 房屋紧缺私家车 & 环境、健康 (Unlimited) private car ownership Private car use 私家车的使用 Restrict the private car use Restrict the use of private car Limit the number of cars 限制私家车的使用 Involve fuel consumption 消耗燃油 Create exhaust fumes 排放废气 Deteriorate air quality 破坏大气质量 (As) air quality deteriorates, … 随着空气质量的破坏 Suffer from respiratory diseases 遭受呼吸系统疾病 Hospital admission (will) increase 入院人数增加饮食、肥胖 & 健康 Genetically modified crops 转基因农产品 Poor diet 不好的饮食 Fast food Junk food 垃圾食品 Staple food 主食 Lean meat 瘦肉 Epidemic of obesity 肥胖蔓延 Fat content 脂肪比重 Physical degeneration 体质下降 Fall sick 生病 Lose weight 减肥 Go on a diet 节食 Detox diet 排毒减肥餐 Regular exercise 经常锻炼 (regular = usual) Improve individuals’ well-being 加强身体健康旅游 Travelling overseas 出境游 Leisure activities 休闲活动第6类教育 Meet admission requirements Meet entry requirements Meet entrance standards 符合入学要求 Secondary education 中等教育 Receive a college education university tertiary 接受大学教育 Core courses Optional courses 主课选修 curriculum Increase knowledge Conduct academic studies 增加知识做学术研究大学职能 Theoretical knowledge 理论知识 Improve/enhance students’ intellectual skills 提高学习能力 Broaden one’s mind Keep abreast of the latest development 扩宽视野 Gain more knowledge and experience 获得更多知识和经验 Seize opportunities 把握机会 Career prospect Employment prospect Job outlook 职业前景 Promising future Job outlook is bright 好的前景 Leave school Graduate 毕业 Graduate unemployment 毕业生失业率 Private fostering 收养孩子 Guardianship 监护权 Close family member 近亲 Birth parents 亲生父母 Responsible adult 靠谱的成年人 Fertility watching 生育监管机构 Target children 针对小孩第7类媒体 Affect consumers’ shopping habits and product preferences 消费习惯产品偏好 Customer-focused 以顾客为导向的 Boost one’s confidence in (products) 提高对产品的信心 Satisfy one’s need 满足需求 Perform important functions 执行重要功能 Press barons 媒体业巨头 Media exposure 媒体曝光 The right to free speech and a free press 言论自由和媒体自由第8类犯罪 The illegal use 非法使用 Violent crimes 暴力犯罪 Race violence 种族暴力 Gun control 枪支管制 Gun violence 枪支暴力 Criminal offence 刑事犯罪 Break the law Disobey the law Do something outside the law Delinquency Crimes 违法 Commit suicide 自杀 Reduce crime 减少犯罪 Combat crime 打击犯罪 Curb Deter + crime 抑制犯罪 Curb Deter + drink driving 抑制酒驾第9类动物 Animals which face extinction 面临灭绝的动物 Be threatened with extinction 面临灭绝 Endangered species 濒危物种 Keep these species alive 保持物种存活 Human-caused disturbances 人为干扰 Pose a threat to nature habitats 对自然栖息地构成威胁 Contaminate the food chain 破坏食物链 Destroy/Keep the ecological balance 破坏/维持生态平衡 Intensive farming 密集种植 Restrict mobility 限制行动 Be locked up in cages 被关在笼子里 Natural behaviour 本能 Hunting instinct 狩猎本能 Professional zookeepers 专业饲养员 Captive breeding programmes 圈养繁殖计划 Reintroduced to natural habitats 重回自然栖息地 Preserve biodiversity 保护物种多样性 Funding for conservation 动物保护基金第10类妇女、老人和年轻人 Male-dominated word 男人占主导位置的世界（男人支配） Fulfil oneself 实现抱负 Rear a child (alone) 抚养小孩常用 The focus of public concern 公众关注焦点 Central question 核心问题 The inescapable fact is that … 无法回避的问题是 Open to discussion 值得商榷 The former/latter 前者or后者 Tradeoff 折中条件 Side with 支持 Supporters 支持者 Pros and cons 优缺点 The pros and cons of … will be discussed below Outline the cause (of) 概括原因 Propose solutions 提出解决方法 Tackle Handle + the problems Deal with 处理问题 Take measures to 采取措施 There are many measures we can take to solve this problem, 我们可以采取很多措施解决这一问题 Deserve immediate attention 应立即得到注意 and some of them deserve immediate attention. 其中一些必须立即引起我们的重视 Pose a threat to Pose a potential menace 对…造成威胁 Make concerted efforts to 齐心协力 People from different countries should make concerted efforts to solve this problem. Everything go on as usual 一切照常 Lay a foundation for 为…奠定基础 Have a lifelong impact on … 一生的影响修饰词 Non-essential … 不必要的… The proliferation of … …的扩散 The adequacy of … 充足的 Be crucial to … 至关重要动词 Recognize the value of … 认识到…的价值连接词引言 In a way 在某种情况下 In general 一般而言 As a general rule 照例 In many cases 通常 More often than not 通常，多半 In most cases 在绝大多数情况下 Not surprisingly Undoubtedly It is undeniable that … 无可置疑的是 There is no denying that … It is generally accepted that … 众所周知的是并列 Likewise 同样地、也 Meanwhile Besides In addition What’s more 口语递进 Moreover Furthermore Let alone 更不必说 Last but not least 最后但并不是最不重要的（不要放在段落开头） In extreme cases 在极端情况下转折 However 然而（轻微转折） Nonetheless 虽然如此，但是（重度转折） Nevertheless Conversely 相反地 Meanwhile At the same time but in other places 另一方面 On the other hand At the other extreme On the negative side On the positive/plus side On the downside Under exceptional circumstances Despite these benefits, it is argued that … 重度转折，引出相反观点的中心句选择 Alternatively Instead Rather Conversely 相比 In comparison with By comparison By contrast In contrast 结果 Therefore As such For this reason Hence Thus Given this In view of this The consequence is that … 举例 For example For instance 主体段落总结 In brief In a word Put simply 全文总结 To summarise In conclusion To sum up Increase one’s self-confidence = Boost one’s self-confidence Have a (adj.) impact on (negative = adverse) Mental arithmetic 心算能力 Spelling out 列举 P139 Refute 否定 Means mode/form of travel 旅行方式 Sightseeing 观光 Imposing tax penalties 加税 Boosted 振兴 P143 Brought to the forefront 放到了最前沿页 12

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