动词不定式专题复习-PPT.ppt

T h e I n f i n i t i v e T h e I n f i n i t i v e 动词不定式 动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的构成：肯定式：肯定式：to+动词原形动词原形否定式：否定式：not to+动词原形动词原形 复合结构复合结构:for sb.to do动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法动词不定式可充当的句子成分：动词不定式可充当的句子成分：主语主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 状语状语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 注：动词不定式不能作谓语注：动词不定式不能作谓语 A.不定式作主语不定式作主语（一定要带（一定要带to,to,谓语动词要用单数）谓语动词要用单数）Toplayvideogameisfun.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用itit作形式主语，而将真正作形式主语，而将真正的主语即动词不定式放在句末，构成固定句型。的主语即动词不定式放在句末，构成固定句型。It isn.(for sb.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,onesduty,onesjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。It takes sb.some timeto do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。Its+adj.+（for/of sb.)+to do sth.该句型意为“做某事对某人来说是”。不定式作主语的常用句型不定式作主语的常用句型:1.Itscleverofyoutorefuseher.2.Itwascarelessofherofhertomakesuchamistake.3.Itsverykindofyoutohelpus.1.Itsnecessaryforyoutogiveupsmoking.2.Itseasyformetodothat.3.Itsveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.形容词为描述人的品质的词形容词为描述人的品质的词,使用使用of。（。（形容词修饰不定式时用介词for.形容词修饰逻辑主语时用介词of.）good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,honest,careful,polite,wrong,bad,foolish,careless。for sb./of sb.的区别的区别用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用道理上通顺用of，不通则用，不通则用for。1.Itsveryniceofyoutosayso.Youarenice.(通顺，所以应用of)2.ItshardforhimtofinishtheprojectbyhimselfHeishard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for)不定式像名词一样，可以放在不定式像名词一样，可以放在bebe动词后面。动词后面。1.MywishistovisitLondonnextyear.2.TomsideaistogotoForestParktohaveapicnic.3.Theimportantthingistosavelives.4.Mywishistowriteagoodbookforchildren.5.Ourworkistobuildthehighway.6.MyjobistoteachEnglish.7.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorthtoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.8.Mysuggestionistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.B.不定式作表语不定式作表语ones wish/job/aim/goal/ambition/plan/dream/way/work/hope/duty/idea/suggestion is to do/be(1)Ihopetobeadoctor.(2)Shedecidedtomakeanothertry.(3)Theyallwanttoseethefilm.(4)Wehopetobebackhomeat6:00.(5)Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.常见的能跟带常见的能跟带to不定式的动词及短语：不定式的动词及短语：want/wish/hope/decide/learn/plan/wouldlike/getreadytodoC.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语e.g.I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。sb.believe/think/consider/feel/make/find+it+adj.+to do sth.1.Idontknowwheretogo.2.Hedidntknowwhattodo./howtodoit.3.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?4.Icantdecidewhichtochoose.5.Theteachershowedushowtouseacomputer.“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构可以转换为从句形式结构可以转换为从句形式1）IdontknowwhereIwillgo.2）Hedidntknowwhathewoulddo/howhecoulddoit.3）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere.4）IcantdecidewhichIwillchoose.5)Theteachershowedushowwecoulduseacomputer.不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，作宾语不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，作宾语1.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.2.Igotupearlytocatchthebus.3.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.5.Shewassurprisedtohearthenews.6.Imgladtomeetyou.D.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目目目目的、原因、结果的、原因、结果的、原因、结果的、原因、结果 等。等。表示表示目的目的目的目的表示表示原因原因原因原因表示表示结果结果结果结果 表示目的：表示目的：表示目的：表示目的：He came here just to ask me some questions.to ask me some questions.He bought a bicycle to go to town more quicklyto go to town more quickly.He went home to see his motherto see his mother.He came here in orderin order to see Charlie.He shouted and waved so asso as to be noticed.He went early in orderin order not to miss the train.I turned the radio down so asso as not to disturb him.为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，通常可以用为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，通常可以用in order(not)to 或或 so as(not)to (so as to 不能放在句首）不能放在句首）可以和可以和so that引导的目的状语从句转换。引导的目的状语从句转换。Mr Li got up early so tht he could catch the early bus.Mr Li got up early so as/in order to catch the early bus.表示结果：表示结果：一般用在一般用在enough to,tooto 等结构中等结构中,可以和可以和sothat引引导的结果状语从句转换导的结果状语从句转换1.He ran fast enough to catch up with them.2.He is too young to go to school.3.She was too excited to say a word.Heransofastthathecaughtupwiththem.Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.Heisntoldenoughtogotoschool.Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldntsayaword.表示原因：表示原因：be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid.surprised等表情感的形容词后）+todosth.下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带toto：ask/tell/order/want/invite/allow/like/warn/encourage/teachwouldlikesbtodo1.Mymotheralwayslikesmetogetupearly.2.LucyoftenteachesmetolearnEnglish.3.Shedoesntwanthertoattendthemeeting.4.Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary.5.Sheaskedmetostaythere.6.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.E.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语下下列列动动词词用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，必必须须省省去不定式符号去不定式符号to：e.g.1.Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.2.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.3.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?学会记忆学会记忆:作宾补不带作宾补不带to.一感：一感：feel二听：二听：hear,listen to三使役三使役/让：让：let,make,have五看：五看：see,watch,look at,observe,notice可带可不带可带可不带to：help总结:省省to 的不定式的不定式1）情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)：2）使役动词let,have,make3）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。4）wouldrather，hadbetter5）Whydontyou/whynot：6）help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb.(to)dosth.7)hadbetter(not)8)Will/Wouldyouplease?1.I have a lot of homeworkto do.to do.2.Do you have anythingto say?to say?3.My father has something importantto tell me.to tell me.4.Would you like somethingto drink?to drink?5.Here is a book for youto read.to read.6.I have no timeto talk with her.to talk with her.7.He needs a roomto live in.to live in.8.He was always the lastto leave.to leave.9.Betty was the firstto know the truth.to know the truth.10.She usually has a lot of meetings to attendto attend in the evening.11.I want to get something to readto read during the vocation.F.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，通常总是以短语的形式在句中出现的，不定式作定语时，通常总是以短语的形式在句中出现的，因此作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。因此作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式是不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词，它后面应加上相应的，它后面应加上相应的介词介词介词介词1.The nurse has five children to look afterafter.2.Lets first find a room to put the things inin.3.Please pass me some paper to write on.4.Theres nothing for us to worry about.5.She has a nice pen to write with.6.He bought a flat for the family to live in.e.g.He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.当名词被当名词被the first,the last,the only 等序数词以及形容词最等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语。高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语。the first,the last,the next,the only to do sth注意注意作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去常省去to 后面的动词，只保留后面的动词，只保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Ex：1.To do that sort of thing is foolish.2.I want to see you this evening.3.The work you have to do now is to finish it quickly.4.We found a house to live in.5.She came here to study English.6.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补不定式短语whatwhowhichhow +不定式不定式whenwhere用于tell,teach,how,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand,explain之后，在句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语Idontknowhowtodoit.wheretogo.whattosay.whentobegin.whichbustotake.做主语Howtodoitisveryimportant.WheretogoWhattosayWhentobegin作表语Thequestionishowtodoit.wheretogetit.whattosay.1.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.Dontforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give6.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked9.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idontknownext.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.Rememberlastforclassagain.AA.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.Mr.Smithaskedthemanthequeue.A.notjumpB.didntjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,itsvery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC.togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.Whatabouttothecinematonight?-Thatsagoodidea.Idlikewithyou.A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets17.Weveworkedfortwohours.Letsarest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.Wouldyoumindmeafavour（恩惠）？A.doB.togoC.doingD.did19.Mr.Wangaskedmehim.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.PleasetellJimnotlateagain.A.toB.beC.tobeD.beto23.Pleasedontforgettome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.A.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing25.Itsaboutsixoclock,Letssuppernow.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.Wedbetterontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.dontplay24.MotherdecidedTomawayfromschool.A.tokeepnotB.keepnotC.nottokeepD.notkeepA.29.Ioftenseethemwithsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked30.Hesayslifewontbeworthwithoutlove.A.liveB.livingC.livingD.tolive27.LiuMeihelpedtheTurnerstheirticketsonthetrain.A.pickB.lookupC.pickupD.looklike28.Ioftenseethemwithsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked1.31.ThismorningIsawamanonthestreetonmyway.A.lives;thereB.lived;toschoolC.lying;toschoolD.tolie;home.32.Hehasgivenuptennissincehewasill.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.plays33.-willyoucometothenetbarwithme?-sorry,Mymotheralwaystellsmethere.A.notgoB.nottogoC.goD.togo34._DoyoustillremembermesomewhereBeijing?-Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw35.Parentsmustwarntheirchildren_.A.toplaywithfireB.nottoplaywithfireC.ofplayingfireD.playingfire1.