2022高考英语一轮总复习-语法专题突破-专题四-形容词和副词学案北师大版.doc

2022高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题四 形容词和副词学案北师大版

2022高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题四 形容词和副词学案北师大版

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专题四　形容词和副词
核心考点课堂突破　
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 　　　　　(extreme) challenging. 
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.　　　　　(certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must. 
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The 　　　　　(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 　　　　　(fine) work,so that he could choose the best. 
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved,　　　　　 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 
6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,　　　　　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. 
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　　　　　(poor) studied. 
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　　　　　(high) than they actually are. 
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Her years of hard work have 　　　　　(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman of the Year. 
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...We are so proud of her.It’s 　　　　　(wonder).” 
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many 　　　　　(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 　　　　　(huge) popular with tourists. 
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 　　　　　 
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 　　　　　 
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health,she makes special plans for us. 　　　　　 
4.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our family. 　　　　　 
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China.See you sooner. 　　　　　 
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. 　　　　　 
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. 　　　　　 
8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly. 　　　　　 
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Then,when I was in the fifth grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 　　　　　 
考点归纳
考点一　复合形容词的构成
形容词+
名词+ed
kind-hearted

名词+
形容词
world-famous
形容词+
形容词
dark-blue

名词+
现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+
现在分词
ordinary-looking

名词+
过去分词
snow-covered
副词+
现在分词
hard-working

数词+
名词+ed
three-legged
副词+过
去分词
newly-built

数词+名词
twenty-year

考点二　形容词做定语的位置
形容词做定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobody absent,everything possible
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
the best book available,the only solution possible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置
the only person awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时
a bridge 50 meters long
成对的形容词可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
形容词短语一般后置
a man difficult to get on with

考点三　副词的分类
时间
副词
soon,now,early,finally,once,recently

频度
副词
always,often,frequently,seldom,never
地点
副词
here,nearby,outside,upwards,above

疑问
副词
how,where,when,why
方式
副词
gently,hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really

连接
副词
how,when,where,why,whether,however,
meanwhile
程度
副词
extremely,simply,surely,so,almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather

关系
副词
when,where,why

考点四　形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
◆规则变化
构　成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est
small
smaller
smallest
great
greater
greatest
hard
harder
hardest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st
fine
finer
finest
cute
cuter
cutest
able
abler
ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est
fat
fatter
fattest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrow
narrower
narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most
careful
more careful
most careful
popular
more
popular
most popular
efficiently
more
efficiently
most efficiently

特别提醒①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid和以-ow,-er结尾的词。
②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),favourite(最喜爱的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。
◆不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest

2.形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
项　目
例　句
as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和……(不)一样……”
She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……”
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen a more interesting film.

续　表　　
项　目
例　句
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”
This room is less beautiful than that one.
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……”
The harder you work,the more progress you will make.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义
I have never spent a more worrying day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”
He is more shy than unfriendly.
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等
The book is superior to that one I just finished reading.
no+比较级+than两者都不
This book is no more interesting than that once.
The+比较级+of the two两者中较为……
the older of the two

注意1.可以修饰比较级的程度副词有:still,rather,much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,byfar,agreatdeal
2.常用as...as结构的词组:
(1)aslongas只要
(2)asfaras远到……;就……而言
(3)assoonas一……就……
(4)aswellas既……又;和……一样好
(5)asgoodas与……几乎一样;几乎;简直是;和……一样好
(6)as...aspossible尽可能……
(7)asbusyasabee非常忙碌
考点五　倍数的表达
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
This building is three times higher than that one.
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This building is three times as high as that one.

续　表　　
A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B
This building is three times the height of that one.
A is+倍数+that+of+B
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2019.
A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2019.

考点六　常用的分词形容词和副词
有些动词的分词可以用作形容词,在该形容词后加-ly 则可以构成相应的副词。
形容词
副　词
exciting令人兴奋的
excited兴奋的
excitingly令人兴奋地
excitedly兴奋地
disappointing令人失望的
disappointed失望的
disappointingly令人失望地
disappointedly失望地
surprising令人吃惊的
surprised吃惊的
surprisingly令人吃惊地
surprisedly吃惊地
shocking令人震惊的
shocked震惊的
shockingly令人震惊地
shockedly震惊地
amazing令人惊奇的
amazed感到惊奇的
amazingly令人惊奇地
amazedly感到惊奇地
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
interestingly有趣地
interestedly感兴趣地
embarrassing令人尴尬的
embarrassed感到尴尬的
embarrassingly令人尴尬地
embarrassedly感到尴尬地
confusing令人感到困惑的
confused感到困惑的
confusingly令人感到困惑地
confusedly感到困惑地

专项训练巩固提升　
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.In fact,1924 is often considered the beginning of a 　　　　　(true) modern Olympic era. 
2.Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the 　　　　　(good) possible education. 
3.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here 　　　　　(early). 
4.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only 　　　　　(narrow) beaten. 
5.Alan is a careful driver,but he drives the least 　　　　　(careful) of my friends. 
6.She devoted herself 　　　　　(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. 
7.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will 　　　　　(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 
8.Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any 　　　　　(far) damage to the paintings. 
9.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds,and I have not seen a 　　　　　(good) one this year. 
10.Mr Smith used to smoke 　　　　　(heavy) but he has given it up. 
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.He had such many falls that he was black and blue all over. 　　　　　 
2.Although the climate and the landscape are pleased,people lead a tough life there. 　　　　　 
3.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. 　　　　　 
4.I could good remember the incident that happened on the cold Monday evening. 　　　　　 
5.Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family. 　　　　　 
6.I went to visit her this morning,but she got very much angry with me for spending my money on flowers. 　　　　　 
7.After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 　　　　　 
8.After learning the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practically to me. 　　　　　 
9.Located in North America,Canada is the second large country with the largest number of lakes in the world. 　　　　　 
10.Nothing is much easy to defeat you when you often assess yourself negatively. 　　　　　 
Ⅲ.语法填空
Some time ago,a friend of mine,who worked in a part of the city I didn’t know very 1.　　　　　(good),invited me to call on him.It took me hours to get there and I took 2.(greatly) trouble to find a proper spot to park my car.As I was already three-quarters of an hour late,I parked my car 3.　　　　　(quick). 
At noon,just as I was leaving my friend’s office,it 4.(sudden) struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car.I could 5.　　　　　(hard) go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere!Walking down the street,I examined each car 6.　　　　　(close) and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car.But How 7.　　　　　(disappoint) I was to discover that though the car was 8.(exact) like my own,it belonged to someone else!Feeling quite 9.　　　　　(tire),I went off for lunch.Some time 10.　　　　　(late),I left the restaurant and walked down the street.Turning the corner,I nearly jumped for joy:my car was right in front of me,and there was no problem this time. 
Ⅳ.短文改错
Mr Page,
How are you doing?
It’s a honour to invite you to our school give a lecture to the students.What the students are interesting in is what Princeton University is like.However,the students are eager to know that how they can be admitted by the university.Busy as you are,you are still willingly to prepare for the lecture.Here,I expressed gratitude to you on behalf of all the students.What’s worse,the lecture will be holding between 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm next Tuesday in the lecture hall in the second floor of the school main building.
Hope to see you then.
Yours,
Li Hua

专题四　形容词和副词
核心考点·课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.1.extremely　2.Certainly　3.beautiful　4.finest　5.gently
6.wealthy　7.poorly　8.higher　9.finally　10.wonderful
11.traditional;hugely
Ⅱ.1.simply→simple　2.surely→sure　3.surely→sure
4.concerning→concerned　5.sooner→soon　6.interesting→interested　7.hardly→hard　8.coolly→cool　9.too→very/so
专项训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.1.truly　2.best　3.earlier　4.narrowly　5.carefully　6.entirely　7.hopefully　8.further　9.better　10.heavily
Ⅱ.1.such→so　2.pleased→pleasing　3.wonderfully→wonderful
4.good→well　5.Unfortunate→Unfortunately　6.去掉much
7.frightening→frightened　8.practically→practical　9.large→largest　10.easy→easier
Ⅲ.1.well　2.great　3.quickly　4.suddenly　5.hardly　6.closely
7.disappointed　8.exactly　9.tired　10.later
Ⅳ.Mr.Page,
How are you doing?
It’s honour to invite you to our school give a lecture to the students.What the students are in is what Princeton University is like.,the students are eager to know
that
how they can be admitted by the University.Busy as you are,you are still to prepare for the lecture.Here,I gratitude to you on behalf of all the students.What’s ,the lecture will be between 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm next Tuesday in the lecture hall the second floor of the school main building.
Hope to see you then.
Yours,
Li Hua