Grammar语法现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态(学生版)高一英语讲义(译林版2020必修第二册).docx

Unit 2Be sporty, be healthy2.2 Grammar现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 册:知识精讲概念(-)现在完成时的被动语态.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently 等副词连用。现在完成时的被动语态的形式肯定式主语+ have/has +been + done否定式主语+have/has + not + been done一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+been+ done特殊疑问式疑问词+have/has+主语 + been+doneThe pliter has already been repaired.机器已经修好了。1 .表示个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连 用，或用于“How long？ ”句型中。The problems of the pany have been discussed for nearly two hours.公司的问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。How long has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？2 .用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被 动语态。You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语recently/lately 最近since then从那时起ever since自那以来by now到现在为止for a long time很长一段时间ever曾经in recent years在最近几年里yet已经in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里already 已经so far迄今为止注意的问题1 .现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情 况有联系。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建成的。The bridge has been built.这座桥已经建好了。（现在可以使用了）.一些瞬间动词,如：borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join 等构成的现在完成时的被 动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改为相应的延续性动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？【误 How long has this book been bought?【正 How long ago was this book bought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买书。2 .短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。3 .只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We have built many houses in the past ten years.Many houses have been built in the past ten years.4 .带有双宾语的动词,如 give, send, bring, take, teach, show, telL make, sing, write read, sellt buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。Wc have given him the book.He has been given the book.The book has been given to him.5 .带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的真补改为主语补足语。原来省略I。的不 定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带I。的不定式。I have （old them to help you.They have been told to help you.（-）现在进行时的被动语态.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now, at the momenl等时间状语。现在进行时的被动语态的形式肯定式am/is/are + being done否定式am/is/are + not +being done一般疑问式Am/ls/Are+主语+being done特殊疑问式疑问词+is/are +主语+being doneAs far as I know, he is now being treated in India.据我所知，他现在正在印度接受治疗。1 .表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行。Many interesting activities are being carried out these days.最近许多有趣的活动正在被进行着。（说话时，并不一定正在进行）.表示一种经常性的被动行为，常与always, constantly, frequently等副词连用，往往带有夸奖、羡慕、埋怨、 讨厌等感情色彩。I feel very amazed that the glasses of our living room are frequently being broken.让我感到非常吃惊的是我们起居室的玻璃杯经常被打破。fii分层提分题组A基础过关练一、单项选择Hi, Terry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?一Sorry.A. Il is repaired.B. It has been repaired.C. It is being repaired.D. It had been repaired.1. Whats the noise outside?It es from the construction site.A library.A. is builtB. is buildingC. will be built D. is being builtIt is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.A. is beingbuilt B. is builtC.are being builtD.have been builtRainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future.A. cutB. are cutC.are being cutD.had been cutJohn as well as the other children who no parents good care of in the village.A. have; is being （akenB. have; has takenC. has; is takenD. has; have been taken2. Forest as well as other children who certain disabilities down on at school.A. have; are being lookedB. have; are lookingC. has; is lookingD. have; is being looked .3. The man in prison now because he broke the law during the quarantine time.A. keptB. is being kept C. is keepingD. was keptBecause of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts to use botanical （植物的）fuel as a source of power.A. have made B. having made C. are being made D. will be makingA survey now about whether students should have extra lessons during the holidays.A.is being carried outB.has carried outC.has been carriedoutD.had been carried out4. Youll have to wait fbr half a day while your car.A.is repairedB.is repairingC.repairsD.is being repaired5. 一What are you going to do this weekend?一Im going to an exhibition of photographs which these days.A. will be heldB. is holdingC. will holdD. is being held6. Professor Baker, who the research of wild animals all his life,to give a speech in ourschool next week.A. has devoted to； is supposedC. has been devoted to； is supposed13. the telephone number severalA. He had been toldC. Although he had been told14. 一Why do you look so upset?B. is devoted to； will be supposedD. had devoted to； will be supposed times, but he couldnt learn it by heart.B. Having been toldD. Having toldThe electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay unfinished since.A. was leftB. has leftC. leftD. has been leftWhy do you look so worried?An earthquake broke out in Jiujiang. The whole research unpleted since.A. has been left B. leftC. was leftD. has left-The window is dirty. -I know. It for weeks.A. hasnt cleanedB. didnt cleanC. hasnt been cleanedD. wasnt cleaned15. How to protect children from unsuitable material on some websites while encouraging them to use the Internet in many areas of the world.A. have long been discussedB. has long been discussedC. were long been discussedD. was long been discussed16. Recently many famous universities and colleges have e to our school to enroll new students on their own, and many excellent students contracts with them.A. have offered B. were offered C. have been offered D. had been offeredDespite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement so far by the two sides.A. had reachedB. has been reachedC. was reachedD. has reached17. Part of his spare time has been to the violin every day.A. devoted, playB. devoted, playingC. devoting, playD. devoting, playing二、用单词的适当形式完成句子As the Internet develops rapidly, more and more applications(find) for puters.18. She has been fully(occupy) with work recently.19. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations(employ) only since the mid-1980s.20. The children were amused to see that the man(fool) by them.21. His sister left home in 1998, and hasnt(hear) of since.22. It(prove) that a balanced diet is good for health.23. So far it(confirm) (hat (he meeting will take place next week.24. Thanks to the new technology, costs(reduce) by 20% over the past year.25. In this forest, over 50% of the trees(damage) so far.26. The fine tradition, which(observe) for 2000 years, shouldnt be ignored by any of us.27. So far, large amounts of money(receive).28. Large quantities of food(send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.29. If you(betray), you are the victim of your circumstance.30. The church tower which ( restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.31. Would you please keep silent?The weather report(broadcast), and I want to listen to it.32. The sports meeting(hold)in our school now.33. The city will soon take on a new look as many roads and buildings(build).34. At this moment, the ibotball match(play) between France and German.35. There is so much noise upstairsa party(hold) by some young people.36. The high-speed railway between Beijing and Zhangjiakou(build) al present.37. According to reports, nowadays sharks(kill) at a surprising rate worldwide per year.38. Now, the problem(discuss) in the meeting room.39. The bridge(repair) at present, so we will have to choose another route.40. Electric vehicles to reduce emissions (排放)now.(promote)The new machine(test) now, which makes much noise.41. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth(ruin) each year.42. h is believed that a new kind of drug(develop) by the scientists and it is hopeful (hat (hey will succeed in a couple of months.43. Dont worry! Measures(take) at present to stop such a thing from happening again.44. They arc living with their parents because their own house(build).45. Wc all know that our products (threaten) by imported goods at present.题组B能力提升练三、完成句子Owing to our joint efforts, the taskahead of schedule, and then we summed up our working experience, (fulfil) 由于我们的共同努力，任务提前熊辽；随后我们总结了工作经验。46. Peters work always gives satisfaction,twice in less than two years, (promote)彼得的工作总是令人满意，为此，在不到两年时间里他被最近两次。47. Well have an English speech contest this term, but when and where to hold it. 这个学期我们要举行一次英语演讲比赛，但何时何地举行还没定。48. 所有家具都已经被搬到了另一个房间里。All the furnitureanother room.49. ()为孩子们买了大量的故事书。A large quantity of storybooks for the children.50. 那个小男孩现在正在中国接受治疗。The little boy in China now.51. 那个城市的环境止被严重地污染着，以至于所有的人都感到难以忍受。The environment in that city that all the people cant stand it.52. 长江上正在修建另一座大桥。over the Yangtze river.53. 我校正在举行运动会。 in our school.54. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.(现在进行时的被动语态) Another bridge over the Yangtze River.长江上正在修建另一座大桥。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文 语法填空There are moments in life 61. you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When the door of happiness closes, 62. opens but often we look so long at the closed door that we dont see the one which 63. (close) fbr us.Dont go fbr looks; (hey can deceive(欺骗).Dont go for wealth; even that fades away.Go fbr someone 64. makes you smile because it lakes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Dream what you want 65. (dream)； go where you want (o go; be what you want to bc.Thc66, (happy) people dont 67. (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 68. (e) along their way.Thc brightest future will always be based on a 69. (forget) past.Whcn you were born, you were crying and everyone 70. you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die, youre the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.