2017年中考完型填空专题复习总结.doc

2017年中考完型填空专题复习总结完形填空答题技巧(上下文+逻辑+固定搭配+语法+背景知识)完形填空题篇幅一般150250个词,以故事性题材居多,体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主。多数完形填空设10空或15空,考点主要涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。近几年中考完形填空的命题有以下趋势:1.在命题角度上体现“突出语篇”的命题原则,即“突出语意填空,削减语法填空,以考查理解能力为主”;2.在题材上将更加贴近学生、贴近生活、内容新颖,富有时代气息。一完型填空试题主要特点：1.文章中设空15个.首句不挖空；从历年的试题可以看出，完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，且首句往往不设空，通常是个完整的句子。这个句子往往是全文的关键句，它是了解全文的窗口，常常包含对解题有用的信息，因此要注重细读首句，并据此来判断文章的体裁，题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、地点、时间、气氛等多方面的特征，争取开局顺利。2. 干扰项设计严密.一般情况下，选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出语篇(语境)，强调应用，注重交际；4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；二完型填空考查内容1、context（上下文、语境）2、logic（逻辑）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）4、grammar analysis（语法分析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）三完形填空的解题总则 - 把握整体 具体分析四完形填空的解题步骤 (1)利用首句提示（2）在掌握文章大意、弄清作者意图的基础上，根据标志性词汇或句子，推断该语境的未知信息（3）应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。(4)最后，全面复核检查，合理修正答案。借助补全的空缺，再次细读全文，反复斟酌。两忌讳：忌把完形填空当单项选择（答案不仅要在原句中合理，也要在全文中合理，要有全局观。）；忌忽略语境。跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意 =2min 瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破 =10min 再读全文，反复检查，验证答案 =2min五完型填空解题口诀：把握全文明主线，固定搭配记心间，原词再现莫错过，上下求索是关键。六 完形填空的解题方法1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 注意上下文语境 2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 掌握习惯搭配 3. 注意同义词的辨义 运用词义辨析 .根据动作的发出者确定所选的词 5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 运用逻辑分析 6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 了解常识背景 7 . 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项+运用语法分析 运用排除法为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空. 2.不注意积累答题技巧: a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择. 3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做 的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格, 然后快速地整句整段地默读, 选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.Tips to Close Test:1注重首、尾句。 2克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。 3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 4动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。2016真题完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The world needs love and many people need our help. Several years ago, my teachers asked me to take part in a program that helps those who are 31. Each week, I spend an hour in the classroom helping with schoolwork, art project, games and other 32, including eating. My mother is a teacher, so I am used to helping children; however, I found that working with children with special needs would 33 my life forever. At first, I thought it would be 34 to be with the children who are so different, but gradually I found theres something special about these students. So there was no need to worry about it. Each Thursday I was welcomed by the smiling faces of Thomas,Joey and Missy. Thomas has to sit on the wheelchair. He communicates with simple words 35 yes or no.Joey, a deaf girl, always welcomed me with a big smile. Missy was born with a kind of 36 and it makes her really small for her age. In a normal classroom, it would be common to hear a teacher comfort a child who is tapping his pencil, speaking 37 or making unnecessary noises. However, here, shouts, cries, and other noises are 38 Theyre signs of excitement and different ways of communicating. Working with children with special needs has changed my life. It has made me 39 othersneeds. One of my teachers believes that we should be part of something bigger than 40 . I never realized how true this was until I worked with these children. I believe everyone should get out and do something that makes a difference.31Auneducated Bhomeless Cdisabled32Acourses Bcompetitions Cactivities33Achange Bwaste Csave34Anervous Brelaxing Clively35Aexcept Blike Cagainst36Aability Billness Chabit37Aclearly Bpolitely Cloudly38Amentioned Bstopped Cencouraged39Arefuse Bnotice Cinfluence40Aourselves Byourselves Cthemselves2015真题二、 完形填空 Yesterday is Fathers Day. Many things happening between my father and me crowded my mind. But one thing made a deep impression on me. It was a Sunday morning, and I was in a 16 mood(情绪). Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadnt invited me. I was in my room 17 ways to make them sorry when my father came in. Want to go for a ride today, Beck? Its a beautiful day. No! Leave me alone! Those were the 18 words I said to him that morning. My friends called and 19 me to go to the mall with them a few hours later. I forgot to be 20 with them and then went with them. When I came home, I found a 21 on the table. My mother put it where I would be sure to see it. Dad has had an 22 . Please meet us at Highland Park Hospital. When I reached the hospital, my mother came out and told me a car hit my father and his injuries were extensive(大面积的). Your father told the driver to leave 23 alone and just call 911, thank God! If he had moved daddy My mother may have said more, but I didnt hear. I didnt hear anything 24 those terrible words: Leave me alone. My dad said them in order to 25 himself. He didnt want to be hurt more. How much had I hurt him 26 I shouted out those words at him earlier in the day? It was several days later that he was 27 able to have a talk. I held his hand gently, afraid of hurting him. DaddyI am so sorry Its okay, sweetheart. Ill be okay. No, I said, I mean about 28 I said to you that day. You know, that morning? He looked at me and said, Sweetheart, I remember 29 about that day, not before, during or after the accident. I remember telling you goodnight the night before, though. He managed a weak smile. My English teacher once told me that words have great power. They can hurt or they can heal(治愈). And we all have the power to 30 our words. I am going to do that very carefully from now on.16.A. goodB. terribleC. peaceful17.A. thinking upB. giving upC. looking up18.A. commonB. lastC. careless19.A. ledB. encouragedC. invited20.A. strictB. angryC. pleased21.A. letterB. diaryC. note22.A. accidentB. illnessC. examination23.A. meB. him C. her24.A. exceptB. amongC. towards25.A. hideB. saveC. express26.A. whenB. untilC. before27.A. reallyB. finallyC. suddenly28.A. howB. whyC. what29.A. somethingB. everythingC. nothing30.A. keepB. chooseC. understand2014 Each of us fails from time to time . If we are wise, having enough experience and knowledge, we regard these failures(失败) as a necessary and31part of learning. But often as parents and teachers, we dont32this right(权利) to our children.Donnie was a third grader in my class. His33about failure kept him from classroom games that other children enjoyed. He34answered my questionshe was afraid of making mistakes.I tried mybestto buildhisself-confidence. But nothing changed35midterm, when Mary, a new teacher, came. She was young and pretty, and she was loved by every student36Donnie. It was her who made a big difference to Donnie later.One morning , they were doing math problems at the blackboard. Donnie had copied the problems clearly and37. But hed missed the fourth problems and began to cry with his head in his arms.I didnt know what to do. Suddenly, a smile38on Marys face . From the desk she got abox39pencil. Look, Donnie, she said gently, kneeling(蹲在)beside him. Ive got something to40you. She remove the pencils, one at a time, and placed them onhisdesk.See these pencils, Donnie, she continued. They41Mrs Landon and me. See how the erasers are worn(磨损)？Thats because we make mistakes too. But we erase the mistakes and try again. Thats what you42learn to do , too.She kissed him and stood up, Here, she said, Ill leave one of these pencils on43desk, so youll remember that everybody makes mistakes, even teachers. Donnie looked up with44inhiseyes and a smile.The pencil became Donnies prize. That , together with Marys encouragement, gradually made him understand45the meaning of making mistakes isits all right to make mistakes, as long as you erase them and try again.()31. A. similarB. activeC. important()32. A. offerB. passC. send()33. A. puzzleB. worryC. complaint()34. A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom()35. A. sinceB. afterC. until()36. A. includingB. exceptC. without()37. A. simplyB. carefullyC. casually()38. A. AppearedB. frozeC. disappeared()39. A. made ofB. covered byC. filled with()40. A. tellB. showC.ask()41. e toB. refer toC. belong to()42. A. mightB. couldC. must()43. A. yourB. hisC. her()44. A. hateB. loveC. fear()45. A. howB. whyC. what2013WhenIwasayoungchild,myparentsoftentoldmethatitwastimethattaughtamaneverything.Ididntunderstandandwonderedwhy_31_hadsuchabiginfluence_32_aperson.IthoughtIcouldgrowupquicklytofinditoutasanadult.Butnow,_33_Icometoknockatthedoorofadulthood,Ifeel_34_toexpressmyownopiniononthissaying.IknowthatIamjustahighschoolstudentwithveryfewexperiences.Therearestillmanythingswaitingformeinthefuture,yetIwouldliketoexpressmyselfinachildishvoice.Ioncereadthissentence,“Tomakethisworldahappyplaceinwhichtolive,youhadbetter_35_yourselfandyourheart,insteadofthewholeworld.”Iwasshocked.Itmademethinkabout_36_itself.Therearesomanythingsaroundusthat_37_ourwill.Wecantforcelifetofollowourwishes.Theearthwontstopturningnomatterwhetherwe_38_itornot.Whatwecandoisjusttomake_39_suittheworld.Ithinkweshouldlearntoaccept_40_lifegivesus,nomatterwhetheritsthespringsunlightorthewintersnowfall,andtrytobehappy.ThepopsongGrandmotherbyJayChouismyfavorite.Imdeeplymovedbythisbeautifulsong.Ialwaystryto_41_everypleasantthinginmylife,butnowIseethatIdontcatchmostofthepleasantmoments.Itismorelikelythattheyslipby（流逝）andleaveyou_42_regretful.IrealizethatImnotjustlivingformyselfandthatthereareothersIshould_43_suchasmyparents,friends,andsoon.Theyallpayattentiontomygrowingup,_44_itsjustalittleprogress.Everyonehashisorherown_45_towardslife,positiveornegative.Itdoesntmatter,Ithink.Thereisonerulethatshouldbeobeyedandthatstomakethisworldbetter.31.A.manB.timeC.thingD.parent32.A.aboutB.withC.onD.in33.A.beforeB.afterC.asD.when34.A.gladB.angryC.tiredD.anxious35.A.praiseB.changeC.exchangeD.force36.A.lifeB.moneyC.heartD.world37.A.gowithB.goalongC.goforD.goagainst38.A.receiveB.checkC.refuseD.accept39.A.himselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.yourself40.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why41.A.touchB.escapeC.catchD.lose42.A.feelingB.lookingC.remainingD.proving43.A.makeofB.speakofC.hearofD.thinkof44.A.incaseB.inthatC.evenifD.asif45.A.ideaB.wayC.viewD.attitude2012When I was in primary school, I had a big argument with a boy in my class. l cant 31 what it was about, but I have never forgotten the 32 I learned that day. I was sure that I was right and he was wrong. 33 , he strongly believed that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a lesson. She 34 a good idea. She brought both of us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her grey desk and me on 35 . In the middle of the desk was a large, round object. It was 36 for me to see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the object was. 37, he answered in a loud voice. I couldnt 38 that the object was whites, considering that it was certainly black! One more argument started between the boy and me, this time 39 the color of the object. The teacher told me to go stand where the boy was standing and told him to come stand where I had been. We changed 40 , and then she asked me what the color of the object was. I 41 answer, White. It was then that I knew what was wrong. It was an object with two 42 colored sides, and from his side it was white. 43 from my side was it black. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must 44 in other persons position (位置) and look at the 45 through their eyes in order to truly understand their ideas. 31.A. understand B. remember C. explain32.A. class B. subject C. lesson33.A. Therefore B. Also C. However34.A. came up with B. went on with C. got along with35.A. another B. other C. the other36.A. hard B. clear C. lucky37.A. Black B. White C. Grey38.A. realize B. describe C. believe39.A. like B. against C. about40.A. places B. objects C. opinions41.A. could B. should C. had to42.A. similarly B. differently C. brightly43.A, But B. Still C.Only44.A. appear B. stand C, hide 45.A. situation B. discussion C. solution2011One summer day when I was in high school, my father sent me to buy some tools for our farm. I loved _31_ better than driving our family truck to do something. But this time I was not so happy _32_ my father had told me I would have to ask for credit (赊账)at the store._33_ is a proud age. The young men at that age want respect (尊重)but not charity. I had seen many times that my friends were _34_ when they asked for credit. We lived in a poor village, _35_ was needed seriously. I knew clearly how difficult it might be to make the store owner believe me and get the credit. At Davids Brothers store, Buck David was talking to a farmer. After I finished _36_ the things I wanted, I walked to him. “I need