(全国1卷)2020年高三英语模拟预测卷(五).doc

（全国1卷）2020年高三英语模拟预测卷（五）

（全国1卷）2020年高三英语模拟预测卷（五）

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（全国1卷）2020年高三英语模拟预测卷（五）
本试卷6页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等 相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。 .
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域 内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅 笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂。
A
Christmas is coming early this year for “Downton Abbey”《唐顿庄园》fans. Highclere Castle, where the beloved British show was filmed, will be available for one night only on Airbnb.
The stay will offer two lucky guests a glimpse at what life as a Crawley may have been like. The once-in-a-lifetime stay will take place on November 26, 2019, according to the listing.
Highclere Castle belongs to the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon, who still live on the grounds and will host the guests. The Earl is Queen Elizabeth II’s godson.
Reservations for Highclere Castle will become available on October 1 at 7 p.m. ET, and it’s first come, first serve.
The stay at Highclere Castle will cost $159.
In a one-night-only listing, Earl and Lady Carnarvon are inviting one lucky couple to “live like royalty” at their 100,000-square-foot, 300-room estate in Hampshire, England. The chosen pair will be invited to share dinner with the Earl and Countess in the state dining room, followed by coffee in the library. They will then retire to one of the gallery bedrooms with views overlooking 1,000 acres of parkland. Before they leave the following day, the guests can also expect breakfast and a private tour of the grounds that will highlight rooms “Downton Abbey” fans know well, including the drawing room and gallery bedrooms.
Guests will be waited on by the castle’s butler service(管家服务) during dinner and there’s strictly one butler allowed per guest, according to house rules.
Other stipulations for guests include that all newspapers must be ironed, they must wear cocktail attire to dinner, they can only gossip in the downstairs quarters, and there are no pets allowed. But have no fear, there are nine dogs on site who can’t wait to make your acquaintance.
This isn’t the first time the Earl and Countess have opened their doors to the public.
Visitors can take tours of the castle between 9:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. daily from July to September. The castle is also open on various days throughout the year. The couple even hosted the first public Christmas ball at Highclere Castle last year. They’ll be hosting another holiday ball this year, though the specific date hasn’t been announced yet.
“It’s an absolute privilege and pleasure to call Highclere Castle my home and I am delighted to be able to share it on Airbnb for a truly unique stay,” Lady Carnarvon wrote on Airbnb.
“Highclere Castle has been in the Carnarvon family since 1679 and has an incredibly rich history,” the Countess added. “I am passionate about the stories and heritage of Highclere Castle, and I am looking forward to welcoming our future guests.”
The event builds on the excitement for the “Downton Abbey” film.
The film follows the Crawley family as they prepare for a visit from King George V and Queen Mary in 1927. It premieres in theaters on Friday in the US.
1．From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．the guests will stay at Highclere Castle on Christmas Eve
B．Downton Abbey was filmed at Highclere Castle
C．Highclere Castle will offer the guests only B&B
D．all the visitors will be invited to have caffee
2．The stay will ________.
A．be reserved on October 1 at 7 p.m. ET
B．provide the guests with dinner and coffee in the library
C．allow guests to take 9 dogs at most
D．witness a Christmas ball on November 26, 2019
3．The passage is probably a(n) ________.
A．film review B．family introduction C．travel advertisement D．castle story

B
We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超声的)noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems(茎)are cut. It’s just too high-pitched(音调高的)for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz(千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.
On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
Khait’s report also suggest that insets and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth(蛾子)may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, should we be thankful we can’t hear them?
4．What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.
B．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
5．How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.
C．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.
D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
6．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A．The potential applications of the research.
B．Challenges facing farmers in the future.
C．Farmers ‘contributions to the research.
D．What the future agriculture will be like.
7．The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “________”.
A．practical B．unsuspected C．unsupported D．complicated

C
The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, “e-sports” are attracting a large number of audience.
In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.
The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International, a major competition for players of Dota 2, awarded $24 million in prizes, with the winner taking home almost $11 million. A recent e-sports competition attracted more than 80,000 fans to the Olympic Stadium in Beijing, China.
I have to admit that I am not a big fan of computer games. I know that some games can be educational, but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball, baseball and soccer.
And please don’t tell me that competitive gaming is real sport because it requires hand-eye coordination. According to my American Heritage Dictionary, a sport is “an activity involving physical exertion and skill.” I don’t think anyone works up much of a sweat playing video games.
Too often, regular sports send kids a kind of message. Competition starts early, when lots of kids are not ready for the ups and downs of games. Tryouts and travel teams come next, giving too many kids the message they are “not good” at sports. So lots of kids quit sports and start playing more video games.
Maybe everyone in youth sports, including coaches, parents and kids, should think more about the advantages of real sports.

8．What are “e-sports” according to the text?
A．Sports events on television screens.
B．Video computer game competitions.
C．The latest sports in the Olympic Games.
D．Easy sports games for kids.
9．What might the author think of “e-sports”?
A．They are not instructive.
B．They should be banned in school.
C．They need too much time and money.
D．They have some negative influence on children.
10．What does the underlined word “exertion” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Growth. B．Fitness.
C．Effort. D．Energy.
11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce a new kind of sport.
B．To introduce a competition held in Beijing.
C．To explain the importance of playing sports.
D．To call on people to pay more attention to traditional sports.

D
Language is perhaps the most distinctive of human characteristics, but its evolution remains a mystery. Our communication is enhanced by turn — taking (轮流说话) — or the orderly exchange of communicative signals — which has been found to be largely universal across cultures. But this turn-taking behavior is actually widespread across the animal kingdom, according to a large-scale review of studies published in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
In the study, the researchers stressed that one of the marks of turn-taking across all species is fine timing. For example, in some species of songbird, the gap between the calls of two different birds is often less than 50 milliseconds. On the other hand, communication in some species is much slower. As for sperm whales, the gap between each vocal exchange is around two seconds. In humans, there is usually a gap of roughly 200 milliseconds between turns in a conversation.
While many studies have focused on turn-taking behavior in animals, we still know very little about it, partly because the reports are so varied that large-scale cross-species comparison is all but impossible, according to the researchers. “Overall, direct comparisons of turn-taking skills of non-human animals in relation to language origins are highly limited by lack of data, the application of different terms, different study methods and study environments, the authors wrote in the study.” Furthermore, investigations have so far mainly been focusing on single call types or songs of species, limiting a deeper understanding of the variability of turning-taking systems found in the animal kingdom.
In light of this, the researchers proposed a new framework for future studies on turn-taking to make cross-species comparisons easier. “The goal of the framework is to promote large-scale cross-species comparisons”, Kobin Kendrick, from the University of York’s Department of Language and Linguistic Science, said in a statement. “Such a framework will allow researchers to trace the history of this evolution of remarkable turn-taking behavior and solve old questions about the origins of human language.”
12．What can we learn from the text?
A．Turn-taking behavior in all species is well timed.
B．Language is the least distinctive of human characteristics.
C．The gap between turns in a human conversation is about two seconds.
D．Relatively speaking, the gap between the calls of two birds is longer.
13．What makes the non-human animal language studies difficult according to the text?
a. Lack of data.
b. Lack of money.
c. Varied reports and studies.
d. The application of different terms.
A．a b c B．b c d
C．a b d D．a c d
14．We can infer from the text that .
A．cross-species comparison is the hardest to study in the evolution of language
B．turn-taking in animal communication between species is difficult to find
C．non-human language studies should be focused on single call types
D．the turn-taking behavior of animals is similar to that of human beings
15．Why did the researchers put forward a new framework?
A．To encourage more studies on the evolution of turn-taking behaviour.
B．To build a link between animal communication and human language.
C．To make large-scale cross-species comparisons of turn-taking easier.
D．To guide other researchers in how to study animal communication.

第二节 (共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Traveling With a Group? Here’s How to Plan and Stay Friends
From bachelor parties to family reunions, group trips are opportunities to explore the world with the people you love. They also have the potential to be planning messes, with scheduling, decision-making and sorting-out finances coming together. 16． We’ve rounded up tips, tricks and tools to help plan your group trip well.
Understand your group dynamic
Is it a group of friends, or is it a couple of families traveling together? Is it a multigenerational trip with a big age range? These factors all come into play with activity level, comfort zones and rooming. 17． Families might prefer the ease and facilities of a hotel or resort. Big groups of friends might opt to search through home rental sites like VRBO and Airbnb.
Shared apps are vital
Once you’ve decided on the group, figure out when everyone is available. Doodle allows users to create a poll online of possible travel dates and then vote on preferred options. Tried and true Google Sheets is a nice way to organize options for destinations, housing and more in a spreadsheet. 18． It will allow you to send messages both while planning and when traveling.
19．
Tracking expenses is doable via spreadsheet, but still requires a fair amount of work to properly divvy（分摊）up shares and figure out who owes what. Splitwise is a popular app for tracking, prorating and ultimately balancing expenses. It also integrates directly with the payment app Venmo, allowing you to make payments and receive money directly.
Getting group deals
Investigating group deals may be a bit time-consuming. 20． Amtrak recently launched Share Fares, which earns you greater discounts on ticket