高考长难句分析技巧及2013-2018年全国卷部分长难句译文.doc

高考长难句分析技巧及2013-2018年全国卷部分长难句译文高考试卷中往往会出现对考生造成阅读困难的长句和难句，也包括既是长句同时又是难句的句子。长难句一般含有各种复杂句型，复杂句型里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列、平行。准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能。关于长难句的分析技巧可以参考如下几点：1 找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。当然句子里也可能会有并列谓语，由and, but, or等连接。2 提主干、去枝叶（从句等）我们知道，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。3 寻关联、辨逻辑一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句，而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑修或饰关系。关联词包括并列连词如and, but,or, so等和从属连词。从属连词数量繁多，用于引导定语从句的叫关系代词和关系副词，如who, whom,whose, that,which,when,where、why等；引导状语从句的连词有when,while, as, since, until, as soon as, because, if, unless, as/so long as, in case, as if, sothat, suchthat, in order that, although/though, even if, wh-ever等；引导名词性从句的连词有that, what, how, whether, if, who, which, whose, when, where, why等。4 看搭配、防分隔 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象，包括插入语或介词短语等。考生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。以下是2013-2018年高考全国卷阅读理解、七选五和完形填空中出现的部分长难句。阅读时请先分析句子的结构，即找出句子的主干，分析修饰成分或从句，然后准确理解句子的意义。译文附在句子后面，供参考。1 (2018年全国卷1阅读B) And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.译文：这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子山姆，13岁的芬恩和11岁的杰克准备膳食。2 (2018年全国卷1阅读C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. 译文： 一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。3 (2018年全国卷1完形填空)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.译文： 按照其他标准，要让这门课过关，我们必须写一篇论文，论述我们如何计划将所学的知识运用到将来的职业中，最终，运用到我们的生活中。4(2018年全国卷2阅读A) Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks.译文：周四，我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园，晚些时候，我们观看游行和烟花。5 (2018年全国卷2阅读B) When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. 译文： 当冰冻香蕉和其他莓类或水果片混合时，就会成为制作浓郁冰凉果昔和低脂肪“冰淇淋”的不错的主要底料。6 (2018年全国卷2阅读C) According to the reports key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they never or hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”译文： 根据这个报告的重要发现，“那些说他们从来或者几乎不以读书为乐趣的人的比例分别从1984年的13岁中的8%，17岁中的9%上升到了现在的22%和27%。”7 (2018年全国卷2阅读C) The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 译文：报告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的数据是：在阅读方面，父母是孩子的榜样和重要的楷模。8 (2018年全国卷2阅读D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. 译文： 认为闲谈不重要而不予考虑很容易，但是我们不要忘记，如果没有随意的的聊天，就不会有深入的人际关系。9 (2018年全国卷2七选五)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 译文：锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。10.(2017年全国1卷阅读理解A篇)Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. 译文：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。 11.(2017年全国卷阅读理解A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL(英式手语), Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.译文：通过把爱的徒劳那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语，Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对莎士比亚喜剧新的解释，通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出，旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建一座桥梁。12.(2017年全国卷阅读理解B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.译文：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。 13.(2017年全国卷阅读理解B篇)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.译文：我们有着这样的信念如果足够幸运获得成功，就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newmans Own食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall camps夏令营，而我成立了圣丹斯电影学院和电影节。14.(2017年全国卷阅读理解D篇) Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.译文：早在1983年，杰克舒尔茨和伊恩鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。15.(2017年全国卷阅读七选五)If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示）that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.译文：如果有人敲门，并且不是什么重要的事情，那就礼貌地谢绝，让别人知道你很忙，这样他们就会得到暗示，当门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。16.(2017年全国卷阅读理解B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.译文：布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商，这家开发商打算在电影院所在的土地上建一个购物中心。17. (2017年全国卷阅读理解D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.译文：纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室，目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题所在。18.(2017年全国卷阅读理解D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.译文：研究表明，放弃驾驶是导致老年人健康状况和幸福感下降的主要原因之一，导致他们变得更加隔绝和懒散。19.(2017年全国卷完形填空) Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.译文：Axani 在他的帖中说：他并不是寻求任何回报，使用这张多余机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅行，或者拿走机票自己旅行。20.(2016年全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇) Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.译文：Shackleton，一个曾经的英国商船队军官，在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。21.(2016年全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctica, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.译文：Frank Hurley，一个自信的，有天赋的，对南极洲有了解的澳大利亚摄影师，被雇佣去拍照，其中大部分图片以前从未被发表过。22.(2016年全国新课标甲卷阅读七选五) It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.译文：它始于窥探自己的内心，和明白就自然界而言你是谁，以及如何处理园艺工作流程。（with respect to“就而言，关于”）23.(2016年全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇) Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.译文：当护士和其他看护者遇到的病人可能经历个人焦虑时，他们需要知道沉默的可能含义。24.( 2016年全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D篇) Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.译文：因此，当一个来自其中某个文化群体的人在说话的时候突然停住时，可能是在暗示讲话者希望听众在继续（讲下去）之前思考一下刚才所讲的内容。25.(2016年全国新课标乙卷语法填空) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.译文：但我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期的一档电视节目中，我是第一个被允许拍摄野外营救挨饿的熊猫影片的西方电视台记者。26.( 2016年全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C篇) To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.译文：对于习惯于在超市卖的黄金美味和皇家嘎啦这种有限苹果种类选择的人来说，看到仍旧存留的传统苹果是很长见识的，比如罗马人种植的Decio。27.( 2016年全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D篇) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.译文：读者们也喜欢分享让他们感到兴奋或有趣的文章，或者是引发愤怒或焦虑的消极感受的文章，而不是仅仅让他们感到悲伤的文章。28.( 2016年全国新课标丙卷完形填空)We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller s accident.译文：我们是以10比1赢得比赛并且我被评为最有价值的球员，但我经常做恶梦，在梦中我因为Miller的事故而受责备。29.(2015年全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.译文：眼前的西红柿令我欣喜不已，当我听说布朗的格鲁夫农场是杰克达斯蒂餐厅的供应商之一时，我更加高兴了。杰克达斯蒂餐厅是萨拉索塔丽思卡尔顿酒店新开张的一家餐厅我感到很幸运那天晚上我计划去那吃晚饭。30.(2015年全国新课标阅读七选五) But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.译文：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。31.(2015年全国新课标阅读理解B篇) Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when theyre in poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food.译文：黑暗的环境更容易鼓励过量饮食，因为人们在灯光昏暗的地方很少会难为情 所以更可能吃大量的食物。32.(2015年全国新课标阅读理解C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. 译文：间隔年现象起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学申请在11月份入学考试至下一学年开始前空出的那几个月时间。33.(2014年全国新课标阅读理解A篇)The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.译文：这个挑战赛邀请，甚至挑战5到14岁的在校生创作艺术品或写一篇文章，来展示他们的好奇心，并告诉我们它如何激发他们去探索自我世界。34.(2014年全国新课标阅读理解B篇)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.译文：据统计，当旅鸽数量达到最多时，曾超过了30亿只，这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的24%-40%，使旅鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类。35.(2014年全国新课标阅读理解C篇) This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information .译文：这让我陷入无休无止的烦恼之中，因为当所有的专家们都在忙着辩论哪个选择最好时，那些想改善自己生活的人们却被所有这些矛盾信息弄得困惑不堪。36.(2014年全国新课标阅读理解A篇) He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.译文：他向警方报了案，然后失落孤独地坐在一个陌生的城市里，想着要在一个遥远的国家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻烦，而同时他还要试着在一个新的国家安顿下来。37.(2013年全国新课标阅读理解A篇) It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.译文：它进一步要求，当碰到与自己相反的意见时，医生不能反应过度，那样可能会让其他医生下次不敢说出自己的看法。38.(2013年全国新课标阅读理解C篇) Given that many peoples moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine.译文：鉴于很多人的情绪是由巧克力的化学作用来调节的，那么有人把巧克力商店做成好像中药店一样可能只是个时间问题了。7