计算机在机械和电子控制产业领域的广泛应用.doc

个人收集整理 勿做商业用途计算机在机械和电子控制产业领域的广泛应用（中英文结合）论文摘要： 概括说明机械电子控制产业发展的情况，重点介绍计算机技术在机械电子控制产业领域以及工业生产制造和人们日常生活中的广泛应用。Paper pick to： outline mechanical electronic control industry development situation, focusing on computer control technology in machinery and electronics industry and industrial manufacturing and is widely used in Peoples Daily life.0 引言0 the introduction机械工业是人类社会的助力产业，包括焊剂制造业、封头厂、节水灌溉技术、电力管制造业等.现代科学技术的发展极大地推动了机械工业领域的变革，同时给相关生产产业带来了巨大的影响,提高了生产水平和技术。随着各种技术之间相融合的发展，以计算机电子技术、机械技术为核心的机电控制领域将给工业及科研等领域带来更多的实际应用。The development of modern science and technology has greatly promoted the changes in the field of mechanical industry， at the same time to the production industry has brought the huge influence, improve the level of the production and technology。 Along with the development of fusion between a variety of technologies， computer electronic technology and mechanical technology as the core of mechanical and electrical control will bring more to industry and scientific research in areas such as the practical application。文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络1 计算机技术与机电控制技术的发展概况1 the development of computer technology and mechanical and electrical control technology1.1 计算机控制理论的形成与技术的发展1.1 computer control the formation of the theory with the development of the technology忽略数字信号的量化效应，可以将计算机控制系统看成采样控制系统,在这一系统中，将其中连续的环节离散化,则整个系统又可看成由不同的离散系统构成。计算机控制理论的发展主要是将采样理论、差分方程、变换理论、状态空间理论和系统辨识自适应控制等理论综合应用到控制技术中,使计算机控制系统有了初步发展。对于结构复杂、时变的非线性系统,控制系统则融入了鲁棒控制、模糊控制、预测控制等多种新型理论,逐步形成了工业过程控制系统的一个新方向。Ignore the quantitative effect of digital signals， the sampling control system, computer control system can be as in the system， includes the link of discretization of continuous, and the entire system can be regarded as composed of different discrete systems。 The development of the computer control theory is mainly the sampling theory, differential equations, transformation theory, the state space theory and system identification theory integrated application to control technology such as adaptive control， computer control system has the preliminary development. For complex， time-varying nonlinear system structure, control system into the robust control， fuzzy control and predictive control, a variety of new theories, gradually formed a new direction of industrial process control system。个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途自世界第一台电子计算机问世后，计算机首先被用来自动检测化工生产过程的过程参量并进行相关的数据处理,同时也研究了计算机的开环控制。到二十世纪六十年代，出现了用于过程控制的计算机,实现了直接数字控制.后经集中式计算机控制系统发展到现在的以微处理器为核心的分层式控制系统控制,通过计算机对生产过程进行集中监视、操作和管理控制等。伴随着计算机处理器等技术的发展,计算机控制技术也随之发生相应的变革,最终应用到工业生产中并对其产生巨大影响.Came out from the worlds first electronic computer, the computer was first used to automatically detect chemical production process and process parameters in data processing， but also studies the open loop control computer。 Appeared in the 1960 s, computers for process control, direct digital control was realized。 After the centralized computer control system development to the present with microprocessor as the core of a hierarchical control system control, through the computer to centralized monitoring， operation and management of production process control, etc. Along with the computer processor, etc. The development of technology, computer control technology is corresponding change accordingly, eventually applied to industrial production and the huge impact。文档为个人收集整理,来源于网络个人收集整理，勿做商业用途1。2 机械和电子控制技术的发展和现状1。2 mechanical and electrical control technology development and the status quo在生产、科研等诸多领域里，有大量的物理量需要按某种变化规律进行控制.在二十世纪三十年代之前，工业生产多处于手工操作的状态。最初采用基地式仪表控制压力温度等在一恒定范围内,初步有了对工业生产的机械控制实践。随着电子技术的迅速发展和计算机控制系统的出现,直接实现了工业生产中各参量和过程的数字控制.计算机的微型化使控制技术更加智能化,同时将机械、电子、计算机技术和控制技术有机结合的机电一体化技术也得到迅猛发展，且越来越被广泛的应用到各生产领域。目前主要形成并应用的机电控制技术主要有PID控制，PID是经典控制理论的代表,它吸收了智能控制思想并利用计算机的优势，形成了自适应PID和非线性PID等更利于控制的变种PID控制器。另外还有模糊控制（FLC）、变结构控制等,均随着计算机领域的发展在不断地拓宽。In many fields such as production, scientific research, there are a large number of quantities need to change according to certain rules to control. Until the 1930 s， industrial production is in a state of manual operation. With initial JiDeShi instrument control temperature at a constant pressure within the scope of preliminary with the mechanical control of the industrial production practice. With the rapid development of electronic technology and the emergence of the computer control system, directly to realize the industrial production of each parameter and process in the digital control。 The miniaturization of computers make more intelligent control technology， at the same time， the machinery, electronics， computer technology and control technology of organic combination of mechanical and electrical integration technology has also got rapid development， and more and more widely applied to various production fields。 At present the main form and main application of mechanical and electrical control technology with PID control， PID is a representative of the classical control theory， it absorbs the ideas of intelligent control and the advantage of using computer， formed the adaptive nonlinear PID and the PID are more conducive to control the variation of the PID controller。 And fuzzy control， variable structure control (FLC)， etc., all with the development of the computer field in continuously widened.个人收集整理，勿做商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途2 机电一体化的发展及在工业上的广泛应用2 the development of the electromechanical integration and widely used in industry2。1 机电一体化的简介和生产应用2.1 mechanical and electrical integration of profile and production application机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及计算机软件系统集合起来所构成的系统总称,综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、计算机技术、电力电子技术等对各生产领域的控制过程进行监督操作.它主要应用领域有数控机床，通过相应的数控技术，在工业操作上结构、功能、操作精度上都有明显的提高。采用多CPU和多主线的体系结构,丰富了数控功能,也提高了生产效率.Electromechanical integration refers to the agencys main function， dynamic function， information processing and control functions on the introduction of electronic technology， mechanical and electronic design and computer software system which is set up, the integrated use of mechanical technology， microelectronics technology， computer technology， power electronic technology, etc for each production operation control process in the field of supervision. Its main application fields are CNC machine, through the corresponding numerical control technology， in the industrial operation on structure, function， operating precision， have obvious improvement。 Use more CPU and the main line of architecture， enriched the nc function， also can improve the production efficiency。个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络柔性制造系统的应用是计算机技术和制造系统在机电控制工业的应用，是计算机化的制造系统。它主要由计算机、数控机床、自动化仓库等组成。在工业上，它可以随机地、按量地按照装配部门的要求，生产其能力范围内的任何工件，更适用于多品种，小批量等的离散零件的批量生产。Application of flexible manufacturing system is a computer technology applications in mechanical and electrical control of industrial and manufacturing system, is a computerized manufacturing system。 It is mainly composed of computer, nc machine tools， automatic warehouse etc。 In industry, it can be randomly and volume according to the requirements of assembly department， the production the ability within the scope of any artifacts that are more suitable for many varieties, small batch and mass production of discrete parts.文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络交流传动技术的发展也是随着电子技术和计算机技术的发展在工业上有了重要的应用，尤其是在钢铁工业中,使复杂的矢量控制技术得以实现，无论是大容量电机还是小容量电机现均可使同步电机或者异步电机实现可逆滑调速。也使交流传动系统在轧钢生产中得到广泛的应用。Ac drive technology development is also with the development of electronic technology and computer technology have important applications in the industry, especially in the steel industry, make complex vector control technology, whether the large capacity motor or small capacity now all can realize reversible synchronous motor or induction motor slip speed. Also make the ac drive system has been widely used in steel rolling production.可编程控制器(PLC)是集计算机技术和自动控制化技术于一体的新型控制系统.这一系统解决了工业控制系统中大量开关控制的问题，逐渐取代了耗能多、故障率高的继电器控制系统。随着PLC技术的进步，其应用领域更是不断扩大，可采集存储数据,还可对控制系统进行监控.PLC能编制各种各样的控制算法程序，完成闭环控制。这种过程控制在冶金、化工、热处理、锅炉控制等场合有非常广泛的应用.此外，随着工厂网络自动化的发展，PLC可实现通信及联网功能，更有助于工业生产的控制过程的监控。如今，PLC技术已经被广泛应用于冶金、石油、化工、建材、机械制造、电力、汽车、轻工、环保以及文化娱乐等各行各业。Programmable controller (PLC） is the collection computer technology and automatic control technology in the integration of the new control system。 This system solved the problems of switch control in industrial control systems, gradually replacing the more energy consumption and high failure rate of relay control system。 With the progress of PLC technology， its application field is constantly expanding， can store data, but also to monitor control system。 PLC can prepare various kinds of control algorithm procedures， complete the closedloop control。 This kind of process control in metallurgy, chemical industry, heat treatment, boiler control and so on have very extensive application. In addition, with the development of factory automation network， PLC can realize the communication and networking， more help to monitor the control process of industrial production。 Nowadays, PLC technology has been widely used in metallurgy， petroleum, chemical industry， building materials， machinery manufacturing， electric power, automobile, light industry, environmental protection and cultural entertainment and so on all walks of life。个人收集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络2。2 计算机在机械和电子控制产业的应用实例2。2 the application of computers in industry mechanical and electrical control instance计算机技术和机械电子控制技术一体化的有机结合，不断使相关的新技术应用到更多的领域中去，这些应用到的领域已经不再局限于工业的生产，更多技术是切身关系到我们日常的工作和生活。下面举几个具体实例来介绍计算机技术和机电控制相结合的实际应用。Computer technology and the combination of mechanical and electrical control technology integration, make the relevant new technology applied into more fields, these is applied to the field is no longer limited to industrial production, technology is more intimate relationship to our daily work and life. Here are a few specific examples to introduce the computer technology and the mechanical and electrical control combining the practical application.PLC实现了机械手移动工件的控制过程。随着世界经济和技术的发展,人类活动的范围不断扩大，机器人的应用正迅速向社会生产和生活的各个领域扩展,并从制造领域转向非制造领域,各种各样的机器人产品随之出现。随着机器人的生产和大量应用，很多领域，许多单一、重复的机械工作由机器人（也称机械手）来完成.工业机器人是一种能进行自动控制的、可重复编程的、多功能的、多自由度的、多用途的操作机，广泛采用工业机器人，不仅可提高产品的质量与产量，而且对保障人身安全，改善劳动环境，减轻劳动强度，提高劳动生产率,节约原材料消耗以及降低生产成本有重要意义。与计算机及网络技术相结合应用的工业机器人的广泛使用正在日益改变着人类的生产和生活方式。The control process of PLC to realize the manipulator movement artifacts. With the development of world economy and technology, expanding the scope of human activity, the use of robots are rapidly expand to the various fields of social production and life， and from manufacturing to the manufacturing sector， a variety of robot products emerged。 As the robot production and a large number of applications, many areas, many of the single and repetitive mechanical work done by robot manipulator (also known as)。 Industrial robot is a kind of programming can be automatically controlled, repeatable, multi-functional， more degrees of freedom, multipurpose CaoZuoJi, widely used in industrial robots， not only can improve the quality of products and production, and to safeguard the personal safety， improve working environment, reduce labor intensity and improve labor productivity, save the raw material consumption and reduce the production cost has important significance. And combined with the application of computer and network technology is widely used in industrial robots are increasingly changing the human production and way of life。文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络农业方面，机械作业过程中驾驶室内的仪表盘正迅速由电子监视仪表取代并逐步由单一参数显示方式向智能化信息显示终端过渡，以此来改善人机交互界面。这种智能化显示终端又被称为虚拟化仪器显示终端（Virtual Display Terminal)，它代表了当代仪器与控制装置发展的主流方向。它可通过屏幕任意选择显示机组中不同部分的终端信息，在屏幕上按操作者的需求，调用数据库信息,显示数据、图形、语音等多媒体信息。另外，还可以将数据信息动态存入类似信用卡尺寸大小的高密度智能化数据存储卡，将农业作业过程的数据信息通过智能卡带回办公室,由计算机应用高级软件进行处理。也可以将管理者的决策和操作指令通过智能卡传送到拖拉机上的智能控制终端，实现自动控制农机的操作.Agriculture， machinery operation in the process of driving the indoor dashboard is rapidly replaced by electronic monitoring instrumentation and gradually by a single parameter display mode to make the transition to intelligent information display terminal， in order to improve the humancomputer interaction interface。 This intelligent Display Terminal is also known as Virtual instrument Display terminals （Virtual Display Terminal)， it represents the contemporary mainstream direction of the development of the instruments and control devices. It can be either through the screen display units in different parts of the terminal information， meet the requirements of the operator on the screen, called the database information, data, graphics, voice and other multimedia information. In addition, dynamic data information can also be deposited in the similar intelligent high density data storage card credit card size, agricultural process data information through smart card back to the office， senior application software for processing by computer. Can also be a managers decision making and using smart CARDS to send the instructions to intelligent control terminal on the tractor, automatically control the operation of agricultural machinery.本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理，勿做商业用途PLC在自动售货机中的应用.自动售货机通过顾客选择商品开关,投入的硬币值由PLC驱动数码管显示,经过光传感器识别,通过判断，进行下一步操作,经过PLC的系统控制和信号输出完成售卖过程。计算机技术和机电自动控制在自动售货机中的这项应用极大方便了人们的生活,也使PLC的应用更加广泛。PLC application in the vending machine。 Vending machine through the switch customers choose goods， into hard currency driven by PLC digital tube display, through light sensors to identify, through the judgment, for the next step operation， through the PLC control system and the signal output to complete the selling process. Computer technology and mechanical and electrical automatic control of the application in the vending machine is great convenience to peoples life, and also make the PLC application more widely.文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途交通信号灯系统也是微机软件应用到电子控制系统中的典型实例。通过主要应用PLC技术控制十字路口的信号灯动作。准确无误的完成信号灯的变灯动作来控制时间，这项应用更是极大方便了人们日常生活工作的出行。Traffic light system is computer software is applied to the typical example in the electronic control system. PLC technology is applied by the main control signal of the crossing。 Accurate action to control the time to complete signal light changes, the application is greatly convenient Peoples Daily life work travel.电脑横机中计算机技术的应用给机械编织行业带来了巨大的变革。现在的电脑横机是一种涉及到计算机、机械、电子、控制等诸多领域的复杂系统.电脑横机的编织是一个极其复杂的过程，最初的横机是手动横机，只能胜任比较简单的编织过程。随着计算机技术应用到电脑横机中,通过电脑的自动控制，设计人员可对编织花型进行数字化设计,通过计算机数字直接控制机械的退圈、垫沙、脱圈、弯沙等相应的机械编织动作，由计算机指令控制系统完成整个设计的编织,极大地提高了工业生产效率。Computer flat knitting machine in the application of computer technology to machine knitting industry has brought the huge change。 The present computer flat knitting machine is a kind of involved many fields such as computer， machinery, electronics， control of complex systems。 Computer flat knitting machine weaving is an extremely complex process, the original flat knitting machine is manual flat knitting machine， can only do simple weaving process. Along with the computer technology applied to computer flat knitting machine， automatic control by computer， design personnel can weave pattern for digital design， digital direct contr