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§Lesson 1 A private conversation私人谈话
【 New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★ private adj.私人的
如果妈妈想看你的信 , 你可以说 : It's my private letter.
如果陌生人想进你的房子 , 你可以说 : It's my private house.
private life 私生活
由此引申出 privacy n.隐私 : private life 私生活
It ’ s privacy这是.我的隐私 !( 不愿让别人知道的 )
private school(私立学校 ), 与此相反 , 公立学校是 public school.所以 , private 的反义词是 public.
eg.public 公众。 public letter 公开信。 public place 公共场所 private 还有一个值得注意的意思 : 普通的 .
如 : private citizen 普通公民 :I ’m a private citizen.
private soldier 大兵。
我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《 Private Ryan》
★ conversation n.谈话
subject of conversation : 话题 (天气是英国人最喜爱的话题 )
几种谈话 :
1、talk 内容可正式可不正式 , 也可以私人 : Let ’ s have a talk.
2、 conversation 一般用于正式文体中 , 内容上往往不正式 : They are having a conversation.
3、dialogue 对话 , 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 : China and Korea are having a dialogue.
4、chat 闲聊 , 就是北京人说的 “侃” ,说的是无关紧要的事 .
5、gossip 嚼舌头 , 说长道短
have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip名词变动词
★ theatre n.剧场 , 戏剧
cinema: 电影院
★ seat
n.座位
这个词很重要 , 考试常考 .
have a good seat,这里的 seat指 place(指地点不错 ), 而不是 chair.
take a seat/take your seat坐下来 , 就坐
: Is the seat taken?(这个位置有人吗 ?)
下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见
请坐的 3
种说法 :
Sit down,please.(命令性 )
take your seat,please.
Be seated,please更.(礼貌 )
考点 : 作为动词的 seat 与 sit 的区别
sit--vi 。 seat— vt
eg: He is sitting there.他住在那儿 .
You seat him你.给他找个位置 .
seat sb 让某人就坐 ,后面会加人
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eg: seat yourselft.
Seat him.
〖语法精粹〗
4.When all those present(到场者 )_D_ he began his lecture.重(点题 )
A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seaed
sit,sit down。 seat,be seated。take a seat
★ play n.戏
★ loudly adv. 大声的
★ angry adj. 生气的
cross=angry 。 I was angry.He was cross.
annoyed: 恼火的。
程 I was annoyed.
度 I was angry/cross. 加 I was very angry.
深 be blue in the face : I am blue in the face.脸(色都青了 , 相当生气了 )
★ angrily adv. 生气的副词修饰动词
★ attention n. 注意
Attention ,please. 请注意 (口语 )
pay attention :注意
pay attention to : 对什么注意
You must pay attention to that gril.
pay a little attention :稍加注意
pay much attention :多加注意
pay more attention :更多注意
pay no attention :不用注意
★ bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍
bear,stand
I can't bear/stand you
endure :忍受 ,容忍
put up with :忍受
I got divorced.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure
忍受的极限在加大
put up with=bear=stand
bear n.熊 white bear
bear hug 热:情 (热烈 )的拥抱
give sb a bear hug
★ business n. 事 , 生意
business man 生:意人
do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差
I went to Tianjin on business.
thing 可以指事情 ,也可以指东西
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business:某人自己的私人的事情
It's my business (指私人的事 , 自己处理的事 )
it's none of your business
★ rudely adv. 无礼地 , 粗鲁地
rude adj.
【课文讲解】
Last week
go to the theatre
see a film=go to the cinema
go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛
go to the doctor's 去看病
go to the dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店
go to the butcher's 买肉
go to school: 去上学
go to church: 去做礼拜
go to hospital(医院 ):去看病
go to the Great Wall
go home。 跟 home 相连一定表示没有事情可做 ,回家休息 I am at home 在家休息
enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心
enjoy+sth :喜欢 ,从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much./I love something.
I enjoy the class.
I enjoy the music.
I enjoy the book.
enjoy the dinner/film/progeam/game
were sitting :当时正座在
过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述
I+be+v(ing)
The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
got :变得 ,表示一种变化 ,got angry
I am/was angry 是一个事实
I got angry:强调变化过程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got 取代 be 动词 ,got 是一个半联系动词 ,可以直接加形容词
说话的时候喜欢用缩略 .I'm not,he isn't,they aren't
写的时候会说 :I am not,he is not,they are not
I didn't do sth,I did not do sth
hear:听见
hear+人 :听见某人的话
I could not hear you.Beg your pardon?
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I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your word.
I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
turn round:转头
not pay any attention = pay no attention
表示注意 ,pay attention。 对什么加以注意 ,pay attention to sth not any=no
I could not bear it./you./the noise.
I can't hear a word.
hear a word : a word 等于一句话
He didn't say a word.
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
It's none of your business./None of your business/It's my business.
I couldn't bear you.
This is private conversation!
private :私人的 ,不想与别人共享
I can't hear a word.
hear a word of sb (actors)
Key stuctures : 关键句型
Summary writing : 摘要写作
answer this questions in not more than 55 words.
【 Key structures】 关键句型
Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序陈述句一定是有主语 ,有动词 ,有宾语 ,有句号
看教材第 2 页
6 1 2 3 4 5 6
when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?
Which? Which?
What? What?
Last week
1 ---主语一般有名词或代词构成
2 ---谓语由动词充当
3 ---宾语
4 ---副词或介词短语 ,对方式或状态提问 ,往往做状语 I like her very much
5 ---地点状语
6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语 , 谓语 . 主语 —— >动词 —— >宾语 —— >状语
状语 : 放在最前面是副词 ,方式状语 ,表示状态 /程度的状语 ,下面是地点 ,然后是时
间
1.主语和动词不能少
2.如果时间和地点连在一起 ,先放地点 ,再放时间
如果问何时何地 ,是一个固定搭配 when and where
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【 Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ______ .
a.and they stopped talking
b.but they didn't stop talking
c.but they didn't notice him
d.but they looked at him rudely
(1)...b...
"They did not pay any attention"
pay attention: 注意 (在思想上 ), 如交通安全应注意 .
notice: 注意 (=see 眼睛看 )
4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ______
them.
a.before b.above c.ahead of d.in front of
(4)...
sitting behind
behind: 在...后面
in front of : 在 ...前面 (相对静止的概念 )
before : 在...前面 (+词、句子、一般和时间相连 )
above : 在...上面
ahead of : 在...前面 (+时间、位置 )(动态的行为 )
He arrived before six o'clock.
before he came back
ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
5 ______ did the writer feel? Angry.
a.Where b.Why c.How d.When
(5) ...c...
how —— 对一个方式、状态提问
特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
angry(adj)
how(adv.)—— 对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
where —— 用介词 ,地点
when —— 用介词 ,时间
why —— 用 because回答
7 The young man and the young woman paid ______ attention to the writer.
a.none b.any c.not any d.no
(7) ...d...
any—— 用在否定句和疑问句中
some—— 用在肯定句中
none—— 没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.
not any=no
not—— 否定词 ,要放在非实义动词后面
He didn't pay attention
no—— 形容词、修饰名词
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I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.
11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ______ it.
a.carry b.suffer c.stand d.lift
(11)...
suffer:遭受 ,忍受 (精神或肉体上 )+痛苦
bear: 忍受 =stand
I suffer the headache.
He often suffers defeat.
§Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?早餐还是午餐 ?
【 New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★ until prep.直到
直到 ...才。 直到 ...为止
后面加 (时间状语 )从句 ,前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定 )
直到他回来 ,他爸爸才死 .
2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定 )
直到他回来为止 ,他爸爸都是活着的 .
到他回来这一点之前 ,没死 : not die。 活的 : 不加 not.
把 until 作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前 ,这个动作做了还是没做 ?
做了 —— 肯定。
没做 —— 否定.
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B.didn't wait
A.leave B.left C.didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★ outside adv. 外面作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outsid.
ring(rang.rung) v.(铃、电话等 )响 (刺耳的 )
[ 注] 这种响是刺耳的 , 往往是提醒人做某事
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而风铃等响要用 jingle
jingle(bell): ( 铃儿 ) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb.
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话 (名) : give sb. a ring
Remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
戒指 (名词 ) n
★ aunt n.姑 ,姨,婶,舅妈 (所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼 )
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与此相同 , 男性则是 uncle: 叔叔
他们的孩子 : cousin : 堂兄妹 (不分男女 )
cousin 的孩子 : nephew : 外甥 , niece : 外甥女 [ 记 : 捏“死 ” ]
★ repeat v.重复【课文讲解】
On Sundays: 所有的星期天 ,每逢星期天
never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面 )=not (变成否定句 ,前面一定要加助动词 )
I don't like her.=I never like her.
因为是上个星期 ,所以时态不是一般现在时 .
look out of : 朝窗外看 out of 是固定搭配
从 ...里:from, out of dark: 天很黑
What a day?What + a + n——. 感叹句
It is a terrible day.==> What a terrible day!
what+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语 +谓语 )What a terrible day!
省略 : 1.主、谓随时可省
what a good girl (she is)!
2.省形容词
What a day! 有上下文和一定的语境 , 才能省略形容词 .
just then: 就在那时
It was my aunt Lucy.
如果不知道对方性别 , 可以用 it 取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
just 只会出现在 “现在完成时 ”
by trainby 直接加交通工具 (不能有任何修饰词 , 复数 )
如果加修饰词 , 就要换掉 by 用 in 或 on
I go out by bus.
若是两辆 : I go out in/on two buses.
I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你 .
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
同样的用法还有 : go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
前 4 个一定要记住
天哪 !英国人说 Dear me!或 My dear!
美国人说 : My god!
【 Key structures】 关键句型
本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在 .
Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now—— 现在进行时 (说话的当时正在发生 , 现阶段正在发生 )
Often , Always—— 一般现在时
"现阶段 ":I am working as a teacher.
I do.../he does...
I get up...
一般现在时 , 是一种习惯 , 真理 , 是过去 , 现在和未来都会发生的事情 .
现在还在睡觉
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He is still sleeping.
频率副词往往放在句子中间 , 实义动词前 , 非实义动词后如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词 , 要放在两个之间 . 疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面 . 非实义动词 : 1.系动词 (be)
2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的 (do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
3.情态动词 : (must,can,may) 除此之外都是实义动词 .
1.are playing。 "always" play 。 is kicking"now" 。 is running
2.are you doing。 am leaving。 (用进行时态表达将来时 :go,come.leave,arrive join,return,die,land,meet)
"别人用什么时态 , 你就用什么时态 ” are you leaving come
go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语 )
(rarely 很少 ) listen
"doesn't work" 停止工作 , 已坏了 , 不起作用了 .
feel
I frequently go to bed hungry (背诵 )
He went to school hungry饿.着肚子上学 .
You must come here hungry空.腹来这里 .
【 Special Difficulties】 难点
What+a/an+a.+n.+主语 +谓语
What 对名词感叹
3.He is causing a lot of trouble
名词 :trouble
主语 :he
动词 :is causing
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【 Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ______ .
a.late b.lately c.slowly d.hardly
5."not early"
late(adj./adv.) lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的 , 近来的 .
how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗 ?
8 He ______ out of the window and saw that it was raining. a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched
8.A
look(vi.): 表示看的动作。 后面一定要加介词
see(vt.) : 表示看的结果。 后面直接加宾语
watch : 表示观看。 后面直接加宾语 , 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西 look at pictures (对)watch pictures(错)
11 Breakfast is the first ______ of the day. a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal
11.D
lunch :中餐 food :食物
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dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭 , 可能是中餐 , 也可能是晚餐 , 但决不会是
早餐 . meal : 一顿饭
频率副词 ,放在实义动词前 , 非实义动词后。
如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词 .要放在两个之间疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面
§Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card请给我寄张明信片
【 New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★ send v. 寄, 送
寄信 : send a letter
用法 : send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有 give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别 : take : 强调某人亲自送。 take flowers to his wife 自己送
send则是通过第三人去送 , 如美国的校车 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 postcard n. 明信片
[ 注意 ]/t/ 和/k/ 前者失去爆破音
send him a card
简写为 card, 由此引申出 :
namecard/visiting card : 名片
Here is my namecard.口(语常用 , 同时伴随着递出的动作 ) ID card:身份证。 ID : 身分 , 身份 (identification, identity) credit card:信用卡
cash card 现金卡 , 储蓄卡 , 工资卡 (不能透支的那种 )
★ spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v.使索然无味 , 损坏 (重点词 )
几种破坏 :
break: 打破。 break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏 , 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏 , 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏 , 而 spoil 主要指精神上
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好。 生活中不顺心的事。宠坏 , 溺爱
1、宠坏 His parents spoiled the boy. 、2毁了某人心情 .
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my hoilday.
★ museum n. 博物馆
Palace Museum:故宫
★ public adj. 公共的
这个词我们在第一课见过了 , 基本用法和 private 一起记 . 下面再说两点 :
public house简称 pub : 酒吧 。 public place 公共场所
in public: 公开的。 in private: 私下里的 (介词短语在英语中往往充当状语 )
Let ’ s have a conversation in private让我.们私下谈谈 ?
Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢 ?(当面说呢 ?)
★ friendly adj. 友好的
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以 -ly 结尾是形容词 , 同样的还有 lovely adj. friendly 单独用 , 形容词 , 一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好 , 用短语 in a friendly way
waiter n. 服务员 , 招待员
waiter(男服务员 ), waitress(女服务员 ), 只出现在餐馆里
领班 : chief waiter
商店里的店员 : shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员 :attendant
★ lend v. 借给 lend to / lend sth.to sb/ lend sb.sth.
借进 : borrow: borrow from 。 但 borrow 不能用 borrow sb sth.
★ decision n. 决定 v. decide
make a big/great dicision (重大 /伟大 , 更重大 )
★ whole adj. 整个的
all the... : all the day (the 可省略 )
the whole.. : the whole day.
all of 后面如果加代词 , 代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词 , 前面一定要加 the
all of us。 all of the students
★ single adj. 唯一的 , 单一的反义词 : double 双倍的
【课文讲解】
The baby spoilded my night.
于 注意读音不同
and 先后往往是对等的概念 , but 也是如此
teach sb.sth.
He teaches our English.错( )
He teacher us English.对()
语言不可数 , 所以要用 a little Italian 或 a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English
think about/of 考虑 , 思考 , think of 还可指想到
think over:仔细考虑
last summer里的 last 表示 “上一个 ”
last:表示 “上一个 ”或 “最后一个 ” ,表示 “最后一个 ”时要加冠词 the 具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用 on
I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间 +地点 : 在什么地点我花费 /度过了多少时间 I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.( 交通堵塞 )
Review 回顾 :
spoil
send/lend/teach sb.sth.
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send/lend/teach sth. to sb
【 Special Difficulties】 难点
双宾语 : 直接宾语 (表示动作结果 )和间接宾语 (动作目标 )
give sb.sth./give sth to sb
sb: 间接宾语
sth: 直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时 , 其前必须加 to(对⋯⋯ 而言 )或 for( 为⋯⋯ 而做 )
give a book to me. I buy a book for you
take flowers to my wife.
order soup for you.
可以翻译为 “给” 、 “替” 、 “为”的 , 就用 for。 如果只能翻译为 “给 ”的, 就
用 to
与 for 相连的 buy,order,make,find
find sth.for sb.
do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me帮.我一个忙 Exercise
1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper.
3.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer.
在日常生活中 , 碰到熟人 : Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的概念 .
What do you think of?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样 ?
cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.我要冻僵了
What do you think of TV program last night?
send somebody something
send something to somebody
give, take, pass, read, sell, buy
find something for somebody
make buy Do a favor for me.
Can I order something for you?
【 Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 ______ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a.Who taught b.Who did teach c.What did he teach d.Whom did he teach 找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定
who whom
人做主语提问 —— who 对宾语提问 —— whom
如果对主语提问 , 则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问 , 则句子要使用特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句的语序
A 正确 who 既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问 , 而 whom 只能对宾语提问 Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
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