(课堂用)The-Future-of-the--English(分析解读.ppt

TheFutureoftheEnglishJ.B.PriestleyAims:1)Improving students ability to readbetween lines and understand the textproperly;2)Cultivating students ability to make acreativereading;3)EnhancingstudentsabilitytoappreciatethetextfromdifferentperspectivesAims4)Helping students to understand somedifficultwordsandexpressions;5)Helpingstudentstounderstandingrhetoricaldevices;6)Encouragingstudentstovoicetheirownviewpointfluentlyandaccurately.TeachingContentsI.BackgroundKnowledgeII.ExpositionandArgumentIII.DetailedStudyofTheEssayIV.OrganizationPatternV.StyleandLanguageFeaturesExpositionandArgument1)Type of literature:part expositionandpartpersuasionorargumentBackgroundKnowledge1)AbouttheAuthorandHisWorks2)AdmassThe whole system of an increasingproductivity,plus inflation,plus a risingstandard of material living,plus high-pressure advertising and salesmanship,plus mass communications,plus culturaldemocracyandthecreationofthemassmind,the mass man the part of societythat can be influenced by advertising orpublicityDetailedStudyoftheEssayPre-classwork:What do you think the author is going tofocus on:the future of the English as aninternational language,the future of theEnglish as a nation or the future of theEnglishpeople?CountryAdjectivesingularpluralgenericreferenceChinaChineseaChinesetwoChinesetheChineseJapanJapaneseaJapanese twoJapanesetheJapaneseGermanyGermanaGermantwoGermanstheGermansAmericaAmericananAmericantwoAmericanstheAmericansEnglandEnglishanEnglish-mantwoEnglish-mentheEnglish/EnglishmenFranceFrenchaFrench-mantwoFrench-mentheFrench/French-menTheEnglishareDifferent1.Thedominantintentionorthecontroversialtopicofhisargumentisstatedearlyinparagraphoneinoneunambiguoussentence:“TheEnglisharedifferent”.1)It is instinctive feeling and not rationalthoughtthatshapesandcolorsactualeventsinEngland.2)The English do not feel at home in thecontemporaryworld,representingtheaccelerateddevelopmentofourwholeage.They are suspicious of largeness,severeefficiencyandadmass3)TheEnglisharealsodeeplysuspiciousofchangeforchangessake.4)TheEnglishhaveasenseofcommunity,decentfellowfeeling,fairness.5)The English are at heart and at root animaginativepeopleimmediatelyresponsivetoanysuggestionofdramaintheirlives.Para.1-3TheEnglisharedifferentdrawon:takeoruseasasource如果新闻记者无法取得素材，他们有时会凭想象来写他们的新闻报道。Ifnewspapermencantgetfacts,theysometimesdrawontheirimaginations.他所写的故事素材来源于他童年时代的记忆。Hedrawsonhischildhoodmemoriesforthematerialsofhisstories.在制定计划时我们要吸收工人们的意见。Inmakingplanswemustdrawonworkerssuggestions.nodoubt:certainly;(colloq.)veryprobably,Isuppose无疑地他原意是要帮忙，不料把事情弄得更糟。Nodoubthemeanttohelp,buthehasmadethingsworse.我想你一定累了吧，我给你煮杯咖啡。Youretired,nodoubt.Illmakeyouacupofcoffee.Wrong:*Itisnodoubtthathellcome.Right:Thereisnodoubtthathellcome.OR:Nodoubthellcome.safetosay:ifitissafetosaysomething，itmaybesaidwithoutexaggerationorfalsehood可以肯定地说，可以保险地说例：Astowhetherhecangetahighscoreintheexam，itishardtosay,butitissafetosaythathewillpassit至于他在考试中能不能拿到高分，不好说，但是可以肯定的是他能通过这项考试。可以有把握的说，今天所出售的每一个硬盘都比老一代的硬盘高级得多。Itissafetosaythateachandeveryharddrivesellingtodayisfarsuperiortoolder-generationdrives.outofscale:outofproportion不成比例，不相称在这幅画中这只狗头的比例不相称。Thedogsheadisoutofscaleinthispainting它的各个部分看起来有些不合比例。Itspartslooksomehowoutofscale.inscale:合乎比例，相称这栋房子和周围的环境很谐调。Thehouselooksquiteinscalewithitssurroundings.Para.413TheFutureoftheEnglishhangsupon(1)ThefinalresultofabattlebetweenAdmassandEnglishness.(Para.46)Para.4ThestrikingcontrastbetweenadmassandEnglishnesstoshowhowinevitablethebattleis.Admass1.Alreadyconqueredmostofthewesternworld2.receivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,DeutschmarksandtherestforpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaignsEnglishness1.ailingandimpoverished2.innopositiontoreceivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,Deutschmarksandtherestforpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaigns3.offersmoreandmorethingsformoreandmoremoney,createstheso-called“GoodLife”4.operatesintheoutervisibleworld5.aposterinfullcolour3.offersstatesofmindinplaceofthatrichvarietyofthins4.belongtotheinvisibleinnerworld5.apoorshadowyshow,afaintpencilsketchhang(up)on:dependon我们是否继续进行那件事取决于他们讨论的结果。Whetherwewillgoonwithithangsontheoutcomeoftheirdiscussion.这是一个生死攸关的问题。Itisaquestionuponwhichlifeanddeathhangs.keep/stayclearof:avoid;havenothingtodowith:如果你开车，就不要沾酒。Youshouldkeepclearofalcoholifyouredriving.你不要和那家伙来往。Youshouldstayclearofthatfellow.我得了流感，请离我远点。Pleasestayclearofme,asIhavetheflu.ina/nopositiontodosth.:beable/unabletodosthorbequalifiedto/benotqualifiedtodo很遗憾，关于你的提升我帮不上忙。IregretIminnopositiontodoanythingaboutyourpromotion.(ornotinaposition)我们也许可以帮助你。Wemaybeinapositiontohelpyou.美国没有能力攻打伊朗,因为它在阿富汗的冲突中陷入了泥潭。TheUnitedStatesisinnopositiontoattackIranbecauseitisboggeddownintheconflictinAfghanistan.stateofmind:moodoroutlook心态（心情、精神状态）inastateofmind:inananxiousstateofmind心急如焚inaconfusedstateofmind心神恍惚；心乱如麻她好像心神不定。Shedoesntseemtobeinacalmstateofmind.Para.5TheconflictbetweenAdmassandEnglishness.Admass:WhatiscentraltoAdmassistheproductionandconsumptionofgoods.DissatisfactionisembeddedinAdmassRuthlesscompetitivenessTakemanonlyasaproducerandconsumerDependence upon dissatisfaction,greed andenvyEnglishness:WithitsrelationtotheunconsciousDependenceuponinstinctandintuitionAdherence to the past and deep longrootsNothostiletochangeanddeeplysuspiciousofchangeforchangessakeRejectingbeingcommittedtosomeinevitablemechanicalprogresstime-and-motion study or Taylorism(泰勒主义）:A time and motion study(or time-motion study)is a business efficiency technique combining the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.It is a major part of Scientific management(Taylorism).A time and motion study(or time-motion study).A time and motion study would be used to reduce the number of motions in performing a task in order to increase productivity.The best known experiment involved bricklaying.Through carefully observing a bricklayers job,Frank Gilbreth reduced the number of motions in laying a brick from 18 to about 5.Hence the bricklayer both increased productivity and decreased fatigue.tocommitoneselfto/tobecommittedto:tomakeoneselfresponsiblefor;toundertake承诺，承担;保证，许诺政府已经允诺减轻赋税。Thegovernmenthascommitteditselftoreduce(reducing)taxes.我们保证保护你们网上的私密。Wearecommittedtoprotectingyourprivacyonline.Para.6WhileEnglishnesscanstillfighton,Admasscouldbewinning.Paraphrase:ImustaddthatWhileEnglishnesscanstillfighton,Admasscouldbewinning.ImustfurthersaythatwhileEnglishnesscangoonfighting,thereisagreatpossibilityofAdmasswinning.Reasons:NotalltheEnglishholdfasttoEnglishnessSome important and influential men carefullytrainthemselvesoutofitAhordeofothers,shallowandfoolish,wanderawayformitThespiritsofageisworkingforAdmassMost of what we read and what we hear isworkingforAdmassInflationprovedthatweneedmoreandnotlessAdmasshorde:alargegrouporcrowdofHordesofstudentsonbikesmadecrossingtheroaddifficult.inhordes(informal):inverygreatnumbersFootballfansturnedupinhordes.shrugoff:rejectordismisswithashrug,dismissasnotdeservingonesattention她能把烦恼置于脑后而依旧保持微笑。Shecouldshrugoffhertroublesandkeepsmiling.他不理睬我的批评，好像我的批评不值得他一顾似的。Heshruggedoffmycriticismasthoughitwerebeneathhisnotice.Para.78(2)TheFutureoftheEnglishrestsuponthe decision made by English workerstogetherwiththepeopleonthemanagementsidewhowillhavetoputanend to the conflict between Admass andEnglishness.tosweatonesgutsout/tosweatblood(informal):toworkunusuallyhard他急切地想玩命干一整天再挣50美元。Hewaseagertosweathisgutsoutalldayforanother50dollars.那个运动员早就明白如果他签了一个双边协议他就得为了取得某个成绩而豁出命去干。Theplayerknewbeforethatifhesignedabilateralcontracthewouldsweathisgutsouttoachievesomething.为了按时完成他的论文，杰姆拼命工作。Jimsweatedbloodtofinishhisdissertationontime.Para.9(3)TheFutureoftheEnglishhangsuponmen and women who are strong-mindedenoughtoholdtheEnglishnessandrejectAdmassPara.9ontheincrease/decrease/rise/decline:goingonincreasing/在中国老年人口正在以三个百分点的速度增加。Thepopulationofagedpeopleisontheincreaseattherateof3%inChina.台北的交通事故不断增加。TrafficaccidentsinTaipeiareon the increase.随着现代化城市建设的发展，北京的四合院已经在不断减少。Withthedevelopmentofmodernurbanconstruction,quadranglesinBeijinghavebeenon the decrease.Para.10(4)The Future of the English dependsupon the quieter young,who under theinfluenceofoneortwoofthoseprofessionalmenandwomen,far-sightedenoughtothinkwhatlifewouldbelikeinthefuture.conformto:beinagreementwith;actinaccordancewith我们应该努力使我们做的一切工作都达到高标准。Weshouldseetoitthatallworkdoneconformstohighstandards.所有的学生都必须遵守校规。Allstudentsmustconformtotherules.standupto:faceboldly,confront,resist,withstand探险队决心勇敢地面对最危险的情况。Theexploringteamwasdeterminedtostanduptothemostdangerouscircumstances.那就是他们经受不住任何严峻考验的原因。Thatiswhytheycannotstanduptoanyserioustest.Para,11(5)The Future of the English can notdependsontheSLOPPYPEOPLEclearout(informal):toleaveaplace警察在追你，你最好离开这里。Thepoliceareafteryou,youdbetterclearout.我的房东给我一个星期的时间要我搬出公寓。Mylandlordsgivenmeaweektoclearoutofmyflat.messaround(UKalsomessabout)(informal):tospendtimedoingvariousthingsthatarenotimportant,withoutanyparticularpurposeorplan；tobehaveinastupidorannoyingway鬼混，闲混；胡闹Theyspendtheirweekendsmessingaroundontheirboat.他们周末在船上虚度时光。messaroundwithsb(mainlyUSinformal):Ifamarriedmanorwomanmessesaroundwithsomeone,theyhaveasexualrelationshipwithsomeonewhoisnottheirwifeorhusband.Shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasmessingaroundwithhissecretary.messaroundwithsth(UKalsomessaboutwithsth)informal:touseortreatsomethinginacarelessorharmfulway瞎弄，乱搞；Idontwanthimcominginhereandmessingaroundwithourcomputers.剪刀不要乱玩。Nevermessaroundwithscissors.Para.12BoredomisaMENACEHeavilyindustriallysocietyofferboringworkshatterslowrhythms,traditionalskills,closelyknitcommunitiesofruralsocietiescrowd and excite people by promises thatcannotbekeptBoredomBoredomidiot vandalism,frustration,ferociousrobberywithviolence,viciouscriminalityPara.13Otherreasons:1.Iagos“putmoneyinthypurse”;2.Thefalsenotionthattheworldowesyousomethingwhileyouoweitnothing;3.Theotherideathatsolongasyouarenotfoundout,thenallwillbewellPara.1415EnglishisStillWithUs4.English is still with us.But it needsreinforcement,extranourishment.1)Onahiddenlevel,thereremainsofacharacteristicallyEnglishsenseofcommunity,decentfellowfeeling,fairness.2)Englishnesscannotbefedwiththeeastwind of a narrow rationality,the latestfigures of profit and loss,a constantappealtoself-interest.3)English are at heart and at root animaginativepeopleimmediatelyresponsivetoanysuggestionofdramaintheirlives.Question:“Andthisistrue,whethertheyarewearingbowler hatsorungovernable mops of hair.”Therhetoricaldeviceusedinthissentenceis_.“bowler hats”isstandingfor_.“ungovernable mops of hair”isstandingfor_.ThewritersvoiceTofacethefutureproperlytheyneedbothadirectionandatreatlifeoftheheart.Aratherpoorerandharderwayoflifewillnotdefeatthemsolongasitisnotharderandpoorerinspirit,solongasitstillrefusestorejectEnglishness-forsomanycenturiesthe secret of the islanders oddity andirrationality,theirmanyweaknesses,theircreativestrength.OrganizationPattern1)Thethesisstatedinthetitleoftheessay2)The structural organization of this essay:loose3)A quite informal piece of argument whichappeals more to the emotion of his Englishreaders4)Weakness:insufficient evidence to supportthewritersposition,andhisreasoningonsomepointsnotlogicallysoundStyleandLanguageFeatures1)Smoothandpolished2)Readableandinformal3)It is the instinctive andintuitive feelings not rationalreasoningthatshapeandcolorsthestyleoftheessay.4)UseofvariousrhetoricaldevicesMetaphorSimileEllipsisMetonymyEuphemismSpecialDifficulties1)Identifying and understanding BritishEnglishinthisessay2)Understandingsomecolloquialism3)Paraphrasingsomesentences4)Identifyingfiguresofspeech5)Understandingsomeimportantterms