施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)Unit 5答案.pdf

A Listening Course 4施心远主编听力教程4（第2版）答案Unit5Section One:Tactics for ListeningPart 1:Listening and Translation1.Stocks,bonds,land-people invest in different things and for different reasons.股票、债券、土地-人们由于不同原因进行不同的投资。2.But all investors share the same goal.但是所有的投资者都有一个共同的目标。3.They want to get more money out of their investment than they put into it.他们希望通过投资获得比所有投入的资金更多的货币回报。4.The money they invest today provides capital for future growth in the economy.他们今天的投资为将来经济的发展提供了资金。5.Investors have to decide how much risk they are willing to take and for how long.投资者必须决定自己愿意在多长的时间范围内承受多大的风险。Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Dialogue The Bank ManagerExercise:Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1.D 2,A 3.D 4.B5.C 6.C 7.A 8.CPart 2 Passage Stock Market:How it WorksEx.A.Pre-listening QuestionWhat do you know about stock market in China?The Shanghai Stock Exchange was founded on November 26th,1990 and in operation on December 19th the same year,and Shenzhen Stock Exchange was established on December 1st,1990.Ex.B:Sentence Dictation1.A wave of selling triggered widespread price declines in stock markets from New York to Australia.The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 508 points in the panicked rush to sell.2.The stock market is the means through which previously issued corporate stocks,shares of ownership in a corporation,are traded.3.However,the forces influencing the prices of corporate stocks are quite different from those influencing the prices of goods and services.4.People and organizations who buy and hold stock do so for the incomes they hope to earn.5.When Black Monday finally reeled to a close,many a portfolio had lost over a fifth of the value it had the day before.Ex.C:Detailed Listening.1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8,CEx.D:After-listening Discussion1.What is Black Monday”?On October 19,1987,a wave of selling triggered widespread declines in stock markets from New York to Australia.That day is“Black Monday.On that day,there were hardly any buy orders,and the markets were flooded with sell orders.Over 600 million shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange-more than twice the NYSEs average sales volume.The Dow Jones Industrial Average of the prices of 30 stocks of major US companies lost 22.6 percent of its value on that memorable day,plunging 508 points in the panicked rush to sell.When Black Monday finally reeled to a close,many a portfolio had lost over a fifth of the value it had the day before.2.Do you like to be a broker?Why?Open.Script of Passage:Stock Market:How It WorksOn Monday,October 19,1987,a wave of selling triggered widespread price declines in stock markets from New York to Australia.ON that day,now infamous as“Black Monday”,over 600 million shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange-more than twice theNYSEs average sales volume.The Dow Jones Industrial Average of the prices of 30 stocks of major US companies lost 22.6 percent of its value on that memorable day,plunging 508 points in the panicked rush to sell.What is the stock market,and how is it affected by the forces of supply and demand?The stock market is the means through which previously issued corporate stocks,shares of ownership in a corporation,are traded.Stock exchanges are organizations whose members act as intermediaries to buy and sell stocks for their clients.About 80 percent of all stock trading in the United States takes place at the New York Stock Exchange.There are other stock exchanges in the United States as well as in Paris,London,Sydney and Tokyo.How are stock prices determined?The answer;as you might expect,is by supply and demand.However,the forces influencing the prices of corporate stocks are quite different from those influencing the prices of goods and services.People and organizations who buy and hold stock do so for the incomes they hope to earn.The incomes depend on dividends paid to stockholders,changes in the incomes they hope to earn.The incomes depend on dividends paid to stockholders,changes in the price of stock over time,and the expected return compared to the return on alternative investments.On any given day in the stock market,there are orders to buy and orders to sell.The orders to buy constitute the quantity of a stock demanded at the current(or anticipated)price per share,while the orders to sell constitute the quantity supplied at that price.The chief influence on both the supply of and demand for stocks is the income potential of holding the stock compared to the income potential of holding alternative assets such as bonds,other types of securities,or real property like buildings and land.On the New York Stock Exchange,trading in all stocks is continuous.A specialist is assigned to oversee trading in each stock.This specialist is a brokers broker who tries to adjust the price of the stock so that quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.However;the specialist is also allowed to purchase the stock to hold as a personal investment if no buyer can be found.In this way the specialist can exert some influence on the supply of and demand for stocks,and will do so if its profitable.On October 19,1987,there were hardly any buy orders,and the markets were flooded with sell orders.Because of the tremendous surplus of stocks at the prevailing prices,specialists and call clerks lowered prices until quantity demanded equaled quantity supplied.When Black Monday finally reeled to a close,many a portfolio had lost over a fifth of the value it had the day before.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex.A:Summarize the newsThis news item is about the fact that Arctic is the warmest in twomillennia.Ex.B:Listen again and fill in the blanks.Scientists have produced evidence showing dramatically that the current temperature rise there is highly unusual.For most of the last two thousand years,the Arctic slowlv cooled,a consequence of variations in the Earths orbit.But over the last century,the cooling abruptly reversed,and the region is now warmer than at anv time in the 2,000 year record.Writing in the journal Science,the researchers say this shows how quickly the Arctic responds to climatic chances.News Item 2Ex.A:Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis item is about WWFs accusation auvMst European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers of contributinq to global deforestation by usinq recycled material.Ex.B:Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1.How many trees are being discarded as tissue paper each day?More than a quarter of a million trees.2.What did the report find?The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vastmajority of products by European toilet and tissue papermanufacturers.3.Where are the fibers used by European toilet and tissue paper companies taken from?The fibers are taken from natural forests in South Africa,Asia,Europe and across the Americas.4.What have most of the toilet and tissue paper manufacturers failed to do?Most of the companies have failed to take effective measures to prevent illegal or controversial timber from being used in their products.Script of News Item Two:The international conservation group,WWF,has accused European toilet and tissue paper manufacturers of contributing to global deforestation by not using enough recycled material.A spokesman said more than a quarter of a million trees were in fact being flushed down toilets or discarded as rubbish each day.The report found alarmingly low levels of recycled fibers in the vast majority of products and said the fibers were instead being taken from natural forests in South Africa,Asia,Europe and across the Americas.Using virgin forest to make toilet paper,says the report,is wasteful and unnecessary.The report also warns that illegal and unsustainable logging and conflicts over land rights still exist in many of these areas and that all but one of the companies have so far failed to take effective measures to prevent illegal or controversial timber from being used in their products.News Item 3Ex.A:Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about the wamMgs from specialists that dimate can drive some species of miaratinq animals towardsextinction.Ex.B Listen to the news and complete the following outlineFindings:Climate change can drive some species of migrating animals towards extinction.Reason:Birds,mammals and reptiles are finding it increasingly difficult to follow their usual migrating patterns.Examples:1.The spreadiriH Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swallows to make the epic iournev from Southern Africa.2.Risins sea levels will destroy many coastal habitats for turtles and wading birds.3.Warmer oceans could lead to some turtle species becoming entirely female.Script of News Item 3Scientists are warning that climate change could drive some species of migrating animals towards extinction.A report by European ornithologists and zoologists say that birds,mammals and reptiles are finding it increasingly difficult to follow their usual migration patterns.This report by ornithologists and zoologists warns that global warming will cause increasing problems for many migrating species.For example,the spreading Sahara Desert could make it impossible for swallows to make their epic journey from Southern Africa,and rising sea levels will destroy many coastal habitats for turtles and wading birds.The study even suggests that warmer oceans could lead to some turtle species becoming entirely female.The selection of sex is closely linked to sea temperature.Section FourPart 1 Feature reportScript：Money,Fame,Power Dont Motivate Most WorkersIn his new book,titled Drive,author Daniel Pink says theres a big gap between what science knows and what business leaders know about how to motivate a workforce.Pink says most businesses operate today on the carrot-and-stick system of rewards and punishments.Employees are rewarded for good performance,and penalized for performing badly.According to Pink,the carrot-and-stick approach usually works well in situations where workers are performing simple,routine tasks,like checking products on an assembly line or packing boxes.But for jobs that require creativity,and deeper,more complex thinking,such as writing or designing,employers need to take a different approachPink says it is important to recognize people are not as motivated by external factors like cash rewards as they are by things that interest them.He calls these intrinsic or internal motivators.Intrinsic motivator is doing something for the sake of the activity itself.So you play the banjo because you like to play the banjo.Extrinsic motivator is doing something in order to get a reward.So I might work really hard because whoever with the most sales will get a$100 gift card.”According to Pink,intrinsic motivators can be broken down into three components:The first is autonomy,that is,self-direction.Another one is mastery,that is,our desire to become better at something that matters,and finally,purpose,which is to do what we do in service of something larger than ourselves.Those are really the pathway to high performance on a whole range of things,says Pink,especially on the more creative,conceptual,complex things that more and more people in this country,in the UnitedStates,in Western Europe,in Canada,in Australia,in Japan in much of the industrialized world are doing.Pink goes on to explain the importance of autonomy in situations where people are in restricted environments:The history of humans of all kinds of societies-western,eastern,modern,ancient-is that human beings typically resist control.Pink believes the greatest things that have happened in human civilization have been the result of people being able to do what they wanted to do and how they wanted to do it:Most great pieces of art,most great pieces of music,many great architectural triumphs,many great technological innovations,the things that last and endure,are often the product,obviously,of human ingenuity,but also the product of the autonomy that allowed people to be ingenious,he says.Another element of intrinsic motivation,says Pink,is the mastery.What the greatest motivator we have is the desire to get better at stuff.There is a Harvard business school research that the biggest motivator at work-by far-is making progress.That are the days that people feel most engaged,most motivated,are the days when theyve made some progress in their work.Pink says thats why it is so important managers recognize and validate progress in their employees work.“In my view,the managers great roles is to help people see their progress,and to recognize progress and celebrate progress.Making progress is one of those things that make up the virtuous circle,so that if you make progress one day,youre more likely to be motivated,which makes it more likely that youll make progress the next day.And beyond progress,says Pink,theres a third element of intrinsic motivation,the universal human desire for a sense of purpose.We tend to work better when we know what were doing matters in some way/he says.Not necessarily matters in some super transcendent eliminate-green-house-gases from the atmosphere way,but can be simply writing a great story that helps people understand their world a little bit better;or creating a product that makes people live their lives a little easier;or creating something that brings beauty to somebodys life.Daniel Pink believes that as we learn more about the science of human motivation,society will adapt.Author Daniel Pink says todays business managers,facing the increasingly competitive pressures of a global marketplace,may be more inclined than ever before to question traditional attitudes about what motivates,and ultimately fulfills us,as humans.Part 2 PassageExercise B Dictation1.Agreements among parties in a competing relationship can raise antitrust suspicions.Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves.2.Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose of an agreement to determine its legality.3.Prices may increase if consumer demand for a product is particularly high and the supply is limited.4.Recent cases involved a group of physicians charged with using a boycott to prevent a managed care organization from establishing a competing health care facility in Virginia.5.The FTC recently charged a group of auto dealers with restricting comparative and discount advertising to the detriment of consumers.Exercise Cl.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.FScript:Agreements among parties in a competing relationship can raise antitrust suspicions.Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves.Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose of an agreement to determine its legality.竞争者间的横向协定：相互之间有竞争关系的市场主体间的协 定很可能引起反托拉斯当局的怀疑。竞争们可能协商在他们自己之间 进行限制竞争。反托拉斯当局需要通过调查该协定的影响和目的来确 认其合法性。Agreements about price or price-related matters such as credit terms potentially are the most serious.Thats because price often is the prin