牛津译林版九年级下册英语：Unit2Greatpeople词汇与语法基础训练.doc

牛津译林版九年级下册英语：Unit 2 Great people 词汇与语法基础训练Unit 2 Great people知识精讲一、必背词汇inventor n.发明者invent v.发明explore n.探险者；考察者South African n.南非人fighter n.斗士，战斗者；战斗机invention n.发明物；创意Italian n.意大利人European n.欧洲人Russian n.俄罗斯人pilot n.飞行员licence n.执照，许可证（英）license v. 许可，授权（美）navy n.海军serve v.服役；服务，招待test v.测试；检验aircraft n.飞机，航空器astronaut n.宇航员spacecraft n. (单复同)宇宙飞船，航天器spin v.快速旋转control n.控制，支配order n.命令，指挥，要求Pacific adj.太平洋的ocean n.海洋land v.（使）着陆，（使）降落step n.一步（n.）；走，跨步（vi）giant adj.巨大的；伟大的leap n.跳跃；跃升mankind n.人类step v.一步（n.）；走，跨步（vi）surface n.表面；表层further adj.更多的，更进一步的citizen n.公民；市民pride n.骄傲；可引以为豪的人（或物）passage n.章节，乐段mathematics n.数学（=maths）scientist n.科学家radium n.镭laboratory n.实验室（=lab）professor n.教授discovery n.发现；发现物unknown adj.未知的；不出名的widely adv.广泛地，普遍地hybrid adj. 杂交的title n.标题；职位名称agriculture n.农业hunger n.饥饿advantage n.优势，有利条件contribution n.贡献increase v.增加production n.生产；产量development n.发展17 / 17二、重点词汇1. invent v. /nvent/1). to design and/or create something that has never been made before发明，创造例句： The first safety razor was invented by company founder King C. Gillette in 1903. 第一把安全剃刀由公司创始人金坎普吉列于1903年发明。2). to create a reason, excuse, story, etc. that is not true, usually to deceive someone捏造，编造，虚构例句： But I didnt invent the story - everything I told you is true. 但我没有胡编我告诉你的都是真的。2. license v. /la.sns/ to give someone official permission to do or have something许可，授权，特许例句： Several companies have been licensed to sell these products. 一些公司获得了这些产品的销售许可。3. spin v. /spn/1). to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast（使）（尤指快速）旋转例句：The earth spins on its axis. 地球绕地轴旋转。2). to make thread by twisting fibres , or to produce something using thread纺线；纺纱；纺织例句： Spiders spin webs. 蜘蛛结网。4. pride n. /prad/1). a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good自豪，得意例句： She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award. 看着他接过那个奖她感到非常自豪。2). your feelings of your own worth and respect for yourself自尊（心）例句：She has too much pride to accept any help. 她自尊心太强，不肯接受任何帮助。5. advantage n. /dvn.td/a condition giving a greater chance of success有利条件，有利因素；优势；好处例句：It would be to your advantage to agree to his demands.答应他的要求对你有利。【拓展】take advantage of sthto use the good things in a situation利用；利用的机会例句： I thought Id take advantage of the sports facilities while Im here. 我想趁我在这儿期间，要好好利用一下这里的体育设施。三、必背短语out of control 失去控制，无法管理cut . short 缩短by hand 手工happen to 碰巧at present 现在，目前work on 从事，致力于the pride of 的骄傲become interested in 对产生兴趣四、经典句型1. Ive never heard of him.我从没听说过他。2. He became interested in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six.他六岁第一次坐飞机时就对飞行产生了兴趣。3. On 20 July 1969, Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.在1969年7月20日，阿姆斯特朗成为了第一个登上月球的人。4. He was the pride of the whole world.他是全世界的骄傲。5. Who do you think is the greatest person in history?你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人。三点剖析一、考点几种易混淆时态辨析1. 一般现在时和现在进行时1). 一般现在时可以表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；而现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。例句： I often take a bus to school. 我常乘公共汽车去学校。He is looking after his baby now. 他现在正在照看他的孩子。2). 一般现在时可以表示一个动作接着一个动作，表示事件的连续性；而现在进行时表示两个动作同时进行。例句： The film is over and he goes home. 电影结束后,他回家了。He is doing his homework and his father is cooking.他在做作业，他的爸爸在做饭。3). 一般现在时可以表示按照时间表或计划表所做的事情；而现在进行时表示正在发生或将发生的动作或事情。例句：The class begins at 2 p.m. 这节课在下午两点钟开始。The bus is coming. 公交车就要来了。4). 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, on Sundays, every day, every year, once a year, three times a year等。与现在进行时连用的时间状语：at the moment, now, right now 等。另外还有几个标志性动词，如look, listen 等。2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1). 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态；过去进行时强调在过去某个时间内正在进行的动作。例句： He went home by car yesterday. 昨天他开车回家了。He was shopping at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点他正在购物。2). 一般过去时可以表示过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作，此时一般不出现时间状语；而过去进行时表示过去同一时间发生的事情。例句： He went home and did his homework. 他回家做作业了。He was cooking while his father was watching TV. 当他爸爸在看电视的时候，他在做饭。3). 过去进行时常用的时间状语有from eight to ten last night, at this time yesterday 等。4). go, come, leave, arrive, start 等动词的过去进行时表示从过去某一时间的角度看即将发生的动作。例句：He told me he was leaving for Shanghai. 他告诉我他将要去上海。3. 一般过去时和现在完成时1). 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态；现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响。例句：He went home with his father last night.他昨天晚上和他的爸爸一起回家了。He has already bought two cars. 他已经买了两辆车了。2). 一般过去时可以表示过去某个时间发生的动作；而现在完成时可以表示过去某个动作一直持续到现在。例句：He came here two years ago. 他两年前来到了这里。He has travelled to most of the cities in China since five years ago.五年来他已游遍了中国的大多数城市。3). 现在完成时中注意延续性动词和非延续性动词的区别。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbeginbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe dead二、易错点1. check; examine; test1). check用作动词时，意为“检查、核对、审核”，指核实某事物是否真实安全、正确完好、有无进展等。例句：I have checked your answers and none of them are correct.你的答案我都检查过了，没有一个对的。2). examine是动词，意为“检查、审查、测验”,表示为了了解某种情况而仔细“检查、审查”。例句：Li Lei will have his eyes examined tomorrow. 李磊明天去(医院)检查眼睛。3). test用作动词时，意为“试验、测验”，指通过考试、检测来测出能力水平和事物的标准或质量。例句：The long walk tests our powers of endurance.长时间的步行检测了我们的耐力。2. study; learn1). study通常指比较深入的学习，含有努力去学的意味，它侧重学习的过程，有“研究，钻研”的意思。例句：He is studying English now.现在他在学习英语。2). learn往往指通过学习、练习或由别人教授以获得某种知识或技能，侧重学习的成果，有“学会，学到”的意思。例句：He studied hard and finally learned the language.他努力学习，终于学会了这种语言。题模精选题模一：Unit 2 词汇应用例1.1.1 As we all know, Wudang Mountain is the _ of Shiyan.A proudB prideC progressD purpose例1.1.2 根据句所给汉语完成句子。1). 上周我奉命出差。I _ go on business last week.2). 他打了一个小时的电话了。He has _ for an hour.题模二：语法-易混淆时态辨析例1.2.1 Please dont make so much noise, the baby _ now.A sleepsB sleptC will sleepD is sleeping例1.2.2 根据所给汉语完成句子。1). 这个发明已经改变了我们的生活方式。This invention _.2). 你什么时候开始做这个项目的？When did you begin to_?3). 你喜欢网上购物吗？Do you like _?随堂练习随练1.1 Li Hong is so excellent that she is _ her family.A worried aboutB angry withC the pride ofD strict with随练1.2 The writer has _ a new novel for over a year.A worked onB turned onC put onD got on随练1.3 _ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.A The carB The trainC Paper-makingD The computer随练1.4 The truck was out of _ and hit a tree by the road.A dangerB breathC controlD practice随练1.5 根据句意及所给汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. Thomas Edison was one of the great I_ in the world.2. .I think the computer is the greatest i_ in history.3. In China, Marco Polo may be the most famous I_.4. Mr. Wang said that he _ (发明)a new machine.5. She wont give up easily. Shes a real _ (斗士).6. The two foreign students are _ (欧洲人).随练1.6 - How long have they _?- For more than twenty years.A marriedB had marriedC is marriedD been married自我总结课后作业作业1 - You should _ the customers some tea before meals.- But they said they couldnt wait to eat.A serveB inviteC provideD grow作业2 Qian Xuesen passed away on October 31,2009 _ the age of 98，but he is a man _ still encourages Chinese youth.A at; whoB on; whoC on; whichD at; which作业3 Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents.A satisfactionB developmentC communicationD preparation作业4 -There are a lot of _ of bike riding.- I agree. Its good for the environment and it saves money.A instructionsB instrumentsC advantagesD products作业5 根据所给汉语完成句子。1. 西蒙出生于北京。Simon _ Beijing.2. 玛丽嫁给了一个叫李明的中国人。Mary _ Li Ming.3. 玛丽居里一生两次获得诺贝尔奖吗?Did Marie Curie _?4. 你为什么最钦佩她?Why do you_?5. 他们是十年前结婚的。She _ her husband. 作业6 - Hi, I didnt see you at the party in the company yesterday evening.- Oh, all my family _ my sons birthday at home.答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 2 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查固定搭配，the pride of意为“的骄傲”。故选B。例1.1.2【答案】 1). was ordered to2). been on phone【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-易混淆时态辨析例1.2.1【答案】D【解析】 考查动词时态，根据时间状语now可知此时要用动词的现在进行时态，故选D。例1.2.2【答案】 1). changed the way we live2). work on the project3). shopping on line【解析】 考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查固定搭配，句意：李红如此优秀以至于她是她家人的骄傲。短语the pride of.意为“的骄傲”，符合句意。故选C。随练1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，句意：那位作家忙于一部新小说已经一年多了。work on意为“从事，忙于”；turn on 意为“打开”；put on 意为“穿上”；get on 意为“上( 车)”。故选A。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查词汇辨析，根据常识可知paper-making( 造纸术) 为古代中国的四大发明之一，故选C。随练1.4【答案】C【解析】 考查名词辨析，句意：卡车失去控制，撞到路旁的一棵树。短语out of control意为“失去控制”，符合句意。故选C。随练1.5【答案】 1. inventors2. invention3. Italian4. invented5. fighter6. Europeans【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随练1.6【答案】D【解析】 考查动词时态，由How long 和答语For more than twenty years.可知应该用be married。结合现在完成时态可知选D。课后作业作业1【答案】A【解析】 考查动词辨析，句意：-你应该在吃饭前给顾客提供茶水。-但是他们说他们迫不及待想吃东西。serve 招待，提供；invite 邀请；provide 提供；grow 成长。根据题干语境提示，为顾客提供茶水是一种服务，故用serve。故选A。作业2【答案】A【解析】 考查介词和定语从句，句意：钱学森于2009年10月31日去世，享年98岁，但是他仍然鼓励着中国的年轻人。at the age of在岁时。在定语从句中，先行词是人且在从句中作主语时，关系词用who。故选A。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查名词辨析，句意：如今学校应该关心一个学生才能的全面发展。故选B。作业4【答案】C【解析】 考查名词辨析，句意：-骑自行车有很多的好处。-我同意。它对环境有益而且省钱。instruction 意为“指令”；instrument 意为“乐器，器械”；advantage 意为“好处，优点”；product 意为“产品”。根据下句可推断出上句是说骑自行车的好处。故选C。作业5【答案】 1. was born in2. married a Chinese called3. receive the Nobel Prize twice during her lifetime4. admire her most5. got married【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。作业6【答案】 D【解析】 考查动词时态，句意：-喂，昨天晚上我在公司的晚会上没有看到你。-哦，我全家人都在家里给我儿子过生日。可以确定横线处应该用过去进行时,排除A 和B。由答句主语all my family 强调“全家人”，排除C。故选D。