Image&Symbol文学原理教程课件.ppt

Image&SymbolImage 意象-The representation of sense experience through figurative language.One image is frequently the result of the cooperation of the several senses.Visual-Pertaining to sightOlfactory-Pertaining to smellTactile-Pertaining to touchAuditory-Pertaining to hearing Gustatory-Pertaining to tasteEg:SpringVisual sense-Green grass&treesAuditory sense-Twittering birds&whispering brooksOlfactory sense-Sweet flowers&fresh airGustatory sense-Delicious fruits&vegetables available in springTactile sense-Supple branches&twigsKinesthetic sense-Fluttering movement of butterflies in the air Image-the soul Of Language-the body PoetryImagery-A meaningful whole formed by all the images in a poem.Functions:Creating the atmosphere;Providing an internal pattern;Focusing the theme of the poem.Creating the atmosphereEg:Once upon a midnight dreary,while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded,nearly napping,suddenly there came a tapping,As if some one gently rapping,rapping at my chamber door.“Tis some visitor,”I muttered,“tapping at my chamber door-Only this,and nothing more.”-The first stanza in Poes“The Raven”A dreary midnight;A weary young man by himself;reading some unusual ancient book of legendary happenings;in drowsiness;Tapping at the door.Setting up a Gothic atmosphere.Providing an internal poem.Eg:“Because I could not stop for Death-He kindly stopped for me-The Carriage held but just Ourselves-And Immortality.We slowly drove-He knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility-We passed the School,where Children stroveAt Recess-in the Ring-We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain-We passed the Setting Sun-Or rather-He passed Us-The Dews drew quivering and chill-For only Gossamer,my Gown-My Tippet-only Tulle-We paused before a House that seemedA swelling of the Ground-The Roof was scarcely visible-The Cornice-in the Ground-Since then-tis Centuries-and yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses HeadsWere toward Eternity-”The image of death,personified by capitalization driving a carriage Foretelling the poem -a“journey poem”Pre-orientating the interpretation of “the School”“Children”“the Setting Sun”“Swelling of the Ground”The images governed by the image of“Death”.Constitute the internal pattern of the poem.Largely determine the interpretation of the whole poem.Focusing the theme of the poem.Eg:The Road Not Taken(Robert Frost)Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler,long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that,the passing there Has worn them really about the same.And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,and I-I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.The image of the roads brings the theme of the poem into focus.“Road”-Life Choice2.Symbol 象征-A special kind of image,for it exceeds the image in the richness of its connotations.IMAGERY:Language that appeals to the senses.Descriptions of people or objects stated in terms of our senses.Imagery is when a writer uses the sensesto make pictures in the readers mind.The fundamental difference between an image and a symbol is that an image actually resembles what it represents.A symbol,however,neither resembles nor is causally connected with what it represents.Images are non-arbitrary shapes,the shape of an image is a replica of the actual object.Alternativley symbols are arbitrary shapes to which we give meaning.For example the symbol-DOG-does in no way resemble a four legged animal which barks!However the way symbols are interpreted is heavily dependent upon context,environment,culture etc.No symbol has a fixed or inherent meaning.For example PLAIN has a differentr meaning depending on the context it is in-i.e.THE FOOD TASTES VERY PLAIN and THE SUN SHONE ON THE DESERTED PLAIN.To English people the symbol CHAT means to talk,whereas the French take it to mean what we call a cat.意象运用：透过具体可见的形象，以传达幽微、复杂、不可见的感觉经验。类似意象的重复出现，往往会凝塑出象征和暗示的效果。（如张爱玲小说中的日、月和镜子；白先勇永远的尹雪艳中的白色意象；锺阿城棋王中棋的意象；朱玖辉三十三岁的多余周末和吊娃娃机的光荣中各类的数字意象等）。楼下那口听话的钟，开始响起用膳的信号。钟声传来，一家之主把他的双手插进缀有铜扣的蓝色大衣后面的大口袋里，不等钟声再响，便独自大步走下楼梯，回头对四个女的皱了皱眉。（撒克里浮华世界）由四川过湖南去，靠东有一条官路。这将近湘西边境，到了一个地方名叫茶峒的小山城时，有一小溪，溪边有座白色小塔，塔下住了一户单独的人家。这人家只一个老人，一个女孩子，一只黄狗。（翠翠）人又那么乖，和山头黄麂一样，从不想到残忍的事，从不发愁，从不动气。远处鼓角已起来了，她知道绘有朱红长线的龙船这时节已下河了。细雨还依然落个不止，溪面一片烟。可是到了冬天，那倒圯坍了的白塔，又重新修好了，那个在月下唱歌、使翠翠在睡梦里为歌声把灵魂轻轻浮起的青年还不曾回到荼峒来。这个人也许永远不会回来了，也许明天回来！（沈从文边城）振保听见烟鹂进房来，才踏进房门，他便把小柜上的台灯热水瓶一扫扫下地去，豁朗朗跌得粉碎。他弯腰拣起台灯的铁座子，连着电线向她掷过去，她疾忙翻身向外逃。振保觉得她完全被打败了，得意之极，立在那里无声地笑着，静静的笑从他眼里流出来，像眼泪似的流了一脸。（张爱玲红玫瑰与白玫瑰）他结婚很晚，以前当然也有过艳遇，不过生平也还是对翠芝最有知己之感，也憧憬得最久。这时候灯下相对，晚风吹着米黄色厚呢窗帘，像个女人的裙子在风中鼓荡着，亭亭地，姗姗地，像要进来又没进来。窗外的夜色漆黑。那幅长裙老在半空中徘徊着，彷佛随时就要走了，而过门不入，两人看着都若有所失，有此生虚度之感。（张爱玲半生缘）我心里忽然有一种很古的东西涌上来，喉咙紧紧地往上走。读过的书，有的近了，有的远了，模糊了。平时十分佩服的项羽、刘邦都在目瞪口呆，倒是尸横遍野的那些黑脸士兵，从地上爬起来，哑了喉咙，慢慢移动。一个樵夫，提了斧在野唱。忽然又彷佛见了棋呆子的母亲，用一双弱手一页一页地折书页。（锺阿城棋王）金大班穿了一件黑纱金丝相间的紧身旗袍，一个大道士髻梳得乌光水滑的高耸在头顶上；耳坠、项链、手串、发针、金碧辉煌的挂满了一身，她脸上早已酒意盎然，连眼皮盖都泛了红。娘个冬采！金大班走进化妆室把手皮包豁琅一声摔到了化妆台上，一屁股便坐在一面大化妆镜前，狠狠的啐了一口。好个没见过世面的赤佬！左一个夜巴黎，右一个夜巴黎。说起来不好听，百乐门里那间厕所只怕比夜巴黎的舞池还宽敞些呢，童得怀那付脸嘴在百乐门掏粪坑未必有他的份。（白先勇金大班的最后一夜）也或许前世倒人家太多底帐，懂事以来，万发就一直地给钱困住；娶阿好后，日子过得尤其没见到好处来。阿爹死后，分了三四分园地，什么菜什么草他们都种过了，什么菜什么草都不肯长出土来。一年栽植肺炎草，很顺风底，一日高一日，瞧着要挖一笔了。那年爆发了一次狂澜很非常的雨水，园地给冲走，肺炎草水葬到那里去，也不知识底。不久便忙着逃空袭。就在此时他患上耳病。洗身底时候耳朵进了污水，据他自己说。空袭中觅不到大夫，他也不以为有关紧要。后来痛得实在不堪，方去找一位医生帮忙，那大夫学妇科底，便运用医妇女那地方底方法大医特医起他底耳，算技术有一点底，只把他治得八分聋而已。（王祯和嫁妆一牛车）除了季节交会的那几天之外，将军已经无视于时间的存在了。他通常在半夜起床，走上阳台，向满园阒暗招摇的花木挥手微笑，以示答礼。到了黄昏时刻，他就举起望远镜，朝太平山一带扫视良久，推断土共或日本鬼子宿营的据点。如果清晨没有起雾和落雨的话，他总是穿戴整齐，从淡泊园南门沿小路上山，看看多年以后他的老部下们为他塑建的大理石纪念碑。（张大春将军碑）