八年级上册英语第二单元知识点梳理.pdf

八年级上册英语第二单元知识点梳理How often do you exercise?【应掌握的词组】1、help with housework 帮助做家务活，2、go shopping 购物，3、on weekends 在周末，4、how often 多久一次，5、hardly ever 几乎不，6、once a week 每周一次，7、twice a month 每月二次，8、go to the movies 去看电影，9、every day 每天，10、use the Internet 上网/用网，11、be free 有空，12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 ，13、swing dance 摇摆舞 14、play tennis 打网球，15、stay up late 熬夜，16、at least 至少，17、go to bed early 早睡，18、play sports 锻炼身体，19、be good for 对有好处，20、go camping 去野营，21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间，22、not.at all 根本不，23、the most popular 最流行，24、such as 例如，25、go to the dentist 去看牙医，26、more than 超过/多于，27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。28、hard=difficult 困难的，29、less than 少于/不到反义词为 more than 多于30.help sb.with sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb do/to do sth 帮助某人做某事31.How about?=What about?.怎么样？/.好不好？What about doing sth?做某事怎么样？32.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事 33.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句 .有多少.34.主语+find+that 从句 发现 35.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的36.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 37.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事38.by doing sth.通过做某事 39.Whats your favorite.?你最喜欢的是什么？40 start doing sth.=start to do sth 开始做某事 41.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式【应掌握的句子】1.Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her.want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb.to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。否定形式为 want sb.not to do sth.意为“不想让某人做某事”。Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。2 She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。3 try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，而 try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。4、help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事5、That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。6、help oneself(to sth)随便吃某物，款待Help yourself to some fruit.随便吃点水果。Cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事She couldt help crying.她忍不住哭了。7、三个表示“也”的 词：too 用于句末；also 用于句中；either 用于否定句末尾。8、be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事。三、三、词语辨析词语辨析1.help with housework 帮助做家务（1）help with sth.意为“帮助做某事”拓展：help sb.with sth.=help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事Eg:I often help him with his English.=I often help him(to)learn English.我经常帮他学习英语。（2）housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1.They have much housework to do.2.辨析：sometimes，some times，sometime，some timesometimes 有时候。有时候。=at times 也是也是“有时有时”的意思。的意思。提问用 how oftensome times 几次 几倍。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How many timessometime 某个时候。常指将来的某个时候。某个时候。常指将来的某个时候。提问用 whensome time 一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 how long。口诀记忆：分开口诀记忆：分开“一段时间一段时间”；相聚；相聚“某个时候某个时候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late.有时我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week.下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times.他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time.我将会在这儿呆一段时间。3.hardly ever 几乎不 hardly ever 相当于 hardly eg：There is hardly any food left.几乎没有食物剩下。辨析：hardly 与 hardhardly 几乎不，一般位于动词之前。hard 努力，位于动词之后。eg：He hardly works.他几乎不工作。He works hard.他工作努力。4.use the Internet 用互联网（教材第 10 页）use sth.to do sth.用某物做某事 eg：I use a knife to cut bread.我用刀切面包。短语：on the Internet 在网上 ，surf the Internet 网上冲浪，上网5.Whats your favorite program？你最喜欢的节目是什么？句型：Whats your favorite.?=What.do you like best？你最喜欢的.是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？6.Are you free next week？你下周有空吗？free 意为“空闲的，有空的”，反义词 busy。be free 意为“闲着，有空”He is free now.他现在有空。free 还可译为“免费的”The tickets are free.票是免费的。7.next week is quite full for me.下周对我来说相当忙拓展：full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。I cant eat any more，I am quite full.我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。8.How come?怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句 why,但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party?=Why didnt Tom come to the party?9.How about.?(=What about.?)意为“怎么样？”，用来征求对方的意见。How about this book?这本书怎样？How/What about doing sth.?做怎么样？-What will we do on Sunday？星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum？去参观博物馆咋样？10、辨析：maybe 和 may bemaybe 副词“也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首或 be 动词之后，实义动词前）Maybe you are right.也许你是对的。may be“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be 动词”结构。（位于句中）You may be right.你也许是对的。11.She says its good for my health.她说它对我的健康有好处。be good for 意为“对有益”。反义词为 be bad for“对有害”。Vegetables are good for you.蔬菜对你有好处。拓展：be good at 擅长.be good at doing sth.擅长做.12、ask sb.about sth.“询问某人关于某事”13、.百分数由 percent 来表示，构成：基数词+percent。Seventy percent of the boys 男生中 70%not.at all 意为“一点儿也不，根本不”。I dont know about it at all.对那件事我一点也不知道。拓展：not at all=you are welcome 意为意为“不用谢，不客气不用谢，不客气”。-Thank you for your help.-Not at all.14.although 连词。意为“虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although 与but 不能同时使用。Although it rained，the boys still played outside=It rained，but the boys still played outside.尽管天下雨了，但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。15、Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth.意为“（对某人来说）做某事是的”。Its very important to listen carefully in class.上课认真听讲很重要。Its easy for us to swim.对我们来说游泳很容易。Its very hard for him to study English.对他来说学英语很难。16.such as 意为“比如，例如”。I have a lot of hobbies,such as reading.我有许多爱好，比如读书。17、spend 意为“度过”或“花费（时间、金钱）”。重点：spend timemoney on sth.在.上花费时间或金钱He didnt spend much time on his homework.他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat.我在那件新外套上花了 200 元。spend timemoney（in）doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV.不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spend his time playing football.他总是花时间踢足球。18、.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 I am afraid to travel by plane.我害怕乘飞机旅行。.be afraid of sb.sth.害怕某人某物 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 She is afraid of the dog.她害怕那只狗。19、how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice,three times 等词语。How often do you play sports?Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park?Its about 2 kilometers.20、.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Dont stay up late next time.stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.21.find+宾语宾语+名词：名词：We have found him(to be)a good boy.我们发现他是个好孩子。find+宾语宾语+形容词形容词：He found the room dirty.他发现房间很脏。find+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词：I found her standing at the door.我发现他站在门旁。find+it+形容词形容词+to do sth.I found it difficult to work out this math problem.我发现算出这道数学题很难。