高考必考英语语法大全.doc

高考必考英语语法大全
虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
　　主语从句的虚拟
　　1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
　　常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural
　　It's important that he take my advice.
　　2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
　　常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
　　It's a pity that he be so silly.
　　3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
　　常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
　　proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
　　It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
　　宾语从句的虚拟
　　1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。
　　I advise that he stay at home.
　　2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。
　　I wish I had watched the football match last night.
　　注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。
　　1. as if, as though
　　He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
　　2. otherwise, but, even though
　　He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
　　3. with, without, but for
　　Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
　　But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
　　4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
　　5. It's time that
　　It's time that you went to bed.
　　It's time that you should go to bed.
表语从句中的虚拟
　　在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
　　名词从句部分：
　　1. that不可省略的情况
　　2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。
　　We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
　　popular science. (that引导同位语从句)
　　The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
　　in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)
　　3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：
　　What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
　　本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。
　　It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
　　本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。
　　As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
　　本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。
　　4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。
　　名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。
　　5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。
　　介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
　　that不能省略的情况：
　　1)介词后面的that不能省略：
　　Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
　　2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时：
　　That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
　　3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：
　　She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
　　4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略：
　　He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名词性从句中it的使用：
　　为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
　　定语从句
　　关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
　　(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。
　　a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，
　　Everything (that) he did is wrong.
　　b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，
　　I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
　　c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
　　This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
　　d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如
　　He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
　　e. 只用which的情况
　　在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
　　This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
　　The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
　　f. where和when作关系副词
　　This is the room where I worked.
　　This is the room which I stayed in.
　　I remembered the day when we lived there.
　　I remembered the day that I spent there.
　　g. as和which
　　as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
　　As you know, he is good at English.
　　three of them 和three of which
　　I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
　　I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
　　(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况：
　　在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义
　　瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义
　　(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用why或者for which。
　　(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：
　　位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后
　　作用不同：as从句动词常常是see \know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。
状语从句部分
　　1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
　　2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。
　　No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
　　3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，
　　用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
　　4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /
　　though引导的让步状语从句。
　　5. 连词before小结：
　　We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
　　We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
　　Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
　　Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)
　　It will be/was…before…要过多久才……
　　6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;
　　since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱;
　　7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。
　　8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。
　　非谓语动词部分
　　动词不定式几点注意。
　　1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
　　expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
　　would like to等。
　　2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能
　　……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如
　　此……结果……)。
　　3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。
　　否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。
　　4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
　　这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。
　　5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
　　ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。
　　6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
　　does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。
　　7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。
　　You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
　　He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
　　8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
　　This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)
　　This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)
　　9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。
　　The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .)
语法考点高频答案词 避开语法的干扰，平均轻松多得3-7分!
　　Where是高频答案词!
　　1.从属连词，引导地点状语从句。
　　The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
　　2.关系副词。用于定从。
　　There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her bands.
　　3.连接副词，用于名词性从句。
　　You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree.
　　〖2011陕西卷〗I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
　　A.which B. where C. who D.that
　　〖2010全国Ⅰ〗We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.
　　A. that B. which C. what D. where
　　〖2010全国Ⅱ〗—Have you finished the book?
　　---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.
　　A.which B.what C.that D.where
　　〖2010江苏〗—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
　　—That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
　　A.where B.how C.when D.what
　　〖2010重庆〗Today, we will begin _____we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
　　A. when B. where C. how D. what
　　〖2009江苏〗 __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
　　A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until
　　高频句型核心词对完形和单选有快速突破作用,同时对作文造句起到立竿见影的功效!
　　It’s (There’s ) no use / good doing………
　　It’s (There’s) no sense / point (in) doing……
　　no wonder难怪
　　hurry不着急
　　doubt毫无疑问
　　excuse没有理由(借口)
　　way决不
　　delay毫不犹豫
　　〖2008江苏〗—I can’t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid.
　　—That’s OK, there’s ______.
　　A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
　　no problem意思是 “没问题”, 通常单独使用或用That’s no problem;(It’s) no wonder…意思是 “难怪”;There is no doubt…意思是 “毫无疑问”。〖答案〗D
　　〖2003北京〗—_____I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke.I was very tired.
　　—There is no______ for this while you are on duty.
　　A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation
　　excuse理由、借口。说话人意为：你在值班的时候是没有任何理由出去的。reason原因;cause事情起因;explanation解释, 与句意不符。〖答案〗B
　　〖2006全国Ⅱ〗It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
　　A. use B. help C.time D.way
　　it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。help意为 “帮助”。time意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。〖答案〗A
　　〖2009福建〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any ______ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. =with no
　　A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration
　　delay：耽搁, 延误;effort：努力;schedule：时间表;consideration：考虑, 体谅;关心。当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
　　阅读词汇题及完形熟词僻义高频考点
　　您知道的sense是[感官]的意思,point是[小数点]的意思,如果你不知道他们的僻义是[意义]的话,下面的高考完形真题,您能答对吗?
　　(2008·安徽卷)What is the 52 of studying towns in the way? For me, it is simply that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a guide-book.
　　52. A. point B. view C. problem D. difficulty
　　(2004·重庆卷)“This scar will be lasting,but to this day, I have never regretted what I did.”At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her mother in his arms and felt a great __54____ of the sacrifice that his mother had made for him. He held her hand tightly for the tightly of the day.
　　54.A honor B.sense C.happiness D.pride#P#
　　再举个例子serve是[服务]的意思, 如果你不知道他们的僻义是[端饭, 端菜端酒等及 对……起作用]的话, 下面的高考完形真题,您可能同样会选错的! 若想知道更多详尽的高频归纳请立即购买2012吴军高考英语高频答案词一本通教案!
　　(2008·四川卷)...Clearly I had made mistakes. I had started the evening wanting to have a happy time with my daughter but had allowed my desire to win to become more important than my relationship with my daughter. When I was a child, my desire to win 34 me well. As a parent, I realized that it got in my way. So I had to change.
　　34 A offered B served C controlled D taught
　　(2006·全国卷I)…A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to set the table and take their order,and then walked back to the loud cheers of the rest of his customers. Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went once more into the water to 50 the wine.The couple toasted each other ,the waiter and the crowd…
　　50. A. change B. drink C. sell D. serve
　　(2004·全国卷I)It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目) , "The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条) " caught my eye. The word "spaghetti" brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien' s in Belleville when all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 38 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in those days.
　　38 A cooked B served C got D made
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　　相似句型的对比!(详解略)
　　1.强调句与定语从句的对比
　　[1] It was in this city ______ he was born.
　　[2] It was this city ______ he was born.
　　[3] It was in 1989 ______ he was born.
　　[4] It was 1989 _____ he was born.
　　A. where B. which C. that D. when
　　CACD
　　2.与其他从句的对比
　　[1] In my eyes, _______ is known to all _____ Chinese economy has taken off.
　　[2] ______ is known to all, Chinese economy has taken off.
　　[3] I took some medicine for the bad cold, but _____ didn’t help.
　　[4] I took some medicine for the bad cold, ______ didn’t help.
　　[5] I find ______ is a pity that he failed in the driving test.
　　A. which B. that C. it D. As
　　[1] CB [2] D [3] C [4] A [5] C
　　3.与there be句型的对比
　　[1] ______ is no doubt that China plays an important role in the world affairs.
　　[2] ______ is no/little wonder that Liu Xiang is a flying man in the world.
　　[3] ______ is no point in working on his PhD.
　　[4] ______ is no knowing where she is now.
　　A. There B. That C. It D. This

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