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(每日一练)(精选试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters考点题型与解题方法
单选题
1、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
2、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
3、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
4、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
5、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
6、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
7、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
8、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
9、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
10、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
11、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
12、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
13、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
14、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
15、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
16、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
17、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
18、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
19、The Battle at Lake Chang jin (《长津湖》) is the most inspiring movie _______ I have ever seen.
A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:《长津湖》是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“movie”,指物,前面有形容词最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选D项。
20、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
21、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
22、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
23、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
24、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
25、Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A.depletingB.enrichingC.conservingD.supplying
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗; B. enriching丰富; C. conserving保存; D. supplying提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选A。
26、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
27、【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.whichB.who
C.asD.that
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
28、Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ .
A.cancelledB.survivedC.attractedD.published
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在车祸中受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。A. cancelled取消;B. survived幸存;C. attracted吸引;D. published出版。根据句意可知,句中六人在车祸中受伤了,由此可知,句中指受伤的六人中只有两人幸存,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故选B项。
29、In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。
30、The solider ______ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,代替先行词solider,指人,在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语arms,所以应填关系代词whose。故选A项。
完成句子
31、一句多译
没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
1 .There is no need to worry. We can ________.
2 .There is no need to worry. We can________.
答案: supply you with whatever you need supply whatever you need to you
考查动词,宾语从句。表示“给……提供……”,可使用动词固定搭配supply sth. to sb.或supply sb. with sth.。表示“任何你需要的东西”使用whatever引导宾语从句 whatever you need。故填①supply you with whatever you needs;②upply whatever you need to you.
32、那座桥有200米长。
________________ the bridge is 200 metres.
答案:The length of
考查名词。根据句意可知,“长”译为“ length ”在句子中做主语。此处表示“桥的长度”,故译为“the length of the bridge”。故填the length of。
33、随时都有急诊服务,并提供医疗咨询。
The emergency services were ____________ with medical advice.
答案:on hand
考查固定短语。根据句意可知此处需要表达“随时,在手边”,是固定短语on hand。故填on hand。
34、我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(一句多译)
(1) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(2) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(3) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案: try/do our best to help make an effort to help spare no effort to help
考查动词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子,并结合英语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“竭尽全力帮助”,在句中作谓语,可用动词短语“try/do one’s best to do”或“make an effort to do”或“spare no effort to do”表达,都可意为“竭尽全力做某事”,结合主语“We”可知,“one’s”应用“our”表达;“帮助”用动词“help”表达。空前已有“will”,应是一般将来时,谓语动词用原形。故填①try/do our best to help;②make an effort to help;③spare no effort to help。
35、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
36、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。
This is __________________ I bought yesterday.
答案:the same pen as
考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句I bought yesterday,被the same修饰的先行词pen,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,构成the same...as (与……一样)结构,表同类事物。故填the same pen as。
37、每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。(一句多译)
(1)Staying up late every day is certain to ___________.(affect)
(2)Staying up late every day is certain to ____________.(effect)
答案: affect your health greatly have a great effect on your health
1 .考查非谓语动词,名词和副词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很大的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,affect“影响”是动词,your health“你的健康”,greatly “极大地;非常”,修饰动词作状语,故填affect your health greatly。
2 .考查动词短语和名词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很多的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,have a great effect on“对……有极大影响”是固定短语,形容词great修饰名词effect作定语,your health “你的健康”作介词宾语,故填have a great effect on your health。
38、被困的矿工们就要放弃时,救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up ______________________________.
答案:when rescue came
考查时态,名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知,此处为be about to do sth.when...句型,表示“正打算做某事,这时候”,由上文的were可知用一般过去时,rescue“救援”不可数名词,come“来”,故填when rescue came。
39、他直接上床睡觉了,没有关电视。
He went to bed straight, ____________________.
答案:leaving the television on
考查现在分词。“没有关电视”也就是他上床睡觉的时候,电视仍然处于开着的状态,用“leave sb./sth. +adj./介词短语/现在分词/过去分词”来表示“使……处于某种状态”, “使电视处于开着的状态”译为:leave the television on。分析句子成分可知leave应作伴随状语,与主语he是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填leaving the television on。
40、一句多译
令全世界震惊的是,这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。
1 .________ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-off. (主语从句)
2 .The plane crashed just minutes after take-off, ________.(定语从句)
答案: What shocked the world which shocked the world
1 .考查主语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人……是”,应该用连接代词what引导这个主语从句;根据后面的was,主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为What shocked the world。
2 .考查定语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”,要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机坠毁”这件事,并且引导非限制性定语从句,只能用which;根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时,从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为which shocked the world。
语法填空
41、I stood by the door, not ________ (dare) to say a word. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:daring
考查非谓语动词。句意:我站在门口一句话也不敢说。句中有谓语动词stood by且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语动词形式,dare意为“敢于”,动词词性,“dare to do sth.”意为“敢于做某事”,句子主语I与dare为逻辑上的主动关系,故应用dare的现在分词daring,在句中作状语,句中daring前加not表示否定。故填daring。
42、He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap ________.(用适当的词填空)
答案:away
考查固定短语。句意:他无助地看着海浪把他的帽子卷走。句中sweep sth away为固定短语,意为“把……卷走”。故填away。
43、Death finally brought an end to his _________ (suffer).(用所给单词适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查名词。句意:死亡最终使他的受苦终结了。设空处前为形容词性物主代词,设空处应用名词。故答案为suffering。
44、What followed was a ________(summarise)of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:summary
考查名词。句意:接下来是对这一天的总结,充满了爱或恨等强烈的感觉。根据句意和空格前的冠词a以及所给动词summarize可知,空格处应该填入可数名词summary的单数形式作表语。故填summary。
45、This is the very hotel ____________ I stayed at when I was travelling here. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句引导词。句意:这就是我在这里旅行时住过的旅馆。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the very hotel,(先行词中由the very修饰时,通常用关系代词that指代事物,)关系代词that引导从句,在从句中作介词at的宾语。故填that。
46、Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people___________(suffer)from hunger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的生活变得越来越好了,然而在一些国家仍然有一些人遭受着饥饿。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作定语,空处与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语,故应用suffering。故填suffering。
47、Martin Luther King gave a famous and inspiring speech _______ started with the words “I have a dream”. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:马丁·路德·金发表了一篇著名而鼓舞人心的演讲,他的开场白是“我有一个梦想”。分析可知,空格处引导的是限定性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词speech是物,因此空格处用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
48、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ______ we set at the beginning of the year. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that##不填
考查定语从句。句意:一个月之后,我们将实现今年年初设定的销售目标。______ we set at the beginning of the year是定语从句,修饰the sales targets,引导词在从句中作set的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。而且,关系代词在从句中作宾语时,还可以省略。故填which/that/不填。
49、He walked slowly, his hands________(bury)in his pockets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:buried
考查非谓语动词。句意:他慢慢地走着,双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知,句子为独立主格结构。bury与his hands之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。故填buried。
50、After ________ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查动名词。句意:经过几个月的失眠,我感到身心疲惫。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
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