高中英语时态语态讲义及习题.doc

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动词的时态和语态
一。动词的分类及形式：
（一）根据用法： ①实义动词：及物动词: 后必须直接加宾语；如：____________________________
不及物动词：不能直接加宾语。如：______________________________
②系动词：后加表语。如：_____________________________
③助动词：基本助动词：用来构成时态和语态，本身无具体意义。如：_______________
情态助动词：本身有词汇意义，后加动词原形。（除ought to）
（一） 根据语法作用：谓语动词和非谓语动词。
1. 谓语动词：在句中作谓语，形式上要与句中主语在________,________ 和_________上保持一致。
He wants to buy a new bicycle.
2. 非谓语动词：___________,_________,__________,_____________.
不能单独作谓语，作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。
He wants to buy a new bicycle.
I’m sorry for having to bother you.
(三) 动词的五种基本形式：
动词原形
单数第三人称
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
work

put

do

二．动词的时态：动词时态是一种动词形式。
英语的时态有：现在、过去、将来、过去将来。
从方式上看，英语时态又有：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。共有16种时态。以work为例。

现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般

进行

完成

完成进行

（一） 一般现在时：
1. 表习惯性，反复出现的动作。我通常9点睡觉。______________________________.
常用的时间状语：always, often, sometimes, every day, __________, (每三年)， now and then.,
2. 表主语的特征、性格或感觉、状态：
全世界男女老少都喜爱运动：_________________________________________.
3. 表客观事实或普遍真理。 中国位于亚洲东部。_______________________________.
光比声音传的快。________________________________.
4. ★表按规定预计要发生的未来动作，只限于 go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin 等动词。
二月五号开学。___________________________.____________
飞机15点零5 起飞。_________________________.__________
会议明天上午9点开始。________________________________._________
5. 在when, before, until, if, as soon as 引导表将来行为的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如果明天天晴，我们就去游览长城。__________________________________.
当你碰见他时，叫他到我家来。______________________________________.
他一到，你就给我打电话。_______________________________________.

(二)一般过去时：
1.过去某一点时间发生的动作或状态：常用的时间状语：____________
刚才你在哪？_____________________________.
他进来时我看见他了。_______________________________.
2.过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语:______________
During his middle school years, he _______ football nearly every day.
3. 表主语过去的特征或性格。 那时她英语说的很好。_____________________________.
4. ★有些情况，发生时间没清楚表明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态。
我没想到你这么忙。________________________________.
我没想到在这儿碰到你。_____________________________________.

（三）一般将来时：
1. be going to + 动词原形，表明确打算或确信会发生。
1）表现在打算或计划将来要做的事。
I ___ _____ ____ _____ to Henry this evening.
They ____ _______ _____ _____a meeting to discuss it.
2) 表根据某种迹象认为在最近或将要发生的事。
天看上去要下雨。_________________________________.
这根绳子马上就要断了。______________________________.
2.be to + 动词原形，表安排好要发生或命令做什么。
1） 表预先安排好的计划或约定。
星期六晚上将有一场音乐会。______________________________.
展览会将在一周后开幕。_____________________________________.
2） 表说话人的意志，意图，职责，义务，命令。We are to take care of all these children.
No one is to leave the room without permission.
3)表注定要发生的事。 他的计划是注定要失败的。_______________________________.
3. be about to + 动词原形， 表“正要干某事，即将要做某事”
会议就要开始。_______________________________.
注意：be about to do 不可和具体的将来时间状语连用；常和as 和when 引导的时间状语从句连用。
判断正误：They are about to leave this afternoon.( ) & They are about to leave.（ ）
She ____ ______ ____ go to the cinema _____ I came.
As I came, she was about to go to the cinema.

（四）过去将来时：
1. 构成： would/ should+ 动词原形。( should 用于第一人称)
2. 用法：1）He said he _______________________ ( go ) to the north for the holiday.
I told her I ___________________________________.(我要在几天内归还这些书)
2) was/ were going to + 动词原形：过去曾打算或计划要做某事
She said she ______________________________________________. (打算买一部新单车)
3） was/ were + 动词不定式: 表过去计划或安排将要做某事。
He said he _____________________________________________. ( 计划一周内完成这件工作)
4） was/ were + about + 动词不定式：表即将要发生的事。
I was about to go out ___________________________________.(就在此时电话铃响了)

（五） 现在进行时： am, is ,are + 现在分词
1. 说话时正在进行的动作：我们正在上英语课。______________________.
2. 现阶段正在进行的动作：他正在翻译一本书。____________________________.
3. go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose 用进行时表预计即将发生的动作。
我舅舅就要从国外回来了。__________________________.
火车就要到了。_____________________________________.
4. 表反复发生的动作，与 always, forever, constantly, all the time 连用，常表不满 抱怨赞赏。
She is always finding fault with others. John is always thinking of others.
注意：表“感情，感觉，存在，从属，思维”等动词，常不用于被动态。
表感官： see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem
表感情： hate, love, like, want, wish
表存在状态： be, exist, stay, remain
表占有与从属： have, possess, belong, consist

（六） 过去进行时：
This time yesterday, they were having lunch.
He was coughing the whole night.

（七） 现在完成时：have/has +动词原形。表某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
China has already made great progress in science and technology.
从中学起，我们就是好朋友。__________________________________.

★（八）现在完成进行时： have/ has been + doing,表从过去某时开始一直进行到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。
他毕业后一直在教英语。____________________________.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
完成时表 动作完成，着重结果。完成进行时 表动作完成，但强调动作的持续性。
I have watered the flowers. I have been watering the flowers.

(九) 过去完成时： had + 过去分词。表过去的过去。
She ___ _______ 2000 English words by the end of last month.
The train _________ already _____________ when I __________ to the station.
He asked who ___________ ___________ the window.
I found the pen which I __________ ____________.
★ Mean, hope, intend want, think 的过去完成时可表示一个本打算做而没做的事。
我本想来，但下雨了。___________________________.
我本希望再见他一面。______________________________.

三．动词的语态：主语和谓语之间的关系。
主动语态：主语是谓语动作的执行者。
被动语态：主语是谓语动作的承受者。
我们尊敬老师。___________________________.
老师受到我们的尊敬。_____________________________________.

(一) 构成：__________________-
(二)使用被动语态需要注意的问题：
1.短语动词的被动态：不可去掉后面的介词。
那位老人常受人嘲笑。__________________________________.
时间一定要充分利用。_________________________________.
那计划就要被他们放弃了。_________________________________.

2.含情态动词的被动态： 情态动词+ be + 过去分词
必须阻止他去。______________________________.
计划必须尽早执行。____________________________________.
(三)不能用被动语态的情况：
1. 句子谓语为不及物动词或系动词be时：
Something happened to him. He is a teacher.
2.动词have虽及物, 但不用于被动语I have a new radio. We have a very good time here.
★3.谓语动词表示情况或状况：
This shirt fits you well. I lack words with which to express my thanks.
这类动词有：contain. Equal, fit, hold , join ,lack, mean , suit , look like , consist of, become of, belong to ;
★5.有些动词用主动形式表达被动含义(说明主语的特性)：open, shut, wear, sell, wash, write, read.
这门打不开。___________________________.
这种布很耐洗、耐穿。_________________________.
你的笔写起来很顺滑。__________________________.

专项练习：
1.We'll go swimming if the weather _______fine tomorrow.
A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be
2.It ______ five years since he has left for Beijing.
A. was B. have been C.is D.is going to be
3.Please don't leave the office until your friend _____ back.
A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come
4.By the end of last year he ______ about 1500 English words.
A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned
5.Listen ! Someone ______in the next room .
A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried
6.You must tell him the news as soon as you ______him.
A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing
7.He told me that he_______to see us the next day.
A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come
8.We can't find him anywhere . Perhaps he ________ home.
A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come
9.The teacher told us that the sun _______ bigger than the earth.
A. is B. was C. has been D.will be
10.Could you tell me where the railway station ______ ?
A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
11.We ______to the Great Wall several times.
A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been
12.It seemed that the old man ______ for something over there.
A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked
13.He was sure that he _______ his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
14.You must study hard if you _______ want to fail the exam.
A. won't B. don't C. haven't D. hadn't
15. -I'm afraid you can't sit here . ---------Sorry , I _____know.
A. don't B. won't C. can't D. didn't
16. As she ______the newspaper , Granny ______ asleep.
A. read , was falling B. was reading , fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell
17. -__________my glasses ? -------Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen
18. -Jim is not coming tonight . -----------But he _______ !
A. promises（许诺） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
19. -What's her name? -------I _______ .
A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
20.You_______ your turn so you'll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed
动词时态能力综合测试
1.He often______ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
2.I'm Chinese. Where ______ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
3.Mary _______ to school.
A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking
4.We will start as soon as our teacher ________.
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
5.How long ago ______playing football?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
6.It _______hard when I left my house .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
7.I think this question _________to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy
8. Don't talk so loudly . Your father______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
9.How many people does the doctor know who _______ of the disease (疾病)？
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
10.I _________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
11.It _______ ten years since his father died.
A. is B. was C. had been D. will be
12.He _______for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
13.His grandfather _______for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
14.I ________from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
15.Maths , one of the most important subjects_______always interested him.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
16.-Did your brother go to America last year? ---------_______ .
A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here
C. No , he never was there D. No , he's never been there
17.He______that factory since 1958.
A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to
18.Since ten years ago great changes _______ in China.
A. happened B. have been happened C. have happened D. are taken place
19.Our teacher_____to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been
20.It's the third time you______late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive
21.___________the film since I came here.
A. I've seen B. I will see C. I would see D. I see
22.Last week John _____ his leg.
A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken
23.Jack _______his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
24.He ________the picture on the wall.
A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged
25.Next month_______twenty five.
A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be
26.You _______her again in a few weeks.
A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen
27.My parents ________me to be a doctor.
A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes
28.It_______________hard when we left.
A. is raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining
29. By the end of last term we ____________English for two years.
A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied
30.She said that she________there for five years .
A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked
31.Mrs Brown __________in New York for three years before she went to London.
A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live
32.When we arrived , the dinner________.
A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun
33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I _________ my exams.
A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
34.When ________ I'll talk to him.
A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come
35.My sister ________ to see me . She'll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
36.They said they _________ our answer the next day .
A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear
37.The old man said that light_______faster than sound.
A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel
38.Oh, dear Xiao Hong . I__________you_________in Sheyang.
A. don't know , are B. didn't know , were C. didn't know , are D. don't know , have been
39.-Is John going away? ------- I think so . He _______for a better job, but he didn't get it.
A. had hoped B. was hoped C. hoping D. had hope
40.I am sure he'll come to see me before he_______Beijing.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. leaves
41.-Well , here I am at last. -Good ! I________worried .
A. was , that you wouldn't be back on time B. is , that you would be back on time
C. is , so you'd be back on time D. was , whether(是否) you wouldn't be back on time

动词时态专项训练参考答案
一、1.goes 2. seems 3. are playing 4. was listening 5.is going to rain 6. will bring 7. has taken 8.would come 9. had left 10. have lost 11. sat 12. has gone 13. hasn't eaten 14.will go 15. rains es 17. did , buy 18. have been 19. were , doing 20. did , cost
二、1--5ACBDC 6--10ADCAB 11--15DCCBD 16--20BDBAB
三、1--5BAAAC 6--10CBBAC 11--15ABCBA 16--20DBCDC 21--25ABBBB 26--30ABDDB 31--35BCBCB 36--40CCBAD 41.A

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