高中化学选修5第一章和第二章测试题.doc

2012-2013学年度下学期月考高二年级化学试卷考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分相对原子质量：H-1；C-12；O-16；Br-80； 第卷（选择题，共48分）一、 选择题（本题包括16小题，每小题3分，共48分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。）1下列各组液体混合物，不能用分液漏斗分离的是:A苯和水B正己烷和水C苯和硝基苯D溴乙烷和水2下列关于煤、石油、天然气等资源的说法正确的是()A石油裂解得到的汽油是纯净物B石油产品都可用于聚合反应C天然气是一种清洁的化石燃料D水煤气是通过煤的液化得到的气体燃料3下列化学用语书写正确的是()4下列物质中既属于芳香化合物又属于醇的是()5下列分离或除杂方法不正确的是()A用分液法分离水和酒精B用蒸馏法分离苯和溴苯C用结晶法除去硝酸钾中的氯化钠杂质D用饱和NaHCO3溶液除去CO2中混有的少量HCl气体6设NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列有关叙述不正确的是()A标准状况下，1L庚烷所含有的分子数为NA/22.4B1mol甲基(CH3)所含电子数为9NAC标准状况下，B2H6和C2H4的混合气体22.4L，所含的电子数约为16NAD26g C2H2和苯蒸气的混合气体中所含的C原子数为2NA7下列物质一定属于同系物的是()A和 B和 C和 D和8某烯烃与氢气加成后得到2,2二甲基丁烷，该烯烃的名称是()A2,2二甲基3丁烯B2,2二甲基2丁烯C2,2二甲基1丁烯D3,3二甲基1丁烯9下列化学式中只能表示一种物质的是()AC3H7OH BCH2OCC2H6O DC3H6O210下列化合物沸点比较错误的是：A丙烷乙烷甲烷 B正戊烷异戊烷新戊烷C邻二甲苯间二甲苯对二甲苯 D对二甲苯邻二甲苯间二甲苯11主链上有4个碳原子的某烷烃有两种同分异构体，含有相同碳原子数且主链上也有4个碳原子的烯烃(含一个碳碳双键)的同分异构体有()A3种 B4种 C5种 D6种12(2011连云港市高二期末考试)有八种物质：甲烷苯聚乙烯聚异戊二烯2丁炔环己烷邻二甲苯环己烯，既能使KMnO4酸性溶液褪色，又能与溴水反应使之褪色的是()A BC D13在核磁共振氢谱中出现两组峰，其氢原子数之比为32的化合物是()14(2011长沙高二检测)已知CC键可以绕键轴自由旋转，结构简式为的烃，下列说法中正确的是()A分子中至少有9个碳原子处于同一平面上B分子中至少有11个碳原子处于同一平面上C分子中至少有16个碳原子处于同一平面上D该烃属于苯的同系物15(2011四川理综，12)25和101kPa时，乙烷、乙炔和丙烯组成的混合烃32mL与过量氧气混合并完全燃烧，除去水蒸气，恢复到原来的温度和压强，气体总体积缩小了72mL，原混合烃中乙炔的体积分数为()A12.5% B25% C50% D75%16由两种烃组成的2L混合气体与足量的氧气充分反应后生成5L CO2、7L H2O(所有体积都在120下测定)，则这两种混合气体的可能组成是()AC2H4、C3H8 BCH4、C5H8CCH4、C4H8 DC2H6、C3H8第卷（共52分）二、非选择题(本题包括7小题，共52分)17、 AG是几种烃的分子球棍模型，据此回答下列问题：(1)常温下含碳量最高的气态烃是_(填对应字母)；(2)能够发生加成反应的烃有_(填数字)种；(3)一卤代物种类最多的是_(填对应字母)；(4)写出实验室制取D的化学方程式_；(5)写出F发生溴代反应的化学方程式_。、写出除杂的试剂和方法：试剂方法乙烷混有少量乙烯溴苯混有少量溴单质苯中混有少量甲苯乙醇中混有少量水硝酸钾中混有少量氯化钠、鉴别己烯中是否混有少量甲苯，实验方法是 。18一种气态烷烃和一种气态烯烃的混合物共10g，平均相对分子质量为25。使混合气通过足量溴水，溴水增重8.4g。则混合气中的烷烃的结构简式是 ,物质的量是 。19烷烃A的分子式为C10H22，其一种同分异构体只能由一种烯烃加氢得到，且该烯烃是一个非常对称的分子构型，有顺、反两种结构。则A的该种同分异构体的结构简式是 ，这种烯烃的顺、反异构体的结构简式是 。20实验室制备硝基苯的主要步骤如下：a配制一定比例的浓H2SO4与浓HNO3的混合酸，加入反应器中；b向室温下的混合酸中逐滴加入一定量的苯，充分振荡，混合均匀；c在5560下发生反应，直至反应结束；d除去混合酸后，粗产品依次用蒸馏水和5% NaOH溶液洗涤，最后再用蒸馏水洗涤；e将用无水CaCl2干燥后的粗硝基苯进行蒸馏，得到纯净硝基苯。请填写下列空白：配制一定比例的浓H2SO4和浓HNO3的混合酸时，操作的注意事项是：_ _。步骤d中洗涤、分离粗硝基苯应使用的仪器是_。步骤d中粗产品用5% NaOH溶液洗涤的目的是_。21已知某种燃料含有碳、氢、氧三种元素。为了测定这种燃料中碳和氢两种元素的质量比，可将气态燃料放入足量的O2中燃烧，并将产生的气体全部通过图示装置，得到如表所列的实验数据(产生的气体完全被吸收)。实验前实验后(干燥剂U形管)的质量101.1g102.9g(澄清石灰水广口瓶)的质量312.0g314.2g根据实验数据填空：(1)实验完毕后，生成物中水的质量为_g，假设广口瓶里生成一种正盐，其质量为_g。(2)生成的水中氢元素的质量为_g。(3)生成的CO2中碳元素的质量为_g。(4)该燃料中碳、氢元素质量比为_22.有机物A的质谱图和红外光谱图分别如下：(1)A的结构简式为_。.相对分子质量不超过100的有机物B，既能与金属钠反应产生无色气体，又能与碳酸钠反应产生无色气体，还可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。B完全燃烧只生成CO2和H2O。经分析其含氧元素的质量分数为37.21%。经核磁共振检测发现B的氢谱如下：(2)B的结构简式为_。23如图是8种有机化合物的转换关系：请回答下列问题：(1)根据系统命名法，化合物A的名称是_。(2)上述框图中，是_反应，是_反应(填反应类型)。(3)化合物E是重要的工业原料，写出由D生成E的化学方程式：_。(4)C1的结构简式是_；F1的结构简式是_。F1与F2的关系为_。选择题答题卡题号12345678答案题号910111213141516答案第卷（共52分）班级： 姓名： 考号： 二、非选择题(本题包括7小题，共52分)17、(5分)(1) _(填对应字母)；(2) _(填数字)种；(3) _(填对应字母)；(4)_；(5)_。、(10分)写出除杂的试剂和方法：试剂方法乙烷混有少量乙烯溴苯混有少量溴单质苯中混有少量甲苯乙醇中混有少量水硝酸钾中混有少量氯化钠、(4分)鉴别己烯中是否混有少量甲苯，实验方法是 。18(4分) , 。19. (4分) ， 。20(6分)_ _。_。_。21(5分)(1) _g， _g。(2) _g。(3) _g。(4) _22 (4分). (1)A的结构简式为_。(2)B的结构简式为_。23 (10分)(1) _。(2)是_反应，是_反应(填反应类型)。(3) _ 。(4)C1的结构简式是_ ；F1的结构简式是_ 。F1与F2的关系为_ 。技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，17栋建筑层数为11层，812栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the citys liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the countrys first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for water and the second land of the seven hills. 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, old town-the South Bank Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, suspicious pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed, integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the citys liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the countrys first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for water and the second land of the seven hills. 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, old town-the South Bank Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, suspicious pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,7