170份小麦高代品系品质性状的相关性分析和聚类分析_张志鹏.pdf

170 份小麦高代品系品质性状的相关性分析和聚类分析张志鹏1,2,李 菁1,王兴龙2,林 参1,2,严卫古1,2,朱明超1,2(1.江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安 223001;2.江苏天丰种业有限公司,江苏淮安 223001)摘要 该研究旨在明确小麦新品系的品质性状,并为发掘具有优异品质性状的材料提供参考。以 170 份自育高代品系,以及 1 份栽培品种周麦 18 为材料,利用近红外分析仪对小麦籽粒水分、粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度以及容重进行检测分析,并对 6 个品质性状进行相关性分析和聚类分析。测定结果显示,水分含量平均值为 12.64%;粗蛋白质含量变幅为 9.62%17.21%;湿面筋含量变幅为21.29%36.52%;沉降值变幅为11.13 41.82 mL;硬度变幅为49.46%75.06%;容重变幅为758.18 849.45 g/L。相关分析结果表明,容重与水分含量、硬度与沉降值、容重与粗蛋白含量、容重与湿面筋含量、容重与沉降值呈极显著负相关;沉降值与水分含量、湿面筋含量与水分含量、沉降值与粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量与粗蛋白含量、沉降值与湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量与水分含量呈极显著正相关。聚类分析结果表明,类群包含7 个品系,类群包含19 个品系,类群包含41 个品系,类群包含79 个品系,聚为类群包含24 个品系。该研究为选育优质小麦品种提供了理论依据。关键词 小麦;高代品系;品质性状;相关性分析;聚类分析中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2023)03-0028-06doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2023.03.006 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):Correlation and Cluster Analysis of Quality Traits in 170 High-generation Wheat LinesZHANG Zhi-peng1,2,LI Jing1,WANG Xing-long2 et al(1.Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai Region of Jiangsu,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001;2.Jiangsu Tianfeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001)Abstract In order to identify the quality traits of new wheat lines and to provide reference for exploring materials with excellent quality traits.170 self-bred high-generation lines and one cultivar Zhoumai 18 were used as materials.The water content,crude protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,hardness and bulk density of wheat grains were detected and analyzed by near-infrared analyzer,and the corre-lation and cluster analysis were carried out.The results showed that the average water content was 12.64%.The range of crude protein content was 9.62%-17.21%.The wet gluten content ranged from 21.29%to 36.52%.The range of settlement value was 11.13-41.82 mL.The value of hardness ranged from 49.46%to 75.06%;The variation range of bulk density was 758.18-849.45 g/L.Correlation analysis results showed that bulk density was negatively correlated with moisture content,as well as the hardness and settling value,bulk density and crude protein content,bulk density and wet gluten content,bulk density and settling value.There were extremely significant positive correlation be-tween the sedimentation value and moisture content,wet gluten content and moisture content,sedimentation value and crude protein content,wet gluten content and crude protein content,sedimentation value and wet gluten content,crude protein content and water content.The results of cluster analysis showed that there were 7 strains in group,19 strains in group,41 strains in group ,79 strains in group and 24 strains in group.This experiment provided theoretical basis for selecting and breeding high-quality wheat varieties.Key words Wheat;High generation strains;Quality traits;Correlation analysis;Clustering analysis基金项目 淮安市成果转化项目(HA202108);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金项目(HNY202115)。作者简介 张志鹏(1994),男,甘肃天水人,研究实习员,硕士,从事小麦遗传育种工作。通信作者,副研究员,硕士,从事农作物新品种选育和推广工作。收稿日期 2022-03-22;修回日期 2022-04-20 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是人类重要的粮食作物之一1,小麦的种植面积、产量等居世界首位。中国小麦常年播种面积为 2 400 万2 600 万/hm2,分布范围广,生态类型多,种植面积和产量仅次于水稻2-5。小麦是江苏省第二大粮食作物,近几年种植面积超过了 220 万 hm2,占全国麦田总面积的 6.8%。高欢欢等6在对新疆春小麦品种品质性状主要成分及聚类分析的研究中指出,湿面筋含量与蛋白质含量的载荷值符号相同,都为正号,说明这 2 个品种指标呈正相关关系。选育和推广优良品种是稳定和发展江苏省粮食生产的重要途径。在生产上选择的小麦品种较多,然而随着生活水平的提高,人们对小麦品质要求也越来越高,因此为了增加小麦的产量和改善品质,育种家们进行了大量研究,小麦单产与总产能够持续稳定增长,其中具有优良遗传基础的骨干亲本种质资源的育成以及品种的更新与推广起到了重要的支撑作用。鉴于此,笔者以 20202021 年度种植于江苏天丰种业有限公司试验田的 170 份自育高代品系为供试材料,利用近红外光谱技术测定样品的籽粒水分、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和容重,并对品质性状进行相关分析并进行聚类分析,为新品种的选育提供了理论依据,以期为提高育种效率提供实际应用价值。1 材料与方法1.1 试验材料 供试材料取自20202021 年度种植于江苏天丰种业有限公司试验田(江苏省淮安市淮阴区马头镇仲弓村)的 170 份自育高代品系,均为综合性状较好的高代稳定品系,试验以周麦 18 为栽培对照品种。行长 2 m,行间距 30 cm,株距 10 cm,单粒单窝点播,每个品系播种 5 行,田间管理同大田生产。成熟后,各品系随机抽取 10 株,进行各品质性状的鉴定。1.2 试验方法 在储藏 3 个月后,使用 Perten DA7250 型近红外分析仪测定各供试材料的籽粒水分含量、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和容重等品质性状。1.3 数据分析 利用 Origin 2020 和 SPSS 19.0 软件对供试的 170 个小麦品系籽粒的水分含量、粗蛋白含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量、容重、硬度 6 个品质性状进行相关分析和聚类分析。安徽农业科学,J.Anhui Agric.Sci.2023,51(3):28-332 结果与分析2.1 不同品种小麦品质性状分析2.1.1 水分含量。由表1 可知,选育的170 份小麦新品系的籽粒水分含量平均为 12.64%,变异系数为 4.09%,变化范围为 10.74%13.41%,均在近红外光谱检测技术的适用范围内。其中有 45 个小麦新品系的水分含量比对照品种周麦 18高,占供试品系的 26.47%。2.1.2 粗蛋白含量。所选育的 170 份小麦新品系的籽粒粗蛋白含量平均为 13.65%,变异系数为 13.21%,变化范围为9.62%17.21%。其中有131 个小麦新品系的籽粒粗蛋白含量比对照品种周麦 18 高,占供试品系的 77.06%,可见小麦新品系的粗蛋白含量总体较高。2.1.3 湿面筋含量。选育的 170 份小麦新品系的籽粒湿面筋含量平均为 29.49%,变异系数为 11.02%,变化范围为21.29%36.52%。170 份小麦新品系中达到强筋小麦湿面筋含量标准(32.0%)的有 44 个品系,占总数的 25.88%,有 123 个小麦新品系的籽粒湿面筋含量比对照品种周麦 18高,占供试品系的 72.35%。2.1.4 沉降值。选育的 170 份小麦新品系的籽粒沉降值平均为29.02 mL,变异系数为20.18%,可见此性状可稳定遗传。变化范围为 11.1341.82 mL。其中有 114 个小麦新品系的籽粒沉降值比对照品种周麦 18 高,占供试品系的 67.06%。2.1.5 硬度。选育的 170 份小麦新品系的籽粒硬度平均为57.43%,变异系数为 6.41%,变化范围为 49.46%75.06%。其中,149 个小麦新品系的籽粒硬度比对照品种周麦 18 高,占供试品系的 87.65%。2.1.6 容重。选育的 170 份小麦新品系的籽粒容重平均为800.50 g/L,供试小麦品系容重的变异系数较小,仅为 2.31%,变化范围为 758.18849.45 g/L。其中有 167 个小麦新品系的籽粒硬度比对照品种周麦 18 高,占供试品系的 98.24%。表 1 170 份小麦供试材料品质性状Table 1 Quality characters of 170 tested wheat materials编号Number水分含量Moisture content%粗蛋白含量Crude protein content%湿面筋含量Wet gluten content%沉降值Sedimentation valuemL硬度Hardness%容重Bulk weightg/L110.8012.0729.2038.3865.30847.32210.7410.0025.3527.6564.63838.99312.2412.1825.5726.2658.74834.79412.5411.3624.0417.2454.45834.57512.8211.2726.2017.1756.32819.16612.4410.4823.7120.4253.47832.60713.2310.3022.6516.2654.62811.39812.9511.5828.4736.0169.62830.91912.2813.4230.7624.9360.63796.821012.8611.7626.3722.3654.40810.821112.6610.2426.5125.6058.00825.701211.9110.7924.9026.6562.95838.221312.5512.1224.3918.9753.89825.481412.2414.5931.3529.7054.96795.441511.7211.7327.1027.1159.63803.801612.3213.0228.9328.4155.34806.731711.2010.9523.6123.1754.55837.431811.9010.0123.1723.4454.21830.881911.6610.5723.3218.7955.25829.832011.5311.0226.5626.0757.18797.362112.2313.0628.8025.5057.00802.672212.2912.5524.9023.8054.01812.832311.0214.5333.9231.5758.08801.042411.4912.0328.8829.4458.30812.712512.2015.8035.5336.4355.84803.712612.3713.1729.3427.2655.94805.012712.3813.3130.1225.1955.36808.552812.3112.0726.9620.7661.42812.272912.8911.5528.2934.8475.06849.453012.5312.4528.1021.8657.16791.553112.0312.7728.9228.9756.74809.503212.0514.4632.7229.6058.14791.143312.0313.4029.1325.7758.60812.493412.0412.2730.0931.9063.61836.333512.799.6221.3815.8353.03830.60接下表9251 卷 3 期 张志鹏等 170 份小麦高代品系品质性状的相关性分析和聚类分析续表 1编号Number水分含量Moisture content%粗蛋白含量Crude protein content%湿面筋含量Wet gluten content%沉降值Sedimentation valuemL硬度Hardness%容重Bulk weightg/L3613.3612.9027.5921.9257.86823.823713.0810.4321.2915.7552.33813.883812.2514.3831.5533.4060.52817.973913.1812.4427.3721.2454.69807.984012.7512.0027.5318.7858.80807.944112.0310.2924.3320.5259.26806.864213.2811.1225.9821.7654.12794.524311.9111.3425.6518.3756.23817.714412.6914.0231.3830.0957.41796.474512.5813.7030.8625.4155.10811.944612.4911.0826.0324.8954.50792.304713.1310.4725.9027.2963.60826.264812.2311.4625.0820.4859.94826.654912.4612.7028.2625.2756.82788.655012.1115.2233.5735.3456.20815.325113.0210.0325.3823.0560.45826.275213.0810.1922.2111.1354.90823.575312.1413.6930.6528.3855.59808.305412.6511.3524.9419.8655.24806.065512.1614.7932.3833.0457.85789.915612.1910.5427.6528.7459.81847.355712.2413.4729.4225.1257.39817.515811.2412.8428.6723.1659.07836.925912.7613.8428.9829.9455.73806.696011.479.7524.5528.2362.17824.236112.5111.6926.1123.7258.43796.906211.5010.5825.3420.8558.22837.466312.6513.2927.8627.9056.36817.036412.5111.2225.2219.1357.82824.366512.0213.3629.9827.2756.88806.396612.1810.5424.4819.7960.05827.406712.3813.3930.1631.7361.14771.156811.1611.5726.8725.6259.62795.126912.8412.3727.3029.2155.55761.977013.0011.7325.8122.1156.40815.107113.1412.6326.2618.1852.67817.747213.1615.6133.6539.4563.87776.327312.7514.6831.0633.8059.43782.577412.9214.5831.5234.9565.72770.967512.1915.6332.3641.8257.39798.777613.1315.7432.8036.1154.47794.567712.4513.8428.5333.2359.42793.537813.2416.2734.5235.2753.83781.157913.3515.3332.8031.6059.09769.068012.5515.7732.9737.9557.48800.518112.8615.5232.3436.1756.53782.938212.7316.1533.6136.7655.76791.568313.1614.2529.8831.9060.67790.348412.7314.9531.3333.9260.18785.118513.0814.9731.3529.1456.82777.998612.7413.6728.1329.9753.30800.808713.0913.4828.7530.4663.33778.628812.2514.2629.6531.6757.50803.658912.7512.6026.1020.4057.72785.409013.1614.7631.5529.4757.25775.079112.8414.3130.0630.6159.16798.709212.8914.1830.0128.5053.77771.249312.6815.0331.7426.9057.52775.29接下表03 安徽农业科学 2023 年续表 1编号Number水分含量Moisture content%粗蛋白含量Crude protein content%湿面筋含量Wet gluten content%沉降值Sedimentation valuemL硬度Hardness%容重Bulk weightg/L9412.8014.7830.7135.0856.67801.269512.8612.9226.7922.2653.30789.119612.4213.2527.3225.5453.03795.979712.7513.5328.1825.8655.16795.769812.9414.6429.8531.6952.64808.429912.7815.2131.8034.2957.58797.4210013.0713.4728.5727.2361.35788.5010112.5413.6628.0730.8355.95803.0910212.4815.3432.0734.6658.26801.7910313.0913.9529.2731.6859.54794.6810413.1115.8633.8133.0657.83781.2110512.5115.7432.4836.8454.77809.0110613.1816.9035.7634.8153.98784.3310712.6716.1033.8440.2657.61798.7210813.0915.5232.6633.2054.05800.0710913.0914.5830.5429.0754.80788.1411012.8415.6233.0936.2560.77789.4011112.9715.0631.9231.5156.86776.1511212.5515.2631.9234.4555.78797.7611313.1715.6032.5934.6754.38801.6811413.2915.8734.1032.2158.49767.5411512.5814.3129.9932.2757.51803.6411612.6813.4527.8731.2661.74806.0511712.8414.0129.1529.6453.94794.0911813.0015.8333.5334.1255.94786.1211913.2815.4832.8831.6256.18777.8812013.2515.3132.8133.3363.27787.2712112.8113.7428.4927.3954.72804.1512212.8916.6135.4736.0956.07776.2012312.9213.7928.4127.3954.99798.5612412.8514.0729.0324.5449.46796.1612512.9213.8328.5027.6556.62798.5212613.0814.8931.2034.5957.17791.7612713.1414.5330.5028.7153.12782.0512813.4114.2830.5328.9162.48786.2012912.7815.6533.2234.0654.40787.6313012.8613.2927.2731.8961.52811.9613112.6714.8831.5730.2654.64770.1713212.5013.8328.7627.1353.48800.9913312.7512.9826.5321.1349.51786.5113412.3112.7526.0226.5153.40794.3013512.9313.3628.0224.5355.09790.4313612.9111.8424.1619.4853.70794.6113712.8515.5633.2131.8057.85766.8213812.6714.6930.3733.2654.87805.1213913.2814.1229.9629.6462.41796.1314013.0114.2929.4526.6251.94797.4614113.2615.2532.5730.8958.12771.0214212.9114.5330.5232.0558.01788.2914312.8113.0626.5826.4052.23799.6414413.1115.5232.7035.9557.79800.4714512.9015.8032.8934.9654.89795.6814612.9213.8228.9431.5463.64803.2614713.0617.2136.5238.1854.39772.8214812.6214.9230.6533.6254.09806.1414912.6515.7333.5035.5362.63799.2115012.9414.7732.1231.3366.23789.1415112.3314.7831.3532.4761.73779.40接下表1351 卷 3 期 张志鹏等 170 份小麦高代品系品质性状的相关性分析和聚类分析续表 1编号Number水分含量Moisture content%粗蛋白含量Crude protein content%湿面筋含量Wet gluten content%沉降值Sedimentation valuemL硬度Hardness%容重Bulk weightg/L15212.8816.4035.2835.4558.97776.4515313.1515.7533.2636.2354.72789.4615413.0614.2730.1131.5059.52791.0715513.1313.7429.6729.0564.55791.5415612.5615.7633.5437.8361.76796.4615712.4615.8633.8035.6959.42793.2815812.9314.4030.1732.2559.29792.4615912.9315.3232.7232.7157.49769.4816012.9416.1834.1237.2554.99793.2816113.0916.0834.0735.8256.76799.0016212.4214.9531.6533.5961.33785.7316312.6813.0826.3324.7750.91801.5316413.0515.4832.9731.7558.14777.5416512.9615.2931.7132.7550.53801.3516612.8414.7431.1933.4561.05789.9916713.0414.5230.2533.3057.33804.8916812.5714.7830.7432.3852.70792.2516913.3415.7234.2032.0060.35758.1817013.0314.8631.0232.9455.69796.59周麦 18 Zhoumai 18(CK)12.9712.0827.4126.8853.88767.50平均值 Mean12.6413.6529.4929.0257.43800.50标准误差 Standard error0.521.803.255.863.6818.48最大值 Maximum13.4117.2136.5241.8275.06849.45最小值 Minimum10.749.6221.2911.1349.46758.18极差 Range2.677.5915.2330.6925.6091.27变异系数Coefficient of var-iation%4.09 13.21 11.02 20.186.412.312.2 小麦品质性状间的相关性分析 小麦品系不同品质性状的相关性分析如表2 所示。由表2 可知,有11 对性状存在显著或极显著相关性。小麦的容重与水分含量、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值均呈极显著负相关;小麦的硬度与沉降值呈极显著正相关;小麦的沉降值与水分含量、粗蛋白含量和湿面筋含量均呈极显著正相关;小麦湿面筋含量与水分含量和粗蛋白含量均呈极显著正相关;小麦的粗蛋白含量与水分含量呈极显著正相关。由此可见,供试 170 个小麦品系的各品质性状间存在着复杂的相关关系。表 2 小麦品质性状的相关分析Table 2 Correlation analysis of wheat quality traits性状Character水分含量Moisture content粗蛋白含量Crude protein content湿面筋含量Wet gluten content沉降值Sedimentation value硬度Hardness容重Bulk weight水分含量 Moisture content1 粗蛋白含量 Crude protein content0.421 湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content0.280.94 1 沉降值 Sedimentation value0.150.790.851 硬度 Hardness-0.12-0.070.110.281容重 Bulk weight-0.50-0.68-0.61-0.410.121 注:表示在 0.01 水平极显著相关;表示在 0.05 水平显著相关。Note:indicated extremely significant correlation at 0.01 level;indicated significant correlation at 0.05 level.2.3 聚类分析 对供试的 170 个小麦品系采用层次聚类法进行聚类分析,结果表明以小麦的 6 个品质性状为依据可将供试的170 个品系聚为5 个类群(图1)。其中品系1、8 和12等 7 个品系聚为类群(红),品系 17、19 和 60 等 19 个品系聚为类群(蓝),品系43、54 和130、105 等41 个品系聚为类群(绿),品系 139、168 和 81、129 等 79 个品系聚为类群(紫),品系67、92 和152 等24 个品系聚为类群(黄)。聚类分析结果为不同品系间的杂交和优质品种的选育提供了理论依据。3 小结和讨论小麦品质性状在小麦的生产过程当中具有十分重要的作用,因此小麦品质的保障也成为重要的工作。小麦品质性状较为复杂,是多种因素相互作用的综合结果7-18。该试验研究表明,水分含量平均值为 12.64%,变幅为 10.74%13.41%;粗蛋白含量平均值为 13.65%,变幅为 9.62%17.21%;湿面筋含量平均值为 29.49%,变幅为 21.29%23 安徽农业科学 2023 年图 1 170 个小麦品系的系统聚类Fig.1 Systematic clustering of 170 wheat lines36.52%;沉降值平均为 29.02 mL,变幅为 11.1341.82 mL;硬度平均为 57.43%,变幅为 49.46%75.06%;容重平均为800.50 g/L,变幅为 758.18849.45 g/L。变异系数可呈现出性状离散程度,变异系数越小则表明离散程度越低19-22。水分含量与容重变异系数较小,分别为 4.09%和 2.31%。沉降值的变异系数最大为 20.18%。粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和硬度的变异系数分别为 13.21%、11.02%和 6.41%。近年来,在小麦品质性状检测中,利用近红外分析技术可及时了解小麦品质特征特性,提高育种工作效率。该研究采用DA7250 近红外光谱分析仪测定了 170 份自育高代品系材料的水分、粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和容重。供试材料水分均在适宜范围内;粗蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量符合国家强筋小麦标准的品系有 70 个,占 41.18%,其中 70份材料蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量均优于对照品种周麦 18。相关性分析结果表明,容重与水分含量、容重与粗蛋白含量、容重与湿面筋含量、容重与沉降值呈极显著负相关;硬度与沉降值、沉降值与水分含量、湿面筋含量与水分含量、沉降值与粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量与粗蛋白含量、沉降值与湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量与水分含量呈极显著正相关。赵鹏涛等23 研究认为,小麦粗蛋白含量与湿面筋含量和沉降值呈显著或极显著相关,湿面筋含量与沉降值和粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,这与该试验结果一致。夏利娟等20以 35 份小麦品种为供试材料,相关分析结果表明沉降值与粗蛋白含量,湿面筋与粗蛋白,沉降值与湿面筋含量呈极显著相关,这与该试验结果一致。聚类分析能大概区分品质性状的综合表现,如张喜平 等24对 23 个天选系冬小麦品种的 7 个品质性状进行了多样性评价,将 23 个供试品种聚为 5 大类;李珊珊等25对 11 个小麦品种(系)进行了一系列评价,可将11 个小麦品种聚为3群。该试验聚类分析表明,将小麦 170 品系分为 5 个类群,也为选育优质小麦品种提供了理论依据。该研究仅对试验材料 1 年 1 点试验结果进行分析,对表现突出材料组合的更多品质性状还有待进一步深入研究。参考文献1 吴兆苏.小麦育种学M.北京:农业出版社,1990:317-318.2 高璐,高云龙.我国粮食安全问题研究J.价格月刊,2012(8):39-43.3 李茂奇.2018 年10 月16 日是第38 个世界粮食日全球饥饿人数持续上升,世界粮食安全令人关切J.粮食科技与经济,2018,43(10):5.4 黄飞,徐玉波.世界粮食不安全现状、影响因素及趋势分析J.农学学报,2018,8(10):97-100.5 徐春春,纪龙,陈中督,等.2018 年我国水稻产业形势分析及 2019 年展望J.中国稻米,2019,25(2):1-3,9.6 高欢欢,李卫华,穆培源,等.新疆春小麦品种品质性状主成分及聚类分析J.新疆农业科学,2013,50(2):197-203.7 郝学飞,苏东民,林江涛,等.小麦湿面筋 NIR 参数与粉质参数及 SDS沉淀值的相关性研究J.河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(6):8-12.8 张从宇,王敏,张子学,等.小麦品种品质性状的评价及聚类分析J.安徽科技学院学报,2009,23(1):19-22.9 蔚然.面团流变学特性品质分析方法比较与研究J.中国粮油学报,1998,13(3):10-12.10 刘鑫,王晓曦,史建芳,等.配麦和配粉对小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响J.粮食与饲料,2010(7):16-19.11 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