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7、tion in COPD patients J.J For-mos MedAssoc,2019,118(1 Pt 3):429-435.(收稿日期:2022-04-22)Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂的疗效及安全性研究韩亮,李强松武警陕西省总队医院骨科,陕西西安710000【摘要】目的研究Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂的疗效及安全性。方法选取2019年3月至2020年12月期间武警陕西省总队医院收治的80例单节段腰椎峡部裂患者进行研究,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。两组患者均进行自体髂骨移植治疗,对
8、照组采用正中入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定,研究组采用Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定,比较两组患者的住院时间、手术时间、术后引流量、术中出血量等相关手术指标;比较两组患者术前及术后7 d、3个月和末次随访时的日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分;比较两组患者术后Frankel分级评定、椎间融合率、植骨融合时间和并发症发生情况。结果研究组患者术后引流量、术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间分别为(77.911.5)mL、(148.317.5)mL、(2.320.42)h、(8.42.4)d,明显短(少)于对照组的(3.640.51)h、(269.425.4)mL、(1
9、21.417.8)mL、(14.33.1)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d、术后3个月以及末次随访时,两组患者的JOA评分明显升高、ODI评分明显下降,且研究组患者的JOA评分分别为(15.640.87)分、(22.731.51)分、(24.383.05)分,明显高于对照组的(13.010.52)分、(18.221.03)分、(22.042.61)分,术后ODI评分分别为(19.43.5)%、(11.32.4)%、(8.31.6)%,明显低于对照组的(25.73.7)%、(17.92.8)%、(14.72.1)%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而治疗后末次随访时,研究组患者的
10、脊髓神经功能明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术后并发症总发生率为5.0%,略高于对照组的2.5%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂可有效降低患者术中出血量、术后引流量、术后疼痛感,改善患者术后腰部运动功能,临床疗效显著且安全性高,值得推广应用。【关键词】单节段腰椎峡部裂;Wiltse入路;单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定;自体髂骨移植;疗效;安全性【中图分类号】R681.5+7【文献标识码】A【文章编号】10036350(2023)04051406Efficacy and safety of unila
11、teral pedicle screw rod internal fixation combined with autologous iliac bonetransplantation through Wiltse approach in the treatment of single segment lumbar spondylolysis.HAN Liang,LIQiang-song.Department of Orthopedics,Armed Police Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital,Xian 710000,Shaanxi,CHINA【Abstr
12、act】ObjectiveTo study the efficacy and safety of unilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixation com-bined with autologous iliac bone transplantation through Wiltse approach in the treatment of single segment lumbar spon-论著 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2023.04.012第一作者:韩亮(1987),男,主治医师,主要研究方向为骨科。通讯作者:李
13、强松(1982),男,主治医师,主要研究方向为骨科,E-mail:。514Hainan Med J,Feb.2023.Vol.34,No.4海南医学2023年2月第34卷第4期腰椎峡部裂是指腰椎一侧或两侧上下关节突之间的峡部骨质不连,患者早期并无明显症状,通常是因腰痛进行影像学检查予以确诊,而随病情发展会出现下肢麻木、疼痛等症状,给患者带来较多不便1-2。发病早期可采取非手术方式达到满意效果,但仍有部分患者则会因顽固性疼痛、进展至腰椎滑脱等原因而选择手术治疗。临床上的手术方法有Buck法、Scott法、椎弓根钉棒内固定法和微创方法等,其中Scott法有着较高的并发症发生率、且植骨融合率较低,目
14、前临床较少使用;Buck法的稳定性低于椎弓根螺钉固定方法和Morscher法,而Morscher法虽然属于微创治疗方法但是缺乏相关的报道3-4。Wiltse入路是一种较为简单的微创技术,在临床被广泛应用于胸腰椎骨折和腰椎退行性疾病的治疗中,但是在腰椎峡部裂的治疗中较少应用5。本研究采用Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂患者,旨在探讨该微创方法在疼痛缓解、临床效果、安全性等方面的效果。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2019年3月至2020年12月期间武警陕西省总队医院收治的80例单节段腰椎峡部裂患者进行研究。纳入标准:(1)不同程度下腰痛现象,且采取非手术规
15、范治疗后均无明显缓解者;(2)腰痛症状6个月者;(3)经影像学检验确诊为单节段腰椎峡部裂者。排除标准:(1)腰椎失稳者;(2)腰椎脱落症、腰椎间盘突出症者;(3)伴有其他腰椎病变者;(4)不愿谨遵医嘱,不密切配合的患者。根据随机数表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。两组患者的基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会批准,患者及其家属知情并签署知情同意书。1.2手术方法1.2.1对照组该组患者采用正中入路单侧椎dylolysis.MethodsFrom March 2019 to December 2020,80 patients wit
16、h single segment lumbar spondylolysis admit-ted toArmed Police Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital were selected for study.According to the method of random num-ber table,the patients were divided into an observation group and a control group,each with 40 patients.Based on autog-enous iliac bone trans
17、plantation,the control group applied unilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixation through the medi-an approach,and the study group applied unilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixation through the Wiltse approach.Thelength of hospital stay,operation time,postoperative drainage volume,intraoperati
18、ve bleeding,and other related surgicalindicators of the patients in the two groups were compared.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores(JOA)and Os-westry dysfunction index(ODI)scores of the two groups were compared before operation,at 7 days,3 months after oper-ation,and at the last follow-up.F
19、rankel grading,intervertebral fusion rate,bone graft fusion time,and complicationswere compared between the two groups.ResultsThe postoperative drainage volume,intraoperative bleeding volume,operation time,and length of hospital stay in the study group were(77.911.5)mL,(148.317.5)mL,(2.320.42)h,and(
20、8.42.4)d,which were significantly shorter(less)than(3.640.51)h,(269.425.4)mL,(121.417.8)mL,and(14.33.1)d in the control group(P0.05).At 7 days,3 months after operation and at the last follow-up,the JOA scores of thetwo groups increased significantly and ODI scores of the two groups decreased signifi
21、cantly;the JOA scores of the studygroup were(15.640.87)points,(22.731.51)points,and(24.383.05)points,which were significantly higher than(13.010.52)points,(18.221.03)points,and(22.042.61)points of the control group(P0.05);the postoperative ODIscores of the study group were(19.43.5)%,(11.32.4)%,and(8
22、.31.6)%,which were significantly lower than(25.73.7)%,(17.92.8)%,and(14.72.1)%of the control group(P0.05);at the last follow-up after treatment,thespinal nerve function of the patients in the study group was significantly better than that of the control group(P0.05).The total incidence of postoperat
23、ive complications was 5.0%in the study group and 2.5%in the control group,with no statistically significant difference(P0.05).ConclusionUnilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixation com-bined with autogenous iliac bone transplantation through Wiltse approach has a significant effect in the treatmen
24、t of sin-gle segment lumbar spondylolysis,which can effectively reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding,postoperativedrainage,postoperative pain,and improve the lumbar sports function of patients,with a significant clinical effect andhigh safety.It is worthy of promotion and application.【Key wo
25、rds】Single segment lumbar spondylolysis;Wiltse approach;Unilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixa-tion;Autogenous iliac bone transplantation;Efficacy;Safety表1两组患者的一般资料比较x-s,例(%)Table 1Comparison of general data of two groups x-s,n(%)组别研究组对照组2/t值P值例数4040男/女32(80.00)/8(20.00)31(77.50)/9(22.50)0.0750.
26、785年龄(岁)37.683.5938.243.671.0350.151病程(月)8.232.647.911.321.0290.153515海南医学2023年2月第34卷第4期Hainan Med J,Feb.2023.Vol.34,No.4弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗。具体方法:(1)使患者保持俯卧位作麻醉处理;(2)利用透视仪进行定位并做好体表标记,根据病椎位置作后正中切口,切口长度约为8 cm,逐层切开皮肤、皮下组织,直至露出两侧的椎旁肌,暴露出病变位置,然后将椎弓根螺钉置入其中;其他步骤同研究组。1.2.2研究组该组患者采用 Wiltse 入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植
27、治疗。具体方法:(1)使患者保持俯卧位作麻醉处理;(2)利用透视仪进行定位并做好体表标记,以病椎位置为中心,在后正中进行纵向切口,从患者腰背筋膜表面进行皮下组织分离操作,直至中线旁开2.5 cm,再切开筋膜层,沿着双侧多裂肌和最长肌间隙进行分离,直至露出关节突外缘、峡部和椎板,然后将椎弓根螺钉置入其中;(3)清除峡部裂间隙的瘢痕组织和断端的硬化骨,制备植骨床;(4)取自体髂后上棘骨块以及松质骨粒进行移植,将其植于断端缺损部位;(5)将椎板钩置于病椎的椎板下缘,在连接棒预弯后,将椎板钩和椎弓根螺钉进行连接,后进行适度加压;(6)检查植骨的稳定性,确定无误后在峡部周围植入松质骨粒,最后进行缝合处理
28、,见图 1。图1经Wiltse入路手术示意图Figure 1Schematic diagram of operation via Wiltse approach注:A,中间红线为皮肤切口,两侧黑线为肌间隙切口;B,牵拉显露多裂肌和最长肌间隙;C,清除瘢痕组织、硬化断端、植入髂骨。Note:A,The red line marks the skin incision,and the black lines mark the muscle space incision;B,Stretching exposes the space between the multifidusmuscle and t
29、he longest muscle;C,Remove scar tissue,harden the broken end,and implant iliac bone.1.3观察指标与评价方法(1)手术相关指标:比较两组患者的住院时间、手术时间、术后引流量、术中出血量等手术相关指标。(2)日本骨科协会(JOA)评分:术前及术后7 d、3个月、末次随访时对患者进行测评,JOA评分标准6:该量表总分29分,评分越高表明腰痛程度越轻,功能恢复越好。(3)手术前后的Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分:术前及术后7 d、3个月、末次随访时对患者进行测评,ODI 评分标准7:根据 ODI量表进行评
30、分,该量表由10个问题组成,每个问题为5 分,总分为50分,ODI=实际得分/50100%,数值越高,则越严重。(4)术后脊髓神经功能:末次随访时对患者进行测评,Frankel分级标准8:A级为损伤平面以下感觉、运动功能均完全消失;B级为损伤平面以下无运动功能,仅存部分感觉,深浅感觉完全消失;C级为损伤平面以下存在无用的运动功能;D级为可扶拐行走;E级为感觉、运动功能均正常。(5)植骨融合情况:比较两组患者的椎间融合率、植骨融合时间。椎间融合标准:根据改良的Brantigan评分标准9,完全融合、融合良好或塑形良好但有少量的透光线,均表明椎间融合良好,达到融合标准。(6)并发症:比较两组患者术
31、后并发症发生情况。1.4统计学方法应用 SPSS20.00统计软件进行数据统计学分析。计量资料以均数标准差(x-s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料比较采用2检验,等级资料比较采用秩和检验。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组患者的手术相关指标比较研究组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间明显短(少)于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d、3个月及末次随访时,两组患者的JOA评分均明显升高,且研究组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d、3个月及末次随访时,两组患者的ODI评分均明显下降,且研究组明显低于对照组,差异均516Hai
32、nan Med J,Feb.2023.Vol.34,No.4海南医学2023年2月第34卷第4期有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后末次随访研究组患者脊髓神经功能明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表5。表3两组患者手术前后的JOA评分比较(x-s,分)Table 3Comparison of JOA scores between two groups before and after surgery(x-s,points)组别研究组对照组t值P值例数4040术前8.530.148.520.180.4160.339术后7 d15.640.87a13.010.52a24.6170.0
33、01术后3个月22.731.51a18.221.03a23.4080.001末次随访24.383.05a22.042.61a5.5300.001注:与本组术前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with the value in the same group before operation,aP0.05.表4两组患者手术前后的ODI评分比较(x-s,%)Table 4Comparison of ODI scores between the two groups before and after surgery(x-s,%)组别研究组对照组t值P值例数4040术前41.46.240
34、.96.10.3630.717术后7 d19.43.5a25.73.7a7.8230.001术后3个月11.32.4a17.92.8a11.3180.001末次随访8.31.6a14.72.1a15.3310.001注:与本组术前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with the value in the same group before operation,aP0.05.表5两组患者术后的脊髓神经功能比较例(%)Table 5Comparison of spinal nerve function between two groups after surgery n(%)组别研
35、究组对照组例数4040时间治疗前末次随访Z值P值治疗前末次随访Z值F值A级3(7.50)3(7.50)3(7.50)3(7.50)B级18(45.00)6(15.00)ab19(47.20)16(40.00)aE级03(7.50)ab00注:与本组治疗前比较,aP0.05;与对照组末次随访比较,bP0.05。Note:Compared with the value in the same group before treatment,aP0.05;Compared with the values in the control group,bP0.05),见表6。2.6两组患者术后并发症比较研究
36、组患者术后并发症总发生率为 5.0%,略高于对照组的2.5%,但差异无统计学意义(2=0.346,P=0.5560.05),见表7。表2两组患者的手术相关指标比较(x-s)Table 2Comparison of relevant surgical indicators between the two groups(x-s)组别研究组对照组t值P值例数4040手术时间(h)2.320.423.640.5112.6360.001术中出血量(mL)148.317.5269.425.424.8300.001术后引流量(mL)77.911.5121.417.812.9820.001住院时间(d)8.4
37、2.414.33.19.5180.001517海南医学2023年2月第34卷第4期Hainan Med J,Feb.2023.Vol.34,No.43讨论腰椎峡部裂是常见的一种腰痛类型,又称腰椎峡部不连,指腰椎上下两关节突之间的峡部出现断裂。腰椎峡部裂会诱发腰椎不稳,使椎体在其下位之上向前滑移,导致腰部不适。生物力学表明,腰椎峡部裂的应力条件是屈曲和轴向旋转,而体育运动则伴随有过度后伸动作和反复的轴向负荷。相关研究也显示,当椎弓根承受的剪应力过大时则会导致峡部断裂,末梢神经受到刺激后引发腰部疼痛9。临床显示腰椎峡部裂的常见类型主要有椎体滑脱、单节段及多节段腰椎峡部裂。早期患者可以通过使用腰围、
38、限制活动等方式缓解疼痛,但保守治疗的方法并不能产生骨性愈合,解决不了患者的根本问题。因此,在临床上医生更多采取手术方式予以治疗,从而帮助患者缓解腰部疼痛,促进峡部裂愈合,并进一步防止出现椎体滑脱等严重后果10。目前常用的峡部修复方法包括Buck法、钉-钩固定技术、单节段椎弓根钉棒技术(Smiley Face)以及短节段临时钉棒固定修复技术等。短节段钉棒固定修复技术会在不同程度上对脊柱正常运动产生影响,对脊柱的局部活动产生限制,因此临床上不常用。而其他几个固定技术均只对单节段进行固定治疗,不会对脊柱正常的解剖结构产生较大的损伤,能够有效对正常的脊柱运动单元进行保留,且能够进行较为牢固的固定,因此
39、均被广泛应用。生物力学研究指出,单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗具有更高的抗屈伸及旋转的稳定性,此外,通过单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗的单节段腰椎峡部裂患者可更早地恢复运动11-12。因此,临床更倾向于单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗技术对单节段腰椎峡部裂进行修复13。有研究发现,经Wiltse入路进行脊柱手术能够有效缩短手术时间、降低出血量、降低住院费用、降低并发症发生率14。因此研究选择Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗,术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量均明显低于后正中入路手术进行之类的患者。本次研究指出给予Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内
40、固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂患者的术后3个月JOA评分、ODI评分与术前比较均明显降低,在末次随访时VAS评分结果进一步升高、ODI评分结果进一步降低,术后所有患者的症状均得到了明显的缓解,治疗后末次随访研究组患者脊髓神经功能明显优于对照组,且无明显的并发症。因此,Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂是一个可行的微创手术治疗方法。分析Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗术后疗效显著的原因如下15-16:(1)Wiltse入路的操作避免过多的对肌肉与骨结构的附着处进行剥离,能够明显减轻手术操作对患者多裂肌产生的损伤,能够有效维持
41、患者腰椎结构与功能的稳定性;(2)Wiltse入路不会对骶棘肌产生过度牵拉,能有效避免肌肉出现缺血缺氧坏死;(3)钉棒内固定技术只会对单一节段的腰椎进行固定,不会对脊柱的正常运动结构产生损失,且能够保证脊柱正常的结构与生理状态,对维持腰椎的正常运动具有较为重要的意义。Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗手术能够有效提高手术安全性的原因如下:(1)尽量选择在横突根部偏上处的椎弓根处置钉,尽量避免接触到关节突和峡部,避免了置钉会对关节囊产生的损伤而导致关节突发生退变及术后腰痛难以缓解等情况的发生。椎弓根钉避开峡部能够利于对峡部瘢痕组织的处理,并利于在峡部进行植骨处理;(2)对椎
42、板进行剥离椎板下缘显露出来时尽可能的斜向内侧进行处理,避免椎板外缘过多显露而将下关节突暴露出来、也避免了下位关节突关节的破坏;(3)选择大块松质骨块进行峡部断端间植骨,在峡部植入骨块后进行敲击、夯实,将松质骨粒植入到峡部周围;(4)钉钩抱紧的过程中,适度的加压操作能够使植骨块与峡部断端紧贴,又避免了由于过度加压而导致关节突关节间的正常咬合关系紊乱以及峡部短缩,避免了腰痛症状与关节突退变等情况的出现。所有这些手术细节决定了临床的治疗效果与安全性。综上所述,Wiltse入路单侧椎弓根钉棒内固定联合自体髂骨移植治疗单节段腰椎峡部裂疗效显著,可有效降低患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后疼痛感,
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