真题2000年1月份托福阅读真题及其答案.doc

真题2000年月份托福阅读真题及其答案As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenthcentury， it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded， as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep， cows， pigs， vegetables， cider， and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736， when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days， the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places towould-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown， for example，were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition， retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful， the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants side， as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts， and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business， after all， in the capital city of the province. Not only did theycater to the governor and his circle， but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of thecourts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss？Philadelphias agriculture importancePhiladelphias development as a marketing centerThe sale of imported goods in PhiladelphiaThe administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia becausethey provided more modem facilities than older marketsthe High Street Market was forced to closeexisting markets were unable to serve the growing populationfarmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word “hinterland “ in line 3 is closest in meaning totraditionassociationproduceregion4. The word “it“ in line 6 refers tothe crowded citya radiusthe High Street Marketthe period5. The word “persisted“ in line 9 is closest in meaning toreturnedstarteddeclinedcontinued6. According to the passage， fairs in Philadelphia were heldon the same day as market saysas often as possiblea couple of times a yearwhenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions “Linens and stockings“ in line 12 to show that they were items thatretail merchants were not willing to sellwere not available in the stores in Philadelphiawere more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphiacould easily be transported8. The word “eradicate“ in line 16 is closest in meaning toeliminateexploitorganizeoperate9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that “economic development was on the merchants side “？Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independenceSpecialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economicallysuccessful.10. The word “undergoing“ in line 22 is closest in meaning torequestingexperiencingrepeatingincluding3