英语A级语法点讲解.ppt

AB级级语语法知法知识识点点1-虚拟语气虚虚拟语拟语气，用来表达气，用来表达说话说话人的愿望、人的愿望、请请求、求、意意图图建建议议、惊奇、惊奇、设设想等。而不表示客想等。而不表示客观观存存在的事在的事实实。I wish I were a bird.Look at those doves flying across the sky in the strong sunlight.I wish I were a white cloud giving them cool shade.If I were you,I shouldnt do it.2-虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿，命令等。谓语动词要用动词动词原形原形。1.表示祝愿：eg.Long live the Peoples Republic of China!May you be happy all your life!2.表示命令：eg.Everybody leave the room!Let one of you go and tell her to come.3-虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法1.在条件状条件状语语从句中的用法：A.表示与现现在事在事实实相反的情况条件从句的条件从句的动词动词形式形式主句的主句的动词动词形式形式If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+行行为动词为动词的的过过去式（去式（be的的过过去式去式一般用一般用were。在。在he,she,或或it等后，也可用等后，也可用was。）。）I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/would/might/could+动词动词原形原形4-If I had more time,I should study German.If she were(was)not so busy,she would attend the meeting this afternoon.If they didnt take the physical exercises every day,they wouldnt be so healthy.If you went to bed earlier,you would not be so sleepy in the morning.5-B.表示与过过去事去事实实相反的情况条件从句的条件从句的动词动词形式形式主句的主句的动词动词形式形式If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过过去去分分词词I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/would/might/could+have+过过去去分分词词6-If you had taken the old experienced workers advice,you wouldnt have failed in the experiment.I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterdays examination.He would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.7-C 表示与将来事将来事实实相反的情况条件从句的条件从句的动词动词形式形式主句的主句的动词动词形式形式1.If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+行行为动词过为动词过去式去式(be的的过过去式一般用去式一般用were)通常要与通常要与一个表示将来的一个表示将来的时间时间状状语连语连用。用。2.If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should+动词动词原形。原形。3.If I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词动词原形。原形。I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/could/might/would+动词动词原形原形8-If it rained tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.If I saw him tomorrow,I would pass your note to him.If it should rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.If it were to rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off.She might come back and start off again the day after tomorrow if she were to miss the train tomorrow.9-注意注意：用虚用虚拟语拟语气表示条件从句，可以放在主气表示条件从句，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但所表达的意句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但所表达的意义侧义侧重点不同。如主句在前，重点不同。如主句在前，强强调调“结结果果”；如；如从句在前，从句在前，强强调调“条件条件”。按。按汉语习惯汉语习惯，通常条，通常条件从句在前，主句在后。不件从句在前，主句在后。不论论英文主从句的前英文主从句的前后，后，汉语汉语翻翻译译不不变变。10-2.在主主语语从句从句中的用法：通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达虚拟语气。在主语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，表示什么是必要，重要，奇怪等具体内容。It is necessary(important,natural,strange,essential,urgent,surprising)that we should clean the room every day.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder)that you should be so careless.should 意为应该，竟然，可以省去，但不可换成would。11-3.在某些欲望动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,suggest,advice,prefer,agree,expert,intend,recommend,ask,decide,object,persist,determine等后面的宾语宾语从句从句用(should)+动词原型.We suggested that we should have a meeting.We insisted that they go with us.The doctor ordered that she stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we should start right away.12-4.在It is(high,about)time that+宾语宾语从句从句中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示该做某事了 的意思，这也是一种虚拟语气。It is time we got up.(should get up)It is high time our athletes showed (should show)their best.It is time(that)we started.13-情情态动词态动词have+p.p.1.should/ought to+have done/have been doing 表示本来表示本来应该应该做某事却没有做做某事却没有做You should/ought to have asked my permission first.You shouldnt have been resting at that time of day.2.must+have+have done/have been doing 表示表示对过对过去事去事态态的一种猜的一种猜测测（可（可对对可可错错）只用于肯只用于肯定句。否定句和疑定句。否定句和疑问问句需用句需用cant和和can.Her eyes are red.She must have been crying.You must have left your handbag in the theatre.14-3.may/might/can/could+have done/have been doing 表示表示过过去的去的”可能可能”She could have missed the train.might/could+have done/have been doing有有时时可以表示本来可能可以表示本来可能发发生但没有生但没有发发生，或者生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的本来可能完成却没有完成的动动作。作。You might have killed yourself.I could have passed the examination,but I failed.15-Ex:1.The representative of the company demanded that part of the agreement _ revised.A.will be B.is C.to be D.be2.It is required that anyone applying for a drivers license _ a set of tests.A.take B.takes C.took D.will take3.Tom _the party as no one saw him there yesterday evening.A.cant attend B.mustnt attend C.Wont have attended D.couldnt have attendedDAD16-4.It is most desirable that he _ for the information by himself with a few clicks online.A.search B.searched C.has searched D.will search5.This ATM has been out of service for a few days.It should _ last week.A.fix B.be fixed C.have fixed D have been fixedAD17-6.The boy passed the final exams.But if he had spent more time on them,the results(be)_much better.7.If he had taken his lawyers advice,he(save)_himself a great deal of trouble.8.He might have been killed in that car accident yesterday if he(take)_ part in that activity with the team.would have beenwould have savedhad taken18-8.He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he(fasten)_ the seat belt.9.It is important that he(be)_ called back immediately.10.It is required that every employee(come)_in their uniform before 8:30a.m.11.Jack must(go)_ away we cant find him anywhere in the factory.had fastenedbecomehave gone19-12.I think its high time we _measures to protect the environment.A.took B.will take C.take D.have taken13.Youd better take an umbrella in case it _.A.will rain B.shall rain C.should rain D.would rain14.The suggestion that we _ a meeting next Friday is very good.A.will have B.would have C.have D.shall haveACC20-分词（短语）做状语分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=when the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)表示时间。21-现在分词与过去分词的区别1.语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词 的过去分词表示被动概念。an exciting speech 振奋人心的演讲 the excited boy 感到兴奋的男孩2.时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般 是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的 动作，往往是已经完成的动作。the changing world 正在发生改变的世界 the changed world 已经起了变化的世界22-作原因状语作原因状语时,相当于as,since,because引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Deeply shocked,I decided never to speak to her again.Annoyed by the way she spoke to me,I left the office.Not knowing how to deal with the trouble of the computer,Martin had to ask his brother for help.Frightened by the sudden voice,her face turned pale.23-作条件状语作条件状语时,相当于if,unless引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Given another chance,he will do it much better.(if he was given another chance,)Turning to the right,you will find the bank.(If you turn to the right,)United we stand,divided we fall.24-作时间状语作作时间时间状状语时语时,相当于相当于when引引导导的从句的从句.(这类这类状状语语通常放在句子的通常放在句子的前半部分前半部分.)Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.(When they heard the news,)Seen from the hilltop,the view is fantastic.When leaving the airport,they waved again and again to us.Hearing a strange sound,they stopped talking.Seeing a car coming,they stepped aside.25-如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，则分词应放在句尾He opened the door,greeting his guests.She sat down,listening to their talk.26-作结果状语作结果状语时,相当于so that引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分.常译为“于是，所以，因而”）He turned off the lamp,seeing nothing.the Chinese filled every inch of space with products and sales people,leaving little or no room for potential customers.The old scientist died all of a sudden,leaving the project unfinished.27-作让步状语作让步状语时,相当于though,even if引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Granting his honesty,we still cant employ him.Wounded,the brave soldier continued to fight.Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasnt tried her best.Left alone,the boy will get into trouble.Working hard as he did,he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.28-作方式伴随状况状语此时不能用状语从句替换，但可改写成并列句He turned away disappeared.The old man walked down the hill,singing softly to himself.He hurried to the hall,followed by two guards.He stood by the door,looking out.They boy ran home,crying.He was sitting at the window,reading a newspaper.I stood at the bus stop,waiting for her.29-1._to find the proper job,he decided to give up job-hunting in this city.A.Failed B.Being failed C.To fail D.Having failed2.The proposal _,well have to make another decision about when to start the project.A.accepted B.accepting C.to accept D.be acceptedDA30-3._that Bob had got promoted,his friends came to congratulate him.A.Heard B.Having heard C.Hear D.To hear4._ how to deal with the trouble of the computer,Martin had to ask his brother for help.A.Not know B.Not known C.Not to know D.Not knowingBD31-5.(take)_ the financial difficulties into consideration,wed better put off the plan till next year.6.(Judge)_from last years experience,the coach knows he should not expect too much of his team.7.(watch)_by a crowd of people,Charles felt embarrassed and couldnt say a word.8.(impress)_by the young mans good qualifications,they offered him a job in their film.TakingJudgingWatchedImpressed32-分分词词（短（短语语）做定）做定语语分分词词（短（短语语）做定）做定语语放在名放在名词词或代或代词词后面起修后面起修饰饰作作用，用，-ed分分词词表示被表示被动动，-ing分分词词表示主表示主动动1.The tall building(complete)_ last month is our new classroom building.2.The children(play)_ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.3.The professor,(know)_ as a splendid speaker,was warmly received by the pletedplayingknown33-4.Thousands of products _ from crude oil are now in daily use.A.to make B.be make C.making D.made5.Its said the agreement _between the two companies last month will become effective from May 1st.A.to sign B.signed C.to be signed D.signingDB34-独立主格结构分分词词作状作状语时语时，其，其逻辑逻辑主主语语与句子的主与句子的主语应语应该该一致，否一致，否则则，分，分词应词应有自己的有自己的逻辑逻辑主主语语，构成分构成分词词的独立的独立结结构。独立主格构。独立主格结结构没有主构没有主语语和和谓语谓语，所以在，所以在语语法上不是句子。一般位法上不是句子。一般位于句首，有于句首，有时时也居句尾，表示伴随情况也居句尾，表示伴随情况时时，常位于句尾。常位于句尾。独立独立结结构：构：逻辑逻辑主主语语（名（名词词，代，代词词）+分分词词，可以表示可以表示时间时间，原因，条件，方式或伴随情，原因，条件，方式或伴随情况等。况等。35-Mary coming back,they discussed it together.All being well,the project will be finished in five months.Weather permitting,we shall go there on foot.Advice failing,we have to use force.She read the letter,tears rolling down her cheeks.She walked along the path,her daughter following close behind.36-This done,they went home.The table set,they began to dine.Good luck given,I will earn more money than all of you.Health and persistence given,one can do great things.He was lying on the grass,his hand crossed under his head.He returned three days later,his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces.37-1._,we went swimming in the river.A.The day being very hot B.It was a very hot day C.The day was very hot D.Being a very hot day2._,we shall go to the park.A.Time permitted B.Time is permitting C.Time permitting D.Permit time3.She watered the flowers,her husband _ the birds.A.is feeding B.feeding C.was feeding D.feedACB38-倒装倒装英英语语句子的自然句子的自然语语序是主序是主语语在前，在前，谓语谓语动词动词在后。把在后。把谓语动词谓语动词放在主放在主语语之前，之前，就叫做倒装就叫做倒装结结构。构。39-1.当句首状当句首状语为语为否定否定词词或或带带有否定意有否定意义义的的词语时词语时，引起倒装。引起倒装。On no account should you tell lies.Rarely does he go to the movies.Not often do they meet.Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.Not only was Churchill a statesman,but also a poet.Churchill.40-1.Not for a moment _the truth of your explanation about the event.A.we have doubted B.did we doubt C.we had doubted D.doubted we2.Not until yesterday _anything about the project that will be completed soon.A.did I learn B.have I learnt C.I learnt D.that I learnt3.He is used to flying by air and on no occasion _ frightened.A.he has ever felt B.he ever feels C.ever does he feel D.has he ever felt BAD41-常常见见的的词组词组：never rarely scarcely not not often not until on no account hardly when on no consideration in no circumstances under no circumstances in no way at no time by no means not infrequently not only but alsoseldom little hardly nowhere not a bit still less not on any account no sooner than neither (nor)not on ones life in no case in vain not once or twice42-2.句首状句首状语语若由若由“only副副词词”、“only介介词词组词词组”、“only状状语语分句分句”构成，引起倒装。构成，引起倒装。Only by being with you can I feel the meaning of life.Only because of a minor mistake has he been fired.Only in this way can we learn English well.Only after the accident did he become cautious.Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health.Only once have I seen him.Only by working hard can one succeed.43-1.Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home.A.will he realize B.he did realize C.did he realize D.should he realize2.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar _ write correctly.A.you will B.you can C.can you D.cant youCC44-3.在在sothat和和suchthat的句型中，的句型中，so和和such在句首在句首时时句中需要句中需要进进行倒装行倒装So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.Such was the force of explosion that all the window were broken.So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.45-1.So loudly _ that people could hear it out in the street.A.did the students play the music B.the students playing the music C.the students played the music D.have the students played the music 2.So _ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A.excited the mother was B.was the mother excited C.the mother was excited D.excited was the motherAD46-强强调调句句The man killed the president yesterday.It was the man who killed the president yesterday.It was the president who was killed by the man yesterday.It was yesterday that the man killed the president.It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary _ I went downtown yesterday.A.but B.and C.why D.thatD47-形容形容词词和副和副词词的比的比较较等等级级表示一方随着另一方的表示一方随着另一方的变变化而化而变变化化时时，用，用the+比比较级较级（主（主语语+谓语谓语），），the+比比较级较级（主（主语语+谓谓语语）结结构。构。The harder he works,the happier he feels.The more old he is,the more wise he becomes.48-1.The harder I tried,_it seemed to solve that math problems.A.the impossible B.most impossible C.the most impossible D.the more impossible2.The more challenging the journey is,the _(happy)the young people will feel.Dhappier49-比比较级较级和最高和最高级级的构成：的构成：1.大多数大多数单单音音节节形容形容词词和副和副词词，以，以词词尾加尾加 -er,-est构成比构成比较级较级和最高和最高级级；2.以以e结结尾的尾的单单音音节节形容形容词词和副和副词词直接加。直接加。3.以一个以一个辅辅音音结结尾的尾的单单音音节节形容形容词词，其前的元，其前的元 音字母音字母发发短元音，短元音，该辅该辅音字母要双写，然后音字母要双写，然后 在加：在加：hot-hotter-hottest big-bigger-biggest50-4.以以辅辅音加音加y结结尾的形容尾的形容词词和副和副词词要将要将y改改成成i在加在加-er,-est:easy-easier-easiest happy-happier-happiest 注意注意：靠加后：靠加后缀缀构成的形容构成的形容词词和副和副词词的比的比较级较级必必须须加加more和和most构成比构成比较较级级和最高和最高级级：slowly,quickly5.一般双音一般双音节节，多音，多音节节形容形容词词和副和副词词在原在原级级前加前加more和和most.6.少数少数单单音音节词节词也加也加more和和most构成比构成比 较级较级和最高和最高级级：tired,pleased51-