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定语从句
[专项训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·北京重点中学联考改编)The main street is lined with small stands and shops ____________sell almost anything you can imagine.
解析：句意：主街道两旁小货摊和商店鳞次栉比，它们出售你能想象到的任何东西。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为small stands and shops，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。
答案：which/that
2．(2015·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock，____________he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn’t reach them.
解析：句意：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到了。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which引导该定语从句。
答案：where/in which
3．(2016·陕西西安市83中阶段考试改编)Recently，there have been many occasions ____________you have attended events on your own.
解析：“you have attended events on your own”为定语从句，先行词occasion“场合，时刻”，并且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
答案：when
4．(2015·四川乐清市二中月考改编)The science of computer，in ____________rapid progress has been made in recent years，plays a very important role in our daily life.
解析：句意：电脑最近这些年进步飞速，在我们的日常生活中扮演重要的角色。本题考查“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词为the science of computer，故填which。
答案：which
5．She can always create an atmosphere for her students，____________allows them to talk freely with each other.
解析：句意：她总能为自己的学生创造一种可以彼此自由交流的氛围。先行词为atmosphere，在定语从句中作主语，故填which。
答案：which
6．_____________is announced in today’s newspaper，we have launched another manmade satellite.
解析：句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。根据句式结构可知，本题考查非限制性定语从句，并且修饰整个句子，并在从句中作主语，故填As，表示“正如”。
答案： As
7．My laptop computer，____________which I can’t go on with my work，broke down the other day.
解析：句意：我的手提电脑前几天坏了，没有它我不能继续工作。本句的computer是先行词，________ which I can’t go on with my work是定语从句修饰computer，从句中成分完整，根据句意应用“否定介词＋关系代词”来引导定语从句，故填without。
答案：without
8．He is of confidence，____________，in my opinion，is most important in society.
解析：句意：他很自信，在我看来，这一点在社会中最重要。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是confidence，定语从句中缺少主语，用which引导。
答案：which
9．My brother’s bedroom is always a mess，and he can never find anything，____________is very frustrating.
解析：句意：我哥哥的卧室总是乱糟糟的，而且他永远什么都找不到，这真让人心烦。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句。
答案：which
10．It’s helpful to put children in a situation ____________they can see themselves differently.
解析：句意：让孩子们能看到不同的自己很有帮助。抽象名词situation作定语从句的先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。
答案：where
11．The old man turned his business over to his younger son，____________made his elder son discouraged.
解析：句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很受打击。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
答案：which
12．The house，____________door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of ____________are from the countryside.
解析：句意：那间通常到深夜才关门的房子是给门卫们住的，他们中的一些人来自农村。两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为the house，与后面的door之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose；第二空先行词是guards，指人，关系代词在介词of后作宾语，因此用关系代词whom。
答案：whose；whom
13．The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting ____________he had ever done.
解析：句意：那位艺术家为他的创作感到自豪，并称之为他所创作的最好的作品。根据句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the best painting，关系代词在从句中作宾语。先行词由形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的关系代词用that。
答案：that
14．Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of____________ I was familiar with.
解析：句意：莉莉带了一些朋友来参加我的生日聚会，他们中我一个也不熟悉。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a few friends，指人，且设空处作介词of的宾语，因此填 whom。
答案：whom
15．We live in an age ____________more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
解析：句意：我们生活在一个比以往能够更加容易得到更多信息的时代。先行词是an age，表示时间，设空处在从句中作状语，所以用when。
答案：when
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·北京西城二模改编)Paris has some great museums which visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：巴黎有一些很棒的博物馆，在那里游客可以看到印象派画家的优秀作品。定语从句先行词是some great museums，先行词是指地点的名词，且定语从句visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters句子结构完整，因此用关系副词where来引导该定语从句。
答案：which—where
2．(2015·天津十二区县联考改编)The course normally attracts 20 students per year，of who up to half will be from overseas.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：这门课程一般每年吸引20个学生，他们中多达一半的人将来自海外。先行词为20 students。定语从句中包含固定短语half of...此处应将of提前，介词后只能接which和whom引导的定语从句，故把who改为whom。
答案：who—whom
3．Shandong Normal University has developed a system on which students can choose whatever subject they like.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：山东师范大学已经研发了一个学生能够选择他们喜欢的任何课程的系统。先行词system在从句中作地点状语，根据句意可知应用介词in，表示在这个系统中。
答案：on—in
4．(2015·山东青岛一模改编)—Where did you get to know her?
—On the farm that we both worked in the 1970s.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：——你在哪里认识她的？——在20世纪70年代我们两个曾经工作过的农场(认识她的)。根据先行词the farm在从句中作地点状语，所以引导词为where。
答案：that—where
5．The old pictures bring them to the days when they spent together，when life was hard but happy.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：那些旧照片使他们回想起他们在一起度过的那些日子，当时生活很苦但很幸福。they spent together为定语从句，先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用which或that。
答案：第一个when—which/that
6．Lenovo has brought out a new laptop which low cost will make it attractive to students.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：联想又出了一种新型笔记本电脑，它低廉的价位会对学生们很有吸引力。先行词为a new laptop，在定语从句作定语，故改为whose。
答案：which—whose
7．When times become difficult，remember a moment in your life when was filled with joy and happiness.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：当日子变得艰苦时，想一想生活中充满快乐和幸福的时刻。先行词a moment在定语从句中作主语，故改为which或that。
答案：when—which/that
8．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work hard，that didn’t work.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他应该认真学习，这没有起作用。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，不能用that。
答案：第二个that—which
9．The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。介词后只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，不能用that和who。
答案：that—which
10．I can recognize the book.That is the same English book as he borrows from the school library.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：我能认出那本书，那就是他从学校图书馆借来的那本英语书(指同一本书)。此处应用关系代词that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“ English book”。
答案：as—that
11．The naughty boy is not the same child that he was.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：the same...as...指“同样”，the same...that...指“同一”。此处表示这个调皮的男孩和过去不一样了，即现在与过去不一样了。
答案：that—as
12．There is no such man here that you mentioned just now.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：这里没有你刚才提及的那种人。先行词是such修饰的某一名词时，定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，因此把that改为as。
答案：that—as
13．Tom is such a good boy as we all love him.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：Tom是一个如此出色的孩子，我们都喜欢他。such...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
答案：as—that
14．In the age of globalization which communication becomes much easier，people who even live far away can become good friends.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：在沟通变得更加容易的全球化时代，即使住得很远的人们也能成为好朋友。先行词为age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故将which改为when。
答案：which—when
15．The school library is a resource from which you can take advantage to make progress.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：此处根据定语从句中的动词短语take advantage后接of可确定介词，故将from改为of。
答案：from—of
[高考模拟]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2015·河北唐山市统一考试)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people travel during the holiday season but do not make sure that their houses and homes 1.____________ (protect)．Crime goes up 2.____________ (rapid) during the winter and summer holiday seasons.Here are some things that you should keep in mind when you go on a holiday.
Always give 3.____________ (strange) the feeling that you are at home.Have the snow 4.____________ (clean) off your stairs or out of your driveway during the winter season.You might ask someone to park 5.____________ car in your driveway.
Tell your newspaper deliverer that you are not at home.6.____________ (have) a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps tells people that you are not at home，so you could also have a neighbor 7.____________ a relative get your mail every day.
Fix a timer in some of your rooms 8.____________ turns lights on and 9.____________ during different time of the day.Some TVs also come with a timer that you could set to be turned on during certain time.Have motion(运动) sensitive lights outside your house that keep thieves away 10.____________ you are not at home.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了外出度假时防贼入室的几种方法。
1．解析：考查时态和语态。根据空格前的“do not make sure”可知，此处应使用一般现在时；因从句谓语动词protect与主语their houses and homes构成动宾关系，所以使用被动语态。
答案：are protected
2．解析：考查副词。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词短语“goes up”。
答案：rapidly
3．解析：考查名词。此处为give后的直接宾语，因此应用名词，又因此处应为泛指意义的复数名词，所以填入strangers。
答案：strangers
4．解析：考查过去分词。此处为have的复合结构，因为clean与the snow构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。
答案：cleaned
5．解析：考查代词。因指代前文中的someone，并在此处作car的定语，所以填入形容词性物主代词his。
答案：his
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是用动名词短语“Having a pile of newspapers and other mail on your doorsteps”作主语。
答案：Having
7．解析：考查连词。此处表示选择关系，因此填入并列连词or。
答案：or
8．解析：考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a timer，因关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以可填入that或which。
答案：that/which
9．解析：考查介词。根据语境及空前的“on and”可知，此处用off，表示关灯。
答案：off
10．解析：考查时间状语从句。此处表示当你不在家的时候让窃贼远离你的家，所以用when或while引导时间状语从句。注意：当从句谓语动词为短暂性动词时，不能用while引导时间状语从句。
答案：when/while
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2015·河北唐山市一模)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I went to England last summer as a exchange student，and stayed there for three months.I used to thinking we had pretty various afterschool activities.However，I was surprised to find their projects were even diverse.I made friend with the daughter of my homestay family，which was a college student.He was a member of different kinds of clubs，so I took the chance to join in some clubs，too.Can you believe I make a robot in the LEGO Club？I felt very proudly because I got first prize with my Lego robot.
Time spending in England is so memorable that I will treasure it forever.
答案：
I went to England last summer as exchange student，and stayed there for three months.I used to thinking,think we had pretty various afterschool activities.However，I was surprised to find their projects were even diverse.I made friend,friends with the daughter of my homestay family，which,who was a college student.He,She was a member of different kinds of clubs，so I took the chance to join some clubs，too.Can you believe I make,made a robot in the LEGO Club？I felt very proudly,proud because I got first prize with my Lego robot.
Time spending,spent in England is so memorable that I will treasure it forever.
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