初中英语名词讲解及专项练习.doc

1．名词
（课时 :2）
一． 介绍名词含义 :名词是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。
二．名词的分类：
专有名词 ( 人名，地名，机构 )
William，Linda, Canada，China，the United Nations, WTO

普通名词
可数名词: 包括 单数(只有一个) 和 复数(两个以上).
不可数名词: 只有单数.
物质名词 milk， water， tea， bread，beef, meat, rice， fish， coffee，sugar，salt
抽象名词 information， friendship， knowledge， work， advice， science, news, weather

三．重点:
单数名词 变 复数名词 的规则：
1. 一般情况下，加“s”. eg: books，stamps， pens， tables

2. 以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，加 “es”
eg: buses， boxes， foxes， watches， matches， beaches， coaches, brushes

3. 以 “o ”, 结尾的，加 “es ”or “s ”
eg: Negroes [ˈni:grəʊ]、 heroes、 volcanoes [vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]、 tomatoes、 potatoes、
radios、 pianos、 zoos、 photos、 bamboos、video
需加es的记忆技巧：黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）在火山上（volcano）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）
4. 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的，把“y”变为“i”，再加“es ”.
eg: city -- cities， country -- countries， family -- families, story -- stories

5. 以“f” 或 “fe” 结尾的， 把“f” 或 “fe”变为“ves”。
eg: thief—thieves wife—wives life -- lives half—halves leaf -- leaves， knife -- knives，wolf – wolves, shelf—shelves, loaf—loaves
记忆技巧：贼人（thief）的妻子（wife）在她一生（life）中用半（half）片树叶（leaf）当刀子（knife）杀死了七匹狼（wolf）然后去偷架子（shelf）上的面包（loaf）。

6）不规则变化：
man - men， woman - women， policeman - policemen, child - children， ox - oxen
foot - feet， tooth - teeth, goose - geese, mouse - mice， fish - fish， sheep - sheep
deer - deer， means–means， Chinese - Chinese， Japanese - Japanese

注意： 当 man / woman 作定语、修饰复数名词时，man / woman 与所修饰的名词要同时变为复数。
例如： a man teacher --- men teachers;
a woman teacher --- women teachers

四．重点：
名词的所有格 （--- 的）
（1）单数名词词尾加 's ； 以 s 结尾的单数名词， 则只加 ’.
the boy’s bag； Mary’s cap； Mr James’office

（2）复数名词 如果不以 s 结尾，则加 's ； 复数名词 如果以 s 结尾， 则只加 ’.
the Children’s Palace men’s room
the teachers’ reading-room 10 minutes’walk

（3）如果表示 几个人共有一样东西，只需 在最后一个人的名字后面加 's .
如果表示 各自所有，就必须 在各个名字后面加 's .
This is Tom and Mark’s room.
These are Tom’s and Mark’s rooms.

（4）the + 名词 ·of ·名词
the windows of the house
the name of the city
the picture of the Tom

's 结构 也可以转换成 of结构

the girl’s name -- the name of the girl
Tom’s friend -- the friend of Tom

（5）a + 名词 ·of ·名词's / a + 名词 ·of ·名词性物主代词 ( 表示“其中之一” )
a picture of Tom’s ; a friend of mine

名词专项训练

1．-- Are there any in the zoo ?
-- Yes, there are some.
A. panda B. lion C. tiger D. deer
2．There is only one doctor and several nurses in this hospital.
A. man / woman B. man / women C. men / woman D. men / women
3．-- What can I do for you ?
-- I’d like two .
A. bottle of orange juice B. bottle of orange juices
C. bottles of orange juice D. bottles of orange juices
4．This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anna and Jane B. Anna’s and Jane’s
C. Anna’s and Jane D. Anna and Jane’s
5．We’ll have a holiday. What about going to the Great Wall ?
A. four days B. four-day C. four-days D. four day’s
6．Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
7．How many can you see in the picture ?
A. water B. child C. deer D. factorys
8．This is an old photo of mine. At that time I had .
A. short hairs B. short hair
C. many short hair D. much short hairs
9．-- Where are the ?
-- They are playing football on the playground.
A. boys students / the B. boy students / the
C. boy student / X D. boy students / X
10．I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there’s something wrong with his .
A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. ears
11．Jenny gave us on how to learn English well.
A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice
12．We have bought two for the coming party.
A. box of strawberry B. boxes of strawberries
C. box of strawberries D. boxes of strawberry
13．Mr Smith is a friend of .
A. John’s uncle B. John uncle’s
C. John’s uncle’s D. John uncle
14．-- Would you like tea ?
-- No, thanks. I have drunk two .
A. any / bottle of juice B. some / bottles of juice
C. many / bottles of juices D. few / bottles of juice
15．These are the toys.
A. child B. children C. children’s D. children’
16．There are hardly any in the river now because of the pollution.
A. duck B. fish C. goose D. water
17．She told me the day before yesterday.
A. a good news B. such a good news
C. so good a news D. a piece of good news
18．I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
19．There all kinds of in this shop.
A. are / watches B. be / watches C. is / watches D. be / watch
20．There are on the desk.
A. a paper B. some papers
C. a piece of paper D. some pieces of paper
21．I’d like , please.
A. two bottle of beer B. two bottle of beers
C. two bottles of beer D. two bottles of beers
22．These are backpacks.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucy’s
C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily’s and Lucy’s
23．We’ll have this summer.
A. a two months vacation B. two months vacation
C. a two-months vacation D. a two-month vacation
24．I go to the once a month.
A. barber B. barbers C. barber’s D. barbers’
25．I want to know opinion.
A. everyone’s else B. everyone else
C. everyone else’s D. everyone elses’
26．I walked into the office, and put the letter on my desk.
A. teacher’s / teacher’s B. teachers’ / teachers’
C. teacher’s / teachers’ D. teachers’ / teacher’s
27．There’s no for more cars in the parking lot. It is too crowded.
A. room B. rooms C. house D. houses
28．My shoes were worn out, so I decided to buy a new .
A. show B. shoes C. pair D. one
29．Could you speak in a loud ? I can’t hear you clearly.
A. voice B. noise C. sound D. throat
30．Only one has been chosen. I don’t know whether it is a man or a woman.
A. people B. person C. man D. woman
31.You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet.
A.map B.picture C. ticket D. information

32. All the teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women

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