人教版初中英语初二下册Unit1知识讲解与练习.doc

Unit 1 Whats the matter？词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. have a cold have a cold是动词短语，意为“患感冒，伤风”，也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于进行时态，但可与一段时间连用，表示状态；而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作，不能同一段时间连用。例如： I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。 此句也可以表达为： I had/caught/got a cold three days ago. 【拓展】 表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构：（1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如： have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛（2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如： have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛（3）身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如：My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。My legs ache. 我腿疼。（4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如：I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。（5）There is something wrong with + ones + 身体部位。例如： There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。2. rest（1）rest作及物动词，意为“使休息”，作不及物动词，意为“休息”。例如：You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 在大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛。Im tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，我想休息。（2）rest也可以作名词，常用搭配have a rest，表示“休息一下”。例如：You have a cold，and should have a rest. 你感冒了，应该休息一下。3. break（1）break作不及物，意为“弄碎，破碎”。break的过去式为broke，过去分词为broken。例如：Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。（2）break作及物动词，意为“弄碎，弄断”。例如：Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔断了左腿。（3）break作及物动词，意为“不遵守”。例如： As a student, you shouldnt break school rules.作为学生，你不该违反学校规则。【拓展】(1) break down 意为“(机器)坏了”。例如： We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down. 我们很抱歉到晚了，因为车抛锚了。（2）break into 表示“破门而入”。例如： I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。(3）break out 表示“（战争、瘟疫、火灾等）爆发”。例如：World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 4. hurt（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使弄痛”，过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如：He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。(2) hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如： You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat. 你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。I dont mean to hurt you. 我并非有意伤害你。（3）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如： My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路时脚疼。 I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且头痛。5. free free作及物动词，意为“使自由”。例如： Can you free me for half an hour？ 你能让我自由一个小时吗？【拓展】（1）free作形容词，表示“自由的；空闲的”。例如：You are free to ask questions. 你可以请随便问。Are you free tomorrow？你有空吗？ （2）free还可作“免费的”。例如：Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗? The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。（3）free的副词freely可表示“自由地，随便地等”，可位于动词之前或之后。例如：You may speak freely. 你可以直言。He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地写这个事了。6. mean（1）mean作及物动词，表示“打算，意味着”，后接名词，动词不定式短语或从句。例如： The red light means “Stop”. 红灯表示停止。 I mean to go shopping. 我的意思是去购物。The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。 （2）mean的名词形式是“meaning”，表示“意思、含义”。例如： Whats the meaning of the word？ 这个单词的是什么意思？（3）What do / did you mean by.? 该句型的意思是“你是什么意思?” 例如： What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思? 7. lie lie是动词，意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain，现在分词为lying。例如： I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。 【拓展】 (1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如： A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。(2) lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如： Dont lie to me.不要向我撒谎。 The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlying (3)英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如： die dying tie tying lie lying8. breathebreathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词，意为“呼吸”。例如：The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。Its good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。【拓展】辨析breathe和breath这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思，但词性不同。breath 是名词；breathe 是动词。例如：He has run himself out of breath他跑得上气不接下气。Its healthy to breathe deeply in the morning早上做深呼吸对身体有益。breath的常用短语： take a deep breath 深呼吸；out of breath上气不接下气9. ourselvesourselves是反身代词，意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。反身代词的构成是：第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词-self/selves”。例如：myself（我自己），ourselves（我们自己），yourself（你自己），yourselves（你们自己）第三人称是“宾格代词-self/selves”；单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves。例如：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己），themselves（他们自己）注意：对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。常用短语有：by oneself 某人独自 enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得开心teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃、喝dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt oneself 伤了自己词汇精练I. 英汉词组互译。1. have a cold _ 2. 量体温_3. to ones surprise_ 4. 同意做某事_ 5. be used to doing sth. _ 6. 看医生_7. run out of_ 8. 下车_ 9. thanks to _ 10. 及时_ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1. Do you_ (介意) if I open the window？2Be careful，not to _(受伤) yourself3Tom is in a difficult s_4I have made a d_ about my study goal for the new term5We should look after o_ when we are alone at home 6If you have a fever，you s_ lie down and rest7I have a _（牙疼），so I want to see a dentist(牙医) 8They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_ timeIII. 从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1Its hard to make a _(decide) now 2Is she used to _(walk) after supper? 3The _(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad 4As time goes by，we can realize the _(important) of love 5_ he _(have) a sore back? 6He should _(have) some hot water7Look! A dog _(lie) at the door 8We are _(surprise) at the news 9He kept on _(work) though his leg hurt 10No one can be successful _(with) hard work IV. 听力链接。（2015年兰州中考）听句子，选择与所听内容相符的图片。每个句子读两遍。A B CDE1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_【参考答案】I. 英汉词组互译。1.感冒 2.take ones temperature 3.使某人吃惊 4.agree to do sth.5.习惯于做 6.go to see a doctor 7.用尽；耗尽 8.get off9. 多亏；由于 10. in timeII. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decision 5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. freeIII.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1. decision 2.walking 3. death 4.importance 5. Does，have 6. have 7. is lying 8.surprised 9. working 10. withoutIV. 听力链接。1-5 CDABE听力材料：第一节 听句子，选择与所听内容相符的图片。每个句子读两遍。1It was rainy last night2Look at the baby monkeysTheyre very cute3There is something wrong with his heart4My cousin likes playing the piano5The girl crossed her arms，so it seemed that she wasnt interested in the conversation句式精讲1. Whats the matter？ Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如： Whats the matter? 你怎么了？I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。Whats wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？I dont feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。【拓展】 Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.，即Whats the matter with sb./ sth.?或Whats wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了？”例如： Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？Whats wrong / Whats the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？Nothing. 没什么。注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。不能说Whats your wrong? 和Whats your matter?2. What should she do？She should take her temperature.should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldnt。其主要用法有： (1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如： You should take your teachers advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。 You shouldnt be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。 (2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如： The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。3. But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.(1) surprise作动词时，意为“使惊奇，使感到意外、吃惊”。例如： What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？ (2) surprise作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。例如： Her face showed surprise at the news. 听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。（3) surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如： He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。（4）作名词用时常可构成如下短语： to ones surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是”；in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如： To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。 He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。4. He was not ready to die that day.（1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的”。例如： Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗？ Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？（2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做”。例如：Im getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。【拓展】be ready for意为“准备去”，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：Im ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。The chicken will soon be ready for the pot. 这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks.mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如： Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？ Dont mind me.不要管我。【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如： He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。 Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。句式精练I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换)We _ _ in the park yesterday.2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换)_ very important _ _ eight hours a night.3. Its important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) Its important _ _ _ _ a balanced diet.4. Whats the matter with you? (同义句转换)Whats _ _ you?5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句)I _ _ I _ a cold.6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问)_ the _ _ her?7. My head hurts. (同义句转换)I _ a _.8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换)A tall building _ in front of my house.9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换)He _ _ _ return the book three days ago.10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换)I hope _ I _ _ a present for my mother with my own money.II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 你的手表怎么了？ 它不走了。 _ _ _ your watch? Its doesnt work. 2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。 Its necessary _ us _ _ more fruit and vegetables. 3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。 The boy _ _ _ others in English. 4. 你怎么了？ 我牙疼。 _ _ _? I have a _. 5. 你看上去气色不好，请躺下休息一下吧。 You dont look _. Please _ _ and have a rest. 6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。 You _ _ your mother _ the housework.7. 你介意调低音乐吗？Would you _ _ _the music? 8. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。All the students _ _ _ _the sports meeting.III. 补全对话。（2014年黑龙江龙东市中考）Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once.A: Hi, Peter. I see you wearing a pair of glasses. But you didnt wear it before, did you?B: (1) But Im afraid I have to wear it now.A: (2) B: Because I get screen sightedness（近视症）and (3) A: (4) What happened?B: My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot. I suggest you not to do that like me.A: (5) Peter.B: Youre welcome.A. Why? B. Im sorry to hear that.C. No, I didnt. D. Thank you for your advice.E. Yes, I did. F. I cant see things clearly.1 2 3 4 5 【参考答案】I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。1. enjoyed ourselves 2. Its; to sleep 3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. dont think; have 6. Whats; matter with 7. have; headache 8. lies 9. didnt need to 10. that; can buyII.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. Whats wrong with 2. for; to eat 3. enjoys/likes talking with/to 4. Whats the matter; toothache 5. well; lie down 6. should help; with/do 7.mind turning down 8. are getting ready forIII. 补全对话。15 CAFBD