2022版高考英语一轮复习-板块5-从句和句式的运用-第2讲-定语从句学案外研版.doc

2022版高考英语一轮复习 板块5 从句和句式的运用 第2讲 定语从句学案外研版

2022版高考英语一轮复习 板块5 从句和句式的运用 第2讲 定语从句学案外研版

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第2讲　定语从句
[前沿最新动态]
题型
高考典题试做
命题角度解读
语
法
填
空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759．
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
1．考查定语从句的关系代词；
2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。

考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．Badaling is the most famous of the five sections which/that lies near Beijing and can be accessed easily.
2．The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
3．(2020·北戴河联考)When travelling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration，which attracts me very much.
4．(2020·石家庄模拟)As is often the case in China, foreign firms will face big barriers.
5．Anyone who is caught providing food for San Francisco's pigeons could face a heavy fine.
6．(2020·济宁联考)Mr.Liu is the person whom you talked with on the bus.
7．(2020·秦皇岛模拟)Children who are not active or whose diet is high in foot will gain weight quickly.
[要点解读]
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose
人或物
定语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
她已不再是10年前的她了。
I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me.
我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是医生，他妻子生儿育女之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况
先行词是all，few，little，much，something，
anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，
the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级
或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别
as
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
[易错提醒]　as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people when they swam in it.
2．(2020·曲阜师大附中模拟)We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
3．(2020·威海模拟)Is this the school where some German friends went last week?
[要点解读]
　关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等)
地点状语
why
the reason
原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．(2020·枣庄模拟)Michel Croz, with whose help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the straight A students of the school.
2．(2020·淄博张店联考)The house, the roof of which was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
3．Li Lei, for whom English was once difficult, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
[要点解读]
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which、whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．首先找准先行词[有的定语从句并不紧跟在先行词后面，见考点二(题组试做)1、4、6题]，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。
(1)如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。
(2)确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最后确定答案。
2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。牢记that与which, as与which的区别。