2022届高考英语一轮总复习-专题四-形容词和副词学案新人教版.doc

2022届高考英语一轮总复习 专题四 形容词和副词学案新人教版2022届高考英语一轮总复习 专题四 形容词和副词学案新人教版年级：姓名：专题四形容词和副词考点精讲 考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语(含宾语补足语和主语补足语)和状语。作状语时与句子用逗号隔开，修饰不定代词时要后置。Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again天气状况太差，他想再找到(雪橇的)轨迹是不可能的。2副词的基本用法副词在句中可以用作状语，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。特别提示：常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile “在此期间”；therefore/ thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore “而且，此外”；besides“而且，另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。The young man couldnt afford a new carInstead，he bought a used one那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too bigBesides，Id grown fond of our little rented house这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。3意义有别的同根副词close接近地 closely仔细地free免费地 freely自由地hard努力地 hardly几乎不late迟，晚 lately 近来most极，非常 mostly主要地wide广阔地 widely广泛地high高 highly高度地deep 深 deeply深刻地，深沉地near临近 nearly几乎pretty相当地 prettily迷人地特别提示：常见的以-ly结尾的形容词，如：lovely“可爱的”， lonely“寂寞的；偏僻的”， lively“活泼的；生动的”， deadly“致命的”， friendly“友好的”，likely“可能的”， unlikely“不可能的”， silly“傻的”， ugly“丑的”， daily“日常的；每日的”， motherly“母亲的；慈母般的”， fatherly“父亲的；慈父般的”， brotherly“兄弟的；兄弟般的”， elderly“上了年纪的；稍老的”等。Deep in thought，he didnt notice me陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成。如：clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加-er 和-esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母，再加-er和-esthothotterhottest多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特别提示：以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级： relative“相对的”，absolute“绝对的”，perfect“完美的”，entire“完全的”，senior“年长的；较高的”，unique“唯一的”，present“目前的”，simply“简单地”，right“右边的；对的”，wrong“错误的”等。2基本用法(1)两者相比，表示“和一样”，用“as原级as”表示。He learns as quickly as his classmates他和他的同学学得一样快。特别提示： 在同级比较中，若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词，其语序为：asadja(n)nas。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。(2)两者相比，表示“不如”，用“not as/so原级as”。Unfortunately，my wife isnt so fond of them as I am不幸的是，我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。(3)两者相比，表示“比更”，用“比较级than”；表示“不如”，用“not比较级than”。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便。This one is not better than that one这个不如那个好。特别提示：修饰比较级的词语有：a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等；还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 修饰最高级的词语有：by far, far, much, mostly, almost和序数词。We have a much better life now我们现在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。She is the second tallest student in our class她是我们班第二高的学生。3特殊用法(1)“比较级and比较级”表示 “越来越。”In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent在很多方面，我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。(2)“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越。”The more upset I got，the less I was able to concentrate我越烦就越不能集中精力。(3)“more原级than原级”表示“与其说不如说。”The girl was more frightened than hurt与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。(4)“more than主语can谓语”表示“非所能；不能。”The beauty of the city is more than I can describe这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语“表示两者中较一个”时，就需要加定冠词。Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。特别提示：有时形容词最高级前不用the，句中的most 相当于very，意为“非常，十分”。This is a most interesting story这是一个很有趣的故事。4比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanthe other复数名词比较级thananyone/anything else比较级thanany of the other复数名词China is the largest country in AsiaThat is，it is larger than any other country in Asia中国是亚洲最大的国家，即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。5表示倍数的三个常用句型(1)倍数as原级asHe can run three times as fast as John他跑得有约翰三倍快。(2)倍数比较级thanThis table is three times bigger than that one这张桌子比那张桌子大两倍。(3)倍数the size/length/width/height，etcofThis table is three times the size of that one这张桌子是那张的三倍大。考点三形容词和副词的词形变化1常见的形容词后缀形容词后缀意义例词-able-ible可的；能的；应的；有性质的acceptable可接受的available可获得的valuable有价值的reasonable合理的accessible可接近的-al与有关的typical典型的digital数码的cultural文化的environmental环境的-ant/-ent是的frequent频繁的convenient方便的efficient效率高的significant有意义的-ful充满的；有性质(或倾向的)successful成功的meaningful有意义的powerful强大的thankful感激的-less无的；没有的endless无尽的aimless无目标的powerless无能为力的-tive有倾向的attractive迷人的effective有效的instructive有教育意义的-ed感到的scarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的-ing令人的surprisesurprising令人惊异的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的-ous具有性质的continuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的-ern方向的easteastern 东方的；向东的-y多的foggy多雾的greedy贪婪的wealthy富有的healthy健康的2形容词转换为副词情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加-lyimmediate-immediately立即地wonderful-wonderfully 很好地一些以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词把-y改为-i，再加-lyeasy-easily容易地angry-angrily生气地noisy-noisily吵闹地以-ble或-le结尾的形容词去e加-ypossible-possibly可能地comfortable-comfortably舒适地以-ue结尾的形容词去e加-lytrue-truly诚恳地词尾为ll的形容词在词尾加-yfullfully充分地；完全地dulldully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词在词尾加-allybasicbasically主要地，基本上scientificscientifically合乎科学地3常见的形容词否定前缀(表示“不”“非”“无”)前缀意义例词il-用于以l开头的单词前legalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的im-用于以 m，p 或 b 开头的单词前politeimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的ir-ir-用于r前regularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的in-用于其他情况formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的un-是一个活用前缀usualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的难点释疑 -ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰air(神态)，smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(外貌)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)等显示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile on his face他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。分析：第一句中的a pleased smile意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑；第二句中的a very excited voice意为“非常激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音。解题策略 策略一看到与than连用，要想到用比较级【典例1】(新课标全国)Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _cleaner_ (clean) than ever解析：根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。【典例2】单句改错。After a few months，we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before解析：根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。故将strong改为stronger。答案：strongstronger策略二看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级【典例】单句改错。(2016全国)They were also the best and worse years in my life解析：由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。 答案： worseworst策略三 看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上) 【典例】 (广东高考)After our plane landed，we went to the hotelWe had made our reservation six months _earlier_ (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake 解析：由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。策略四看到下列固定搭配，要想到比较等级1the比较级，the比较级【典例1】(辽宁高考)The _harder_ (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit解析：分析句子结构可知此句为“the比较级，the比较级”句式，表示“越，就越”。故填harder。2the最高级标志性词语或从句【典例 2】单句改错。(陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help 解析：此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为 best。答案：betterbest易混聚焦 1搭配错误2汉语干扰，词性混乱(1)形容词误作动词(误)He eager to know everything about China(正)He is eager to know everything about China(2)形容词与名词混淆(误)The sport teaches us the important of obedience(正)The sport teaches us the importance of obedience(3)形容词与副词混淆(误)Unfortunate，many people are ignorant of it(正)Unfortunately，many people are ignorant of it3比较级的错误表达(误)The sea level is rising more and more high(误)The sea level is rising more and more higher(正)The sea level is rising higher and higher达标检测 单句语法填空1(2020新课标卷I)Landing on the moons far side is _extremely_ (extreme) challenging解析：考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式。故填extremely。2(2020新课标卷I)Data about the moons composition, such as how _much_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical解析：考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰。故填much。3(2020新课标卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office _Certainly_ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must 解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。4(2020新课标卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The _beautiful_ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations 解析：考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。5(2020新课标卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _finest_ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best解析：考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。6(2019全国卷)We are so proud of her Its _wonderful_ (wonder)解析：考查词性转化。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。故填wonderful。7(2019浙江卷)School uniforms are _traditional_ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them 解析：考查词性转化。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思。因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。8(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _global_(globe)fertilizer consumption 解析：考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。9(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always _energetic_(energy) 解析：考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据its可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。10(2018浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _affordable_(afford) but doing this most days adds up 解析：考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”。故填affordable。11(全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _successful_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900解析：“one of the形容词最高级(可数名词复数)”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。12(浙江卷)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _shiny/shining_(shine) object解析：空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny/shining, 意为“闪闪发光的”。13(四川)She was a very _caring/careful_(care) mother For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat!解析：空格处修饰名词mother，故用形容词，care的形容词是caring(照料他人的)或careful(细心的)。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。故填caring/careful。14(新课标全国)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _disappointed_(disappoint)解析：第二个分句中，主语是some of them, and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxious可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故用disappointed表示“他们中有些人感到失望”。15(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _poorly_ (poor) studied解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词studied，故用副词poorly。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为已经对北极熊的分布范围进行的研究还不够。16(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have been _finally_ (final)acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名)her to be Chelshires Woman Of The Year解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格处的词应该修饰后面的动词acknowledged，故用副词finally。句意：在一位顾客提名她为切尔什尔年度最佳女性后，她多年的辛勤工作(最终)得到了认可。17(2019全国III卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were _hugely_ (huge) popular with visitors解析：考查形容词副词的相互转化。空格后的popular 是形容词，应该被副词修饰。故填hugely。句意：他们还与我们分享了许多关于夏威夷的传统故事，这些故事在游客中很受欢迎。18 (201811月浙江高考) _Recently_ (recent ), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks解析：考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent的副词形式来做全句的时间状语。故填Recently。19(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is _actually_(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle解析：考查副词。第一句句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。20(全国卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _fairly_(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise解析：所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。21(广东)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned _Luckily_(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day解析：第二句句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。luckily adv“幸运的是”，这里用副词修饰整个句子。22(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _longer_(long) than non-runners 解析：考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级。故填longer。23(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life _than_ walking, cycling or swimming解析：考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。24(2018全国卷)He screams the _loudest_(loud)of all The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me 解析：考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，这里指所有猩猩中喊叫“最大声的”，所以用最高级loudest。25(2018浙江卷)There could be an even _higher_(high) cost on your health解析：考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级。故填higher。26(全国卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing Even _worse_(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up解析：第二句句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse“更糟的是”，可以看作固定搭配。故填worse。27(浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed _so_loudly that her daughter came running from the house解析：分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型sothat意为“如此以至于”。so修饰副词loudly。28(全国)It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn But I didnt care A few hours _before/earlier_，Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog解析：由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中忍受着那里令人窒息的雾霾。由此可知before/earlier符合句意。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷I)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself_simply改为simple_解析：考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。2(2020新课标卷)Im surely youll have a good time_将surely改为sure_解析：考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。3(2020新课标卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day_such改为so_解析：考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so。4(2020新课标卷)See you sooner_sooner改为soon_解析：考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。5(2020新课标卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us_s