顾家北词伙整理.doc

词伙第1类 全球化Worst-affected country最受影响的国家At the international level在国际范围内Diplomatic row外交争吵Financial resources资金 The adequacy of Multinational enterprisesMultinational companies跨国企业Across boundaries跨越国界Global financial centre全球金融中心Business hubs商业中心Enhance social integration加强社会融合The domestic market国内市场Implications for the economy经济影响 has profound implications for the economyThe gap between the haves and the have-nots贫富差距 Widen Competitive job market竞争激烈的劳动力市场Seek employment求职Potential recruits潜在的应聘人Suffer stressSuffer from more pressure感到压力Urban sprawlUrban expansion城市扩张Prospective citizens申请入籍的人Non-English speaking migrants母语非英语的移民Indigenous peopleLocal residents本土人Citizenship国籍第2类 政府Government/Public fundsPublic expenditure (on)Government investment (in)公共资金、开支Budget constraints预算限制Political leadership政府领导力Give priority to 把放在首位EnforceFormulate + lawsEnact制定法律Improve citizens living standards提高居民生活水平Health service医疗服务Social stabilityProduce a better society社会稳定Reduce traffic congestion减少交通堵塞Trigger conflicts引发冲突第3类 科技Technological devices技术设备Massive technological change大规模技术变化Online activity上网 E-communication网络交流Social networking websites社交网站Education content教育性内容enable users to acquire knowledgeBroaden ones horizonsWiden our vision开阔眼界Expand knowledgeIncrease/broaden/widen knowledge扩宽知识Exercise different optionsPowerful functioning applications强大的功能应用Present information提供信息Provide different options提供不同选项Brainstorm ideas集思广益Embrace creative ideas拥抱创意Put ideas into practice把想法付诸实践StifleUse creativityFire imaginationCapture抑制运用 创造力促进 想象力激发Biotech industry生物技术领域Vulnerable to an attack by online criminals容易受到网络罪犯的攻击第4类 环境The whole ecosystem整个生态系统Global environmental problems环境问题Global environmental degradation/destruction环境恶化Stain on environment环境压力At environments expense环境代价Human activities人类活动(Would) suffer sooner or later早晚都要遭报应Climate change气候变化Global warming全球变暖Glaciers Melting冰川融化Sea level rise海平面上升淡水减少汽车尾气排放Release/discharge pollutants排放污染物Carbon footprint碳足迹Leave carbon footprintAir pollution/contamination大气污染Greenhouse effect温室效应Acid train酸雨Deteriorating environment生活环境恶化污染物增加The increase of litter/garbage垃圾增多废水增多Radioactive waste disposal放射物的污染处理Energy crisis能源危机Water shortageThe shortage of water recourses水资源短缺Deforestation森林减少Overgrazing过度放牧Lower fertility土地生产力下降Food supply problem食品供应不足Famine饥荒Resources资源Deplete nature recourses耗尽自然资源Non-renewable resources不可再生资源Fossil fuels化石燃料Renewable resources可再生资源Alternative energy可替代资源Hydro power水电Wind power风能Solar power太阳能Tidal power潮汐能Hydride power氢能Natural disasters自然灾害Droughts干旱Floods洪灾Sand storms沙尘暴Violent storms雷暴Suitable solution解决方法Mitigate the environmental impact减少对环境的影响Tackle pollution减少、处理污染Sustain the environment保护环境Sustainable development可持续发展世界Global cooperation全球合作Achieve/reach the agreement达成共识Set international standards forenvironmental protection/conservation/preservation制定环境保护的国际标准政府Enforce environmental laws制定环保政策Forbid/ curb Unenvironmentalbehaviour禁止破坏环境的行为Tax disposable packaging给一次性包装收税Low-carbon economy鼓励低碳经济发展Encourage Low-carbon economyContain pollution控制污染Improve air quality改善空气质量Treat waste effectively有效地处理垃圾科技Invest in and research Exploit 投资研发大力发展Environmental friendly technology环保科技Energy-saving technology节能科技 见可再生资源Renewable green energy可再生的清洁能源Less polluting or fuel-efficient cars/vehicles燃油高效性汽车Hi-tech solutions高科技的解决方法企业Conserve energy节约资源Environmental friendly products推出环保产品Promote environmental friendly productsGreen consuming habits引导大众绿色消费习惯Lead/guide the public to enter green consuming habits个人Make a conscious effort to 有意识地Take action采取行动Fight against climate change抵制气候变化Raise green/environmental awareness提升环保意识Conservation activities保护活动Low-carbon lifestyle倡导低碳生活方式Appeal low-carbon life styleTake public transport, carpool or ride abicycle乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车Throwaway products避免使用一次性产品Avoid using throwaway productsEco-friendly alternatives/substitution使用生态友好型替代品Use eco-friendly alternatives/substitutionSort daily garbage生活垃圾分类Consume less and recycle more少消耗多回收第5类 社会文化、观念和生活方式Culture exchange文化交流Inactive lifestyle不同的生活方式The erosion of (some) traditional values传统文化价值的缺失工作 & 财富Be economically better ofBecome financially well-offBecome more affluent经济条件宽裕Material wealth物质财富pay closer attention to material wealth, 注重物质财富but fail to attach importance to family life. 忽略家庭生活OverworkingWork Overtime工作过度加班工作Lead a hectic life过着忙碌的生活Perform poorly表现很差Enjoy the company of family享受家庭生活Luxury goods, such asGrand housesFancy/luxury carsHi-tech gadgets奢侈品（房、车、物件）Be able to afford / form an important part of their well-being.Get a foot on the property ladder买自己的房子Shopaholic购物狂Everyday expenditure日常消费Necessities of modern life现实生活的必需品Non-essential items不必要的物品Resist the temptation to克制欲望A housing crisisShortage of houses房屋紧缺私家车 & 环境、健康(Unlimited) private car ownershipPrivate car use私家车的使用Restrict the private car useRestrict the use of private carLimit the number of cars限制私家车的使用Involve fuel consumption消耗燃油Create exhaust fumes排放废气Deteriorate air quality破坏大气质量(As) air quality deteriorates, 随着空气质量的破坏Suffer from respiratory diseases遭受呼吸系统疾病Hospital admission (will) increase入院人数增加饮食、肥胖 & 健康Genetically modified crops转基因农产品Poor diet不好的饮食Fast foodJunk food垃圾食品Staple food主食Lean meat瘦肉Epidemic of obesity肥胖蔓延Fat content脂肪比重Physical degeneration体质下降Fall sick生病Lose weight减肥Go on a diet节食Detox diet排毒减肥餐Regular exercise经常锻炼 (regular = usual)Improve individuals well-being加强身体健康旅游Travelling overseas出境游Leisure activities休闲活动第6类 教育Meet admission requirementsMeet entry requirementsMeet entrance standards符合入学要求Secondary education中等教育Receive a college education university tertiary接受大学教育Core coursesOptional courses主课选修 curriculumIncrease knowledgeConduct academic studies增加知识做学术研究大学 职能Theoretical knowledge理论知识Improve/enhance studentsintellectual skills提高学习能力Broaden ones mindKeep abreast of the latest development扩宽视野Gain more knowledge and experience获得更多知识和经验Seize opportunities把握机会Career prospectEmployment prospectJob outlook职业前景Promising futureJob outlook is bright好的前景Leave schoolGraduate毕业Graduate unemployment毕业生失业率Private fostering收养孩子Guardianship监护权Close family member近亲Birth parents亲生父母Responsible adult靠谱的成年人Fertility watching生育监管机构Target children针对小孩第7类 媒体Affect consumers shopping habits andproduct preferences消费习惯产品偏好Customer-focused以顾客为导向的Boost ones confidence in (products)提高对产品的信心Satisfy ones need满足需求Perform important functions执行重要功能Press barons媒体业巨头Media exposure媒体曝光The right to free speech and a free press言论自由和媒体自由第8类 犯罪The illegal use非法使用Violent crimes暴力犯罪Race violence种族暴力Gun control枪支管制Gun violence枪支暴力Criminal offence刑事犯罪Break the lawDisobey the lawDo something outside the lawDelinquencyCrimes违法Commit suicide自杀Reduce crime减少犯罪Combat crime打击犯罪CurbDeter + crime抑制犯罪CurbDeter + drink driving抑制酒驾第9类 动物Animals which face extinction面临灭绝的动物Be threatened with extinction面临灭绝Endangered species濒危物种Keep these species alive保持物种存活Human-caused disturbances人为干扰Pose a threat to nature habitats对自然栖息地构成威胁Contaminate the food chain破坏食物链Destroy/Keep the ecological balance破坏/维持生态平衡Intensive farming密集种植Restrict mobility限制行动Be locked up in cages被关在笼子里Natural behaviour本能Hunting instinct狩猎本能Professional zookeepers专业饲养员Captive breeding programmes圈养繁殖计划Reintroduced to natural habitats重回自然栖息地Preserve biodiversity保护物种多样性Funding for conservation动物保护基金第10类 妇女、老人和年轻人Male-dominated word男人占主导位置的世界（男人支配）Fulfil oneself实现抱负Rear a child (alone)抚养小孩常用The focus of public concern公众关注焦点Central question核心问题The inescapable fact is that 无法回避的问题是Open to discussion值得商榷The former/latter前者or后者Tradeoff折中条件Side with支持Supporters支持者Pros and cons优缺点The pros and cons of will be discussed belowOutline the cause (of)概括原因Propose solutions提出解决方法TackleHandle + the problemsDeal with处理问题Take measures to采取措施There are many measures we can take to solve this problem, 我们可以采取很多措施解决这一问题Deserve immediate attention应立即得到注意and some of them deserve immediate attention. 其中一些必须立即引起我们的重视Pose a threat toPose a potential menace对造成威胁Make concerted efforts to 齐心协力People from different countries should make concerted efforts to solve this problem.Everything go on as usual一切照常Lay a foundation for为奠定基础Have a lifelong impact on 一生的影响修饰词Non-essential 不必要的The proliferation of 的扩散The adequacy of 充足的Be crucial to 至关重要动词Recognize the value of 认识到的价值连接词引言In a way在某种情况下In general 一般而言As a general rule照例In many cases通常More often than not通常，多半In most cases在绝大多数情况下Not surprisinglyUndoubtedlyIt is undeniable that 无可置疑的是There is no denying that It is generally accepted that 众所周知的是并列Likewise同样地、也MeanwhileBesidesIn additionWhats more口语递进MoreoverFurthermoreLet alone更不必说Last but not least最后但并不是最不重要的（不要放在段落开头）In extreme cases在极端情况下转折However然而（轻微转折）Nonetheless虽然如此，但是（重度转折）NeverthelessConversely相反地MeanwhileAt the same time but in other places 另一方面On the other handAt the other extremeOn the negative sideOn the positive/plus sideOn the downsideUnder exceptional circumstancesDespite these benefits, it is arguedthat 重度转折，引出相反观点的中心句选择AlternativelyInsteadRatherConversely相比In comparison withBy comparisonBy contrastIn contrast结果ThereforeAs suchFor this reasonHenceThusGiven thisIn view of thisThe consequence is that 举例For exampleFor instance主体段落总结In briefIn a wordPut simply全文总结To summariseIn conclusionTo sum upIncrease ones self-confidence = Boost ones self-confidenceHave a (adj.) impact on (negative = adverse)Mental arithmetic 心算能力Spelling out列举 P139Refute否定Means mode/form of travel旅行方式Sightseeing观光Imposing tax penalties加税Boosted振兴 P143Brought to the forefront放到了最前沿 页 12