It的用法初中版.doc

It的用法
知识网络
“it”在中学英语中出现频率高，用法复杂，学生不易掌握，但把它从下面几个方面归纳之后，学起来就比较容易了。。
一、 指代人或事（物）
1. 一般情况下，it指代人以外的事物，指代上文提到过的单数名词，译为“它”。
如：Where is the eraser?Have you seen it?
What’s this?It is a car.
2. 有时也可指心目中不太清楚的那个人；指代child，baby等性别不太清楚的名词；指代someone和somebody等代表人的不行代词。
如：Who is that man at the door?It is the postman.
The woman will have a baby next month.She hopes it will be a boy.
Someone is knocking at the door.Who is it?
3. 指上、下文提到的事情。
如：It will be a pity if you don’t pass the exam.(It指if从句所提到的事)
Mary is often late for school.It makes her teacher angry.(it指上文提到的玛丽上学经常迟到这件事)
4. 指时间、天气、气候、距离等，“it”通常不译出来。
如：It is half past eight,and it is time for class.
It looks like snow.
It is warm in spring.
It is five minute’s walk from the school to the bus stop.

二、 用作形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或主语从句等真正主语。真正的主语后置。
如：It is impossible to do morning exercise.
=To do morning exercise is important.
It is no use/good talking about it with her.
=Talking about it with her is no use/good.
It is impossible that we can finish the work in a short time.
=That we can finish the work in a short time is impossible.

三、 用作形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或宾语从句等真正宾语。真正的宾语后置。
如：He found it difficult to learn English well.
=He found to learn English well difficult.
I consider it good using the computer.
=I consider using the computer good.
We feel it strange that nobody wants to go there.
=We feel that nobody wants to go there strange.
注意：能用这种结构作宾语的动词常见的有：think,consider,find,feel,make等。
四、 用在特殊句型中。
如：It seems/appears that he has known the result of the exam.
看起来/似乎他已经指导了考试的结果。
It happened that he wasn’t there that day.
碰巧他那天不在那里。

五、 it与one和that的区别。
One表示泛指，it和that表示特指；it与所指的名词为同一个，that与所指的名词为同一类，但不是同一个。
如：I can’t find my pen,I want to buy one.(泛指)
I can’t find my pen,I don’t know who took it away.(同一个)
The pen you bought is better than that I bought.(同一类)
注意：that可用the one来代替。

范例解密
( )1.I don’t like June in Wuhan.______ is too hot in June.
A.This B.That C.It D.One

( )2.He put umbrella behind the door,but ______ isn’t there now.
A.that B.it C.one D.this

( )3.—Would you like some apples?—Yes,bing me _________.
A.that B.one C.it D.this

( )4.—Would you like some tea?—Yes,I’d like _______.
A.that B.one C.it D.this

( )5.The price of a watch is higher than _____ of a pen.
A.one B.this C.that D.it

( )6.Is ______ necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?
A.everyone B.this C.that D.it

( )7.I don’t think ______ possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.
A.this B.that C.its D.it

( )8.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A.this B.that C.he D.it

( )9.Tom’s mother kept telling that he should work harder,but ______ didn’t help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it

( )10.I hope there are enough glasses for each visitor to have ________.
A.it B.those C.them D.one

点击思路
1. 答案为C.此时it指天气。
2. 答案为B.it是指前面提到的同一把伞。
3. 答案为B.one在此表泛指。
4. 答案为A.tea是不可数名词，one指代可数名词的单数，故选that。
5. 答案为C.只有that能跟后面的定语。
6. 答案为D.it作形式主语，to引导的不定式是真正的主语。
7. 答案为D.it作形式宾语，to learn....是真正的宾语。
8. 答案为D.学生非常熟悉it doesn’t matter 这一句型。这题是疑问句，it是matter的主语，指代后面it句子所说的事。
9. 答案为D.it指代前一句所说的事。
10. 答案为D.one 指代one of the glasses。该句意思是：我希望有足够的玻璃杯使每位参观者有一个。

模例拷贝题
一、 选择填空
( )1. This is my biology book.______ cover is already missing.
A.That B.One C.Its D.It

( )2.It won’t _______ me much time to correct the paper.
A.spend B.take C.use D.pay

( )3._______ is impossible for us to keep the pet ______ a long time.
A.That,such B.This,for C.All,/ D.It,such

( )4.______ is clear that fish can’t live _______ water.
A.That,without B.This,with C.It,without D.That,with

( )5.The population of Beijing is the same as ______ of Shanghai.
A.one B.this C.that D.it

( )6.He always helps others.______ is why we like him.
A.this B.that C.it D.man

( )7.Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A.this B.that C.it D.man

( )8.—Do you want the teacup?
—Yes,I want _______.
A.one B.it C.either D.that
( )9.—Will you go home tomorrow evening?
—No,I’m going to a lecture,or at least,I’m planing _______.
A.so B.to C.it D.that

( )10.Is _________ necessary to finish the design before Christmas?
A.that B.it C.this D.he

( )11._______ unlikely that we shall get there in time.
A.That appears B.It appears C.That’s appeared D.It’s appeared

( )12.It was a surprise _______ that I was invited to the party.
A.to tell B.being told C.to be told D.that be told

( )13.The nights in winter are longer than _______ in summer.
A.that B.one C.those D.ones

( )14.________ going on with the work.
A.It doesn’t seem much use B.It isn’t much use
C.That is useless D.That isn’t much use

( )15.“Who is knocking at the door?”“_______ me,Tom.”
A.I’m B.It’s C.That’s D.This is

( )16.I think ______ good for you to do so.
A.that is B.it’s C.that D.this

( )17.This is an important matter.I need at least a day or two _________.
A. Of thinking over it B.to think it over
C.of thinking it over D.to think over it

( )18.The bird builds ______ nest in the tree.
A.her B.it’s C.its D.hers

( )19.______ took me three years to finish writing this book.
A.That B.This C.It D.What

( )20.His camera is more expensive than _______.
A.hers B.her C.it D.its

( )21.________ is real that English is widely used all over the world.
A.There B.This C.That D.It

( )22.I hate _____ when people talk with their months full.
A.it B.that C.these D.this
( )23.—Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have _________?
A.it B.that C.one D.this

( )24.—Dad,I’ve just seen only one copy of FOOTBALL at that newsstand.
—Go and buy ________ back,Bob.
A.one B.other C.it D.this

( )25._________ happened that a fire broke out last night.
A.That B.It C.This D.What

二、 句型转换。
1. It seems to be very happy.(改为否定句)
It ________ ________ to be very happy.
2. We young water the young trees well.(改为被动语态)
They young trees ______ ______ ______ well.
3. Both Wei Hua and Ann are on the team.(用either.....or改写)
______ Wei Hua ______ Ann _______ on the team.
4. The boy has to take the medicine three times a day.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the boy _______ to take the medicine?
5. There is something wrong with my car.(改为一般疑问句)
_______ _______ _______ wrong with your car?

三、 完形填空
Peter’s father took him to see the Golden Gate bridge.He first saw it 1 far away.How big it looked! 2 then he saw something else. The bridge was red! “The bridge isn’t golden.Why is it 3 the Golden Gate Bridge?”asked Peter.
"It isn't named 4 its colour,It's named for the Golden Gate."said his father.
"What's the Golden Gate"?asked Peter.
"A gate is 5 an opening,or a thing that closes an opening," said his father."The Golden Gate is an opening 6 the land.Water from the sea comes 7 this opening into San Francisco Bay."
"Oh," said peter."And the bridge is 8 the opening.But why is the opening called the Golden Gate?"
"Years ago men came California to 9 gold.Many came by ship.They came 10 the bay through that opening.For them it was a gate 11 gold.So they named it the Golden Gate"
"Well,”said Peter, “I still think the bridge 12 look golden."
When Peter 13 home,he sent a letter to a California paper. 14 the letter he wrote:"Red is not the 15 colour for the Golden Gate Bridge.The bridge should look golden,the way most people think it does.”

( )1.A.very B.from C.for D.so
( )2.A.So B.And C.But D.Or
( )3.A.called B.built C.coloured D.made
( )4.A.because B.if C.for D.of
( )5.A.either B.neither C.and D.or
( )6.A.on B.into C.in D.不填
( )7.A.in B.from C.to D.through
( )8.A.on B.over C.under D.below
( )9.A.look after B.look up C.look for D.look into
( )10.A.from B.into C.for D.towards
( )11.A.with B.to C.for D.不填
( )12.A.should B.must C.must be D.should be
( )13.A.left B.got C.leaves D.gets
( )14.A.At B.From C.On D.In
( )15.A.right B.wrong C.good D.bad

四、 阅读理解
A
A young American doctor was sleeping when suddenly his doorbell began to ring. It was already midnight, but what could the doctor do? He had to get up, put on his coat and go downstairs.
When he opened the door, he saw a man standing with a hat in his hand. “How do you do?” said the man,“ Can you come at once to a place out of town? It’s quite far but you have a car and I can show you the way.”
“Certainly,” said the doctor, “I’m quite ready. I can come at once.” After a few minutes the car was standing at the front door, the man got into the doctor’s car, and they drove off.
They drove on for a long time. Then the man said, “Here we are. This is my home. Now I can pay you and you can go back to town.”
“I must see the patient. How can I go back without seeing the patient?”
“There is no patient,” explained the man. “Nobody is ill. I live here, you see, and one must get home from a town, mustn’t he? There are no taxis this time of the night, but a doctor often makes night calls, so excuse me. Here is money. Thank you, doctor. Good night.”
( )1.The doctor ____ when the doorbell started to ring.

A．was sleeping upstairs B．was sleeping downstairs
C．was working upstairs D．was working downstairs

( )2.The man asked the doctor _____.
A．to go out for a walk with him B．to go to a place out of town
C．to see a patient D．to go for a vacation

( )3.They left _____.
A．on foot B．by bike C.at once D.after a few minutes

( )4.What the man wanted to do was only _____.
A. to fool the doctor B. to give the doctor money
C. to get home in the doctor’s car D to play a joke on the doctor

( )5.The doctor was ______ when he heard the man’s words.
A. happy B. angry C. sad D sorry

B
Some people have sailed around the world in quite small boats. It is not an easy thing to do. Sometimes the weather gets bad. That can be the end of everyone in it. Accidents can happen easily and quickly.
One family once had an accident with some big fish.The fish swam under their boat and bit holes in it.Sea water came in,of course,and the boat soon went down. However,these people had another small boat-a lifeboat,and they all got into that.They lived and hoped for many days.They ate and slept, and they always hoped.....At last a ship found them.
How do people live in a very small lifeboat? Perhaps for weeks or months? They must be strong in every way. They must have hope-they want to live. But you cannot eat and drink hope.
You cannot drink sea water. Drink a lot of sea water and you will quickly die. Sailors can drink rain water. They must catch rain water in their boat. They must also catch fish and birds for food.Lifeboats do not carry a cooker, and so the sailors cannot cook their food.Raw fish and bird meat is not very nice. But there is no other choice in a lifeboat! The sailors must eat raw food, or they will die.
What do people think about in a life boat'？ They think about land, a warm bed,dry clothes, fresh water and food, food, food.
( )6.When sailors' boat sinks, their lifeboat gives them _________.
A. food B. beds C. rainwater D. Hope

( )7. One family once had an accident at sea, because _________.
A. their boat was caught in bad weather
B. some fish bit through the bottom of their boat
C. the boat knocked against a rock and sea water came in
D. none of them knew how to sail in the sea

( )8.Sailors can catch _________ for food and drink at sea in a lifeboat.
A. rain water B. fish and birds
C. both sea water and rain water D. both A and B

( )9.Lifeboats do not often carry a cooker, which is _________.
A. something used for cooking B. food for cooking
C. a large basket D. a person who cooks food

( )10.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Sailing around the world in quite small boats is not easy.
B. All the food sailors have in a lifeboat is cooked fish and bird meat.
C. Anyone who drinks a lot of sea water will die.
D. No one can live for weeks in a lifeboat if he is strong and doesn’t want to live.

C

The students in Shanghai No.3 Girls High School have a flower-arrangement lesson every week. The course is the first of its kind among middle schools in Shanghai. It helps the students to better en-joy the beauty of flowers. That's why the course has become very popular among the students.
The teachers of the course are very good at this art,and a number if students in the class have won prizes in Shanghai.In order to further develop the stude