医学英语词根词缀大全.doc

医学英语词根词缀SuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining to属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心脏（病）的-alpertaining tomedical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining tomolecular: pertaining to a molecule分子的-arypertaining tobelonging tociliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小囊,(头发的)毛囊-ean instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-ealpertaining tolaryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; qualityphobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-icpertaining totoxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepaediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学-ine/insubstance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes in精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎症rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to与相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜-ivecharacterizes byantitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳药-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus粘液样的-olelittle; smallcentriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-ereither a person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体-orycharacterized by; pertaining tosuspensory: which is hanging down悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal conditiononychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ouspertaining topoisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体-umstructure; thing; substance结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaningExample-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛-aseenzymeprotease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesissurgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectomysurgical excision or removal ofgastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-genesisproduction 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生-globinprotein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素-gnosisknowledgediagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination-gramimage; pictureelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph(y)process of recording记录过程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasiscondition; state情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症-iatry/-iatricshealing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部医疗-lithstonecholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石-logythe study ofcytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logistone who studies and treatsurologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malaciasofteningosteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化-maniaextreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖-megalygiantacromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry/-metermeasurementspirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)-odyniapaincardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-onehormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素-opiaa defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-opsyto viewbiopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检-osismorbid condition病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmiasmellanosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失-ostomyprocess of making an opening into or a connection between造瘘gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术-oxialevel of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧-pathydisease; diseased conditionophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病-peniadeficiencyleukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsiadigestioneupepsia: good digestion 消化良好-pexya fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术-phagia/phagyeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞-phobiafearxenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasiaformation; developmenthyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phoniavoicedysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难-plasmformation; growth or substance of formationcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆-plastysurgical repairosteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术-plegiastroke; paralysis 中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病-pneabreathingeupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸-ptosisa falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂-ptysisspitting分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesisproductionhemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/-rrhagiabursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多-rrhaphysurgical sewing or suturingsplenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术-rrheaoverflowhydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢-(o)rrhexissplitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac羊膜破裂-sarcomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissueliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat脂肪肉瘤-schesisa holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留-sclerosisa hardeningdermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scopeinstrument for viewingstethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器-scopyprocess of examining visuallyhepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查-spasminvoluntary contractionangiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛-stasissuppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding止血，止血法-stenosisabnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄-stomysurgical opening to the outside of the body造口colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术-tentionpressurehypertention: high blood pressure 高血压-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法-tionprocesshospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院-tocialabor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产-tometool for incisionarthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀-tomyprocess of cutting intogastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术-tropiaturning 转弯，变向esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视-trophynourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良-uriaa condition of the urine（小便）dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-versionturningeversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefixMeaningExamplea-/an-without; notaphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症ab-away fromabortion: expulsion from the uterus流产ad-to; toward; nearadnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro-a point or tipacronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲alb-whitealbino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者amb-/ambi-bothambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-/ampho-both; both sidesamphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管ana-up; back againanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢Angio-a blood vesselangioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤ante-beforeantenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的anti-againstantidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂audi-hearing; soundaudiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto-selfautoantibody: antibody formed to attack the bodys own cells自身抗体 bi-two; twicebicellular: two cells两室的bio-living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady-slowbradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓carcin-carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物cata-downwards; under; against;along withcataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障centi-one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(n)-with or togetherconsanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的contra-againstcontraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法de-removal or lossdecaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram: ten grams 十克deci-tenthdeciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di-twodiglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言dia-through; between; apart; acrossdiathermy: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法dis-reversal or separatedisintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂dys-bad; difficult; disordereddysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形echo-soundechocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术ect-/ecto-outside or outerecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤en-in; withinenostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣endo-insideendocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜epi-on; overepidermis: outer layer of skin表皮ery-rederythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞eso-inward; within(向内)esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视eu-goodeugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学ex-/ exo-out ofexhale: to breath out 呼出extra-outsideextracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的hemi-halfhemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水hyper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症hypo-less or too littlehypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾in-in or intoinbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配in-notincoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次infra-below or beneathinfrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌inter-betweeninterlobular: between lobules小叶间的intra-insideintramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内itro-intointrovert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人mal-bad or abnormalmalfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障meta-changesmetaplasia: change of one tissue to another化生，转化，组织变形micro-very smallmicrocyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞mid-middlemidcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的milli-one thousandthmilligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis-error or wrongmiscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产multi-manymultigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct-at nightnocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症nona-nine or the ninethnonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形octa-eightoctan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的odont-teethodontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disordersonco-tumoursoncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学oro-mouthorolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的pachy-thickeningpachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚pali-/palin-against; pathologic repetition病态的重复palindromic: (disease) which recurs复发的，再发的pan-/pant-/panto-allpancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症para-similar to or near; changed or beyondparalyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪pen-/penta-fivepentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine戊糖尿per-throughpercutaneou