动词ing做主语和宾语精解及练习.doc

13语法精讲精练：非谓语动词动词-ing形式王奴娇教案动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone一、 动词-ing形式的特征和种类二、 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。A.动词 -ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 D. 动词-ing形式的否定形式 动词的-ing形式的否定形式是由not 加动词的-ing形式构成。 His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。 Im sorry for not being present at the meeting in time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。 Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 动词的-ing形式的用法动词的-ing形式作主语1动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family. 被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。 2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。 It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them. 制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 Its a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。 必背：动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。 Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。 It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 练习 用ing形式作主语翻译下列句子。1 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。2 照料家人是我的日常工作。3. 被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。4给他打电话没用,他不愿意来。5 解释对你的身体健康有好处6 说服他戒烟是在浪费时间。7 上这种拥挤的公交车真难。功能二：v.-ing形式作宾语 v.-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。作动词宾语的情况：高中阶段能接v.-ing形式作宾语的常见动词： mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，喜欢）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）,forbid（禁止） imagine（想象）,fancy （想象），keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑），stand（忍受），stop（停止），permit（允许），include，cannot help，advise（建议），excuse（原谅）等。记忆口诀： 避免错过 (少) 延期,（avoid miss postpone） 建议完成 (多) 练习. （adwise finish practise）喜欢想象禁不住 , (enioy imagine cant help)承认否定 (与) 嫉妒(admit deny envy)逃脱冒险 (莫) 原谅 , (escape risk excuse)忍受保持 (不) 在意。( stand keep mind)A mind 介意 Would you mind turning on the air -conditioner?你介意把空调打开吗？B suggest 建议 The doctor suggested taking the medicine three times a day .医生建议一天吃三次药C admit（承认）He admitted cheating in the exam. 他承认在考试中作弊了。D avoid（避免）I couldnt avoid making mistakes whenever I stared to speak English . 每当我开始说英语我都无法避免出错。E escape（逃脱）No one can escape being punished if he breaks the law. 如果触犯法律，任何人都逃脱不了被惩罚。F finish（完成）I have finished cleaning my bedroom.我已经完成打扫我的房间了。G forgive宽恕）Please forgive my disturbing you. 请原谅我打扰一下。H forbid（禁止）We forbid throwing the rubbish here.我们禁止在此处扔垃圾。I imagine（想象Can you imagine living on the moon?你能想象住在地球上的生活吗？J keep（保持） How silly of him to keep asking the same question again and again! 反复问同一个问题他得有多傻呀。K miss（错过）We missed seeing the wonderful movie.我们错过看那部精彩的电影了。L practise（训练 练习）Youd better practise speaking English every day. 你最好每天练习说英语。M consider（考虑）They are considering buying the house before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑涨价前买下这房子。N stand（忍受）I cant stand your talking to me like that. 我不能忍受你跟我那样说话。 （2）既能带v.-ing形式又能带不定式作宾语的动词。这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：1.动词like, hate, prefer, intend, , love, prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing分词；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。 I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。 I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去学校。 I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。2 .forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing分词作宾语表示分词动作先于谓语动作。如： Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？ Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门. 3.动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接分词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如： I try not to think about that. 我尽量不去想那件事。 Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗？ He stopped talking when the bell rang. 铃响的时候，他停止了讲话。 While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候，他不时地停下来和汤姆谈话。 注意：有时人们把stop后的动词不定式理解为目的状语。 4. need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用-ing形式比较普通。 Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. 你的作文需要修改。 His coat wants cleaning / to be cleaned. 他的大衣需要洗了。The old woman requires looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这个老大娘需要细心地照料。（3）-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I dont think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗作介词宾语的情况 动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有： 动词 + 介词 + -ing形式 aim at dream of care about 动词 + 名词 + 介词 + -ing形式 prevent sb from doing sth forgive sb for doing sth 名词 + 介词 + -ing形式 have no difficulty in take pride in 形容词 + 介词 + -ing形式 be tired of be proud of be angry about be satisfied with 介词to +动词-ing形式 get used to look forward to turn to object to be equal to devote to练习 用动词ing形式做宾语翻译下列句子一. 动词后的宾语1.他喜欢听轻音乐。2. 这位年轻人在考虑调换工作。3. .请你填一下这张表好吗? 4我父亲去年戒烟了。5 妈妈建议乘飞机去北京。 6.她不能容忍别人嘲笑她。 7他的信需要马上回复。 8 .很遗憾在上海时我没看到你。9 我记得把信寄了。 .10我必须记住要去寄信。 .11我忘记了曾经把那本书还给图书馆了。 12 .我忘记了要把那本书归还给图书馆。13.他们(停止原来做的事)开始谈话。 14他们停止了谈话。 15我们正在考虑他去那里的事。16他试着用另外的方法做那项工作。 17. 你打算把那件事告诉我吗?18. 那将意味着再等些时候。 19我不能帮助完成那项工作。20.听到那个消息，我情不自禁地笑了。21他接着开始指出论文中的错误。22.他继续指出论文中的错误。 二.介词后的宾语1. 最后他成功地执行了他的任务。(succeed in) 2.发现房子里空无一人，我感到惊讶。Be surprised at3.对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。(for)4.什么也无法阻止他们相爱。(from) 5.我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。(in) 6.汤姆因未被邀请参加晚会而生气。(for)7 所有人在期待着寒假的到来。8他们要通过这场数学考试有很大的困难。 9.我非常生气都想哭了。（feel like）10.什么也不能让我放弃和他结婚。(give up)动词-ing形式作主语和宾语综合练习一、单项填空。1. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having3. What made you so happy? _ the first prize.A. Get B. Getting C. Got D. To get4. I really appreciate _ a great effort to help me out of the trouble.A. you to take B. your to take C. your taking D. your being taken5. I still remember _ to see films in the open air when I was small.A. to take B. taking C. being taken D. to be taken6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.A. need repairing B. needs to repairC. needs repairing D. need to repair7. You did very well at the meeting, Black. Well, I regret _ that to the boss.A. say B. to say C. said D. having said8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 9. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived10. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking11. The suggestion they all objected to _ very effective finally.A. proved B. proving C. prove D. to prove二、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Making Internet friends is similar to _ (make)pen pals. 2. In western countries, _ ( arrive)too early for a dinner is considered bad manners. 3. When she heard that her son had been injured in the accident, she couldnt help _. (cry out)4. Every day the students spend at least three hours, I think, _ their homework. (do)5. It is no good （talk）to him.三、将下列句子改写为含有动词-ing形式的句子。1. Her brother plays soccer. It is his hobby. _ _ is her brothers hobby. 2. We will soon be introduced to thefamous scientist. We are looking forward to it. We are looking forward to _ _ to the famous scientist. 3. You should read English aloud every morning. It is of great help. _ _ aloud every morning is of great help. 4. He told us that his room needed to be repaired. He told us that his room _ _.5. I remember that I have seen her somewhere in the past. I remember _ _ somewhere in the past.6. I was late for class again, which made my teacher very angry._ _ _ again made my teacher very angry.四、下列句子中各有一处错误,请指出并改正。1. I am looking forward to visit the Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week. 2. I missed see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 3. He stood on the platform, satisfying with the events that had just occurred.4. People are confusing about all the different labels on food these days.5. I really appreciate have time to relax with you on this nice island.