高中英语虚拟语气考点突破.docx

高中英语虚拟语气考点突破

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单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)
1、The current population of the plant ______________ fit into the state of Taxes, if Taxes were settled as thickly as New York City．
A．couldB．canC．willD．should
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果能像纽约市那样对税收进行严格的规定，那么目前工厂的工人就能适应纽约州的税收。根据前文“current”及后文“if Taxes were settled ”可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设。主句中应用could/should/might/would+动词原形。此处表示“能够”应用could。故选A。
2、-Would you ___ first aid to him, had it been possible?
-Yes, but I _____.
A．have offered; had got hurt.B．offer; had got hurt.
C．have offered; got hurt.D．had offered; had got hurt.
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——如果可能的话，你会给他急救吗？——是的，但是我受伤了。根据后文had it been possible可知是对过去情况的虚拟，时间背景为过去，故第一空填have offered。下文回答为真实的情况，应用一般过去时，故第二空填got hurt。故选C。
3、I think that conflict is unlikely to happen, but if it _____, the interests of both sides would be severely damaged.
A．would occurB．had occurredC．were to occurD．occurs
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我认为冲突不太可能发生，但是如果发生了，双方的利益都会受到严重的损害。根据句中的“is unlikely to happen”可知，冲突目前并没有发生，所以这种假设是针对将来而言的，此时从句谓语可以用一般过去时态，be动词只能用were，即were＋不定式或者should＋动词原形，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。故选C。
4、-I can't believe it． Tom failed the test again!
-He would not be so upset now your advice．
A．would he followB．should he follow
C．did he followD．had he followed
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我真不敢相信，汤姆又考砸了！如果他听从你的建议，他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知，本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。
小提示：
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：

条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时 (was→were ) ; 
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。
5、She looks as if she _____ ten years younger.
A．isB．wasC．wereD．had been
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：她看起来好像年轻了十岁。分析句子，此处为虚拟语气，她看起来年轻十岁与现在事实相反，主句用一般过去时，be动词都用were，故选C项。
6、It’s recommended that you __________ to bed on time.
A．goingB．goC．to goD．don’t go
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：建议你按时睡觉。句型It’s recommended that+虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选B。
7、On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department advised that the problems ________ paid special attention to.
A．referred to beingB．referred to beC．refer to beingD．refer to be
答案：B
解析：
考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：在艾滋病日，卫生部长建议提到的的这些问题都要被特别关注。分析句子可知，refer to作后置定语修饰the problems ，the problems和refer to是被动关系，要用过去分词形式；因为主句的谓语动词是advise，宾语从句用虚拟语气，符合（should）do sth.的结构，should可以省略，其后the problems和pay attention to是被动关系，be动词用原形。故选B项。
8、We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ________ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.
A．ShouldB．WereC．WouldD．May
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定，如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if,should提前，陈述语序是：if you should change your mind…。故选A。
9、---I went to see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic!
---You were so lucky! How I wish I _____ the ticket too.
A．getB．got
C．had gotD．would get
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：昨晚我去看了漫游的地球。真是太棒了！--你太幸运了！我多么希望自己也买到了票。根据句意可知，昨天没有买到票，这是虚拟语气，对过的虚拟，从句使用过去完成时，因此用had got。故选C。
小提示：
虚拟语气是高考考点之一，对于虚拟语气，首先要知道虚拟语气的的几种考查情况，if虚拟条件句，宾语从句，情态动词用于虚拟等。无论哪种情况的虚拟，时态是考点，考生必须准确把握时态。此小题主要考查的是虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用，考查对过去的虚拟。
10、It’s requested that a lecture ______ on this subject.
A．is givenB．should be givenC．will be givenD．has been given
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。故选B。
小提示：
后接虚拟语气的常见词
1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：
It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
Their decision was that the school remain closed.
3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。
11、An order came that all the army supply ________ to the front before daybreak.
A．be sent B．should sendC．were sentD．should have sent
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：在黎明前所有的军队补给必须送到前线的命令已经下达。order意为“命令”，that引导的从句作其同位语，从句的谓语动词用“（should +）动词原形”；根据句意可知应用被动语态，故选A项。
12、The professor demanded that all the essays ________ to him by Jan. 10th.
A．hand inB．be handed in
C．should hand inD．were handed in
答案：B
解析：
考查语态和虚拟语气。句意：教授要求所有的论文在1月10日前交上来。essays与hand in之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，demand后的宾语从句应该用should do的虚拟语气，should可以省略，故B项正确。
小提示：
注意在表示建议、要求、命令以及坚持等词后的宾语从句中要用should+动词的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。
13、Left to itself, the place ______________ into a prosperous civilized community．
A．was to growB．were to grow
C．should have grownD．would have grown
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果任其发展，这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句为隐含条件虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，所以主句用would/could/should/might + have done。would表示“将会”，should表示“应当”。故选D。
14、Don't you think it is time you ______ the plan?It is_______ the managers wanted to see________ soon.
A．set out discussing; that ;to be carried out
B．should set about discussing; that ; to carry out
C．should set out to discuss ;what; to be carried out
D．set about discussing, what; carried out
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气、连接词和非谓语动词。句意：你不认为该开始讨论这个计划了吗？这是经理们希望看到尽快实施的事情。第一空中It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。且短语set about doing sth.“开始做某事”，故第一空应填set about discussing；第二空为表语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指事情，故应用what；第三空分析句子结构可知carry out在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语plan构成被动关系，故用过去分词carried out。故选D。
小提示：
It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：
I think it's time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
I think it’s time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。
注：time前有时有about和high修饰：
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。
与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were。如：
It's time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
15、_____I had more money, I could buy a car.
A．Only ifB．If everC．If onlyD．Even if
答案：C
解析：
考查状语从句的从属连词。句意：要是我有更多钱就好了，我就可以买一辆车。A. Only if只有，除非；B. If ever如果曾经有；C. If only要是……就好了；D. Even if尽管。分析句子可知，此处是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，再结合句意可知，此处用if only“要是……就好了”符合语境和语法要求，故选C项。
16、He was in great trouble, but he behaved as if nothing_____
A．was happeningB．has happened
C．happenedD．had happened
答案：D
解析：
考查时态。句意：他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。此处as if“好像”，引导方式状语从句，是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态，故选D。
17、—How impressive China’s 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!
—Definitely. If only I ________ on the scene!
A．wasB．wereC．have beenD．had been
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——国庆70周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。——当然，要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟，用if only sb. had done sth.，故选D项。
小提示：
本题考查if only（要是……就好了）引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气，虚拟语气一般有三种情况：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如
If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。
If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。
18、He _____ his potential had it not been for his desire to meet new challenges.
A．would never have realizedB．would never realize
C．never realizedD．had never realized
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为他渴望迎接新的挑战，他就不会实现他的潜能。分析句子结构可知，本句考查if引导的条件句的虚拟，省略if倒装的情况，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词应用would have done；分析本句可知，空格处应为主句谓语部分且表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选A。
19、It is important that we ________ the window before we leave.
A．shall closeB．will closeC．must closeD．close
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气，符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构，从句的谓语动 词常用“should+动词原形”，且should的省略要看情况而定。句中表示建议的语气，should可以省略。故选D项。
20、He is always seeking excuses for the debt, but I'd rather he __________ it off as early as possible.
A．would payB．would have paidC．had paidD．paid
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是在为债务找借口，但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示过去的愿望用过去完成时，表示现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望，故用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D项。
21、But for the rescue team’s efforts, more lives ________ in the wreck accident.
A．would be claimedB．should have claimed
C．would have claimedD．could have been claimed
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是团队的努力，更多人的就会在这次失事事故中丧生。分析句子可知，句子为过去时态，更多人本会在失事事故中丧生，与过去事实相反，用情态动词could​+have done结构表示，又因为lives与claim之间存在逻辑是的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以填could have been claimed。故选D项。
22、Sam insisted that he______the law and______.
A．didn't break;mustn't be punishedB．doesn't break;shouldn't punish
C．hadn't broken;be not punishedD．hadn't broken;not be punished
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：Sam坚持说他没有违法，也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查insist用法，第一：当insist译为“坚持认为”，从句使用陈述语气，该句中insist使用一般过去时，故从句时态应为过去完成时（had+ done）；第二：当insist译为“坚持要求”，从句使用虚拟语气，结构为：主语+should+动词原形，should可以省略。该句第二个空中punish与Sam之间构成被动关系，故填should not be punished，should可省略。故选D项。
23、It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem.
A．makeB．madeC．to makeD．will make
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式It is time that后面的从句谓语用过去式或should+动词原形。故选B。
24、They demand that we ________ the task on time.
A．accomplishB．will accomplishC．accomplishedD．had accomplished
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求我们按时完成任务。动词demand作“要求”之意时，后接宾语从句，从句用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。故选A。
25、If you had enough money, what ________？
A．will you buyB．would you buy
C．would you have boughtD．will you have bought
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有足够的钱，你会买什么？此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用did(was用were)，主句用would/should/could+动词原形，故B项正确。
小提示：
非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是：表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+have done；表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形；表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用did(was用were)，should do或were to do，主句谓语动词用would/should/could+动词原形。
26、________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A．If it is notB．WereC．Had it not beenD．If they were not
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有那些免费的票，我不会去影院这么频繁。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，与过去事实相反，从句用“had+过去分词”，主句用“would+have+过去分词”。在虚拟语气的句子里，有时可以省略从句中的if，把动词be，助动词had等放在句首。故选C。
27、Many people _________ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.
A．would dieB．would have diedC．may dieD．may have died
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有青霉素，许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知，此句是一个虚拟语气，根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项，故选B。
28、—Did you hear Smith was to blame for his making such foolish mistakes?
—Yes, but a more careful person __________so many mistakes.
A．wouldn’t makeB．needn’t have made
C．shouldn’t makeD．wouldn’t have made
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。
句意：——你听说Smith因犯了愚蠢的错误而受到责备了吗?——听说了，但一个比较细心的人是不会犯这么多错误的。根据语境可知，这里表示对过去事实的虚拟，表示“本不会做某事”，故用＂wouldn’t have done＂。shouldn’t have done表示＂过去本不该做(实际却做了)＂；needn’t have done表示＂过去本没必要做(实际上却做了)＂。综上，故选D项。
29、They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.
A．areB．wereC．have beenD．had been
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：他们俩谈心之后，看上去都年轻了十岁。根据语境，as if引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，根据主句谓语动词look可知，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故选B。
30、As two cases of Omicro coronavirus variant have been detected, the British government has urged that anyone who has arrived from South Africa recently ________.
A．being testedB．was testedC．must be testedD．be tested
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：由于已发现两例奥米克罗冠状病毒变异病例，英国政府敦促最近从南非抵达的任何人接受检测。A. being tested正在被检测；B. was tested被检测；C. must be tested必须被检测；D. be tested被检测。分析句子，has urged后接that引导的宾语从句， urge表示“敦促”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，本句中test与主语anyone之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即（should）be tested。故选D项。
31、But for the belief that things better soon, many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.
A．had gotB．gotC．would getD．will get
答案：C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是相信情况很快就会好转，许多人就不可能挺过这段艰难的时期。But for是固定搭配，意为“要不是”，引导的短语或句子相当于一个虚拟条件句。根据主句部分many people couldn’t have survived the rough time.可知，此处是对过去情况的假设，but for引导的从句部分是真实情况，根据时间状语soon可知，此处用过去将来时。故选C项。
32、---Have you heard that Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday?
---Yes. Now they don’t say a single word to each other. It seems as if they ______ each other before.
A．didn’t knowB．don’t knowC．have never knownD．had never known
答案：D
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：——你听说昨天 Ben 和 Bill 打架了吗？——是的。现在他们一句话也不说了。他们好像之前从来不认识对方。as if “好像”，在引导从句时，即可表示对现在、过去时间的虚拟，也可表示对将来时间的虚拟，其后要用虚拟语气。当表示和过去事实相反时，从句用had +过去分词的虚拟语气。根据句中“Ben and Bill had a fight yesterday ”及下文“ before”，可知此处表示和过去事实相反，选项D与题意相符，故选D。
33、Pity that I missed the Women's Volleyball Match on Thursday. If only I ____ the ticket in advance!
A．bookedB．had bookedC．would bookD．have booked
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：错过了周四的女排比赛真是太可惜了，要是我早点订票就好了。根据句意可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故应用过去完成时。故选B
34、What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A．had they not come backB．have they come back
C．did they not come backD．did they come back
答案：A
解析：
考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had come back，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they had not come back”省略if，提前had，句子写成“had they not come back”。故选A项。
小提示：
if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。
35、If he ________ his teacher’s suggestion, he would have won the English Speech Contest.
A．had followedB．should follow
C．was to followD．followed
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他听从了老师的建议，他就会赢得英语演讲比赛了。根据“would have won”可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，故A项正确。
小提示：
注意在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示对现在的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用were），主句谓语形式为should/could/would+动词原形，如：If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they would be so healthy；表示对过去的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为should/could/would have+过去分词，如：If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the test；表示对将来的虚拟时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为should/could/would+动词原形，如：If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off。
36、She wouldn’t have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn’t intend to hurt her.
A．were she to knowB．had she known
C．did she knowD．should she have known
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她知道你并没有打算伤害她这一事实的话，她就不会勃然大怒。根据题中wouldn't have 和fact后的同位语从句的时态可知，这是对过去时间的虚拟。在if的非真实条件句中，对过去时间的虚拟从句谓语动词要用had done，省略连词if后，句子要用部分倒装，即had提前至从句主语之前。故选B项。
37、My advice is _______ he _____ to go abroad for further education.
A．that, choosesB．that, choseC．that, chooseD．what, should choose
答案：C
解析：
考查表语从句和虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是他应该选择出国深造。chooses选择；第一个设空处引导表语从句，从句不缺成份，应用只起连接作用的that；在advice后的表语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语构成是“should+动词原形”should可省略，故第二个设空处应为(should) choose。故选C。
38、He has loved me____I were his son.
A．becauseB．asC．ifD．as if
答案：D
解析：
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他爱我就像我是他的儿子一样。A. because因为，引导原因状语从句；B. as因为，当……时候，引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句；C. if如果，引导条件状语从句；D. as if好像，引导方式状语从句。根据空前后句意可知，空处需用as if或as though可引导方式状语从句,叙述一种明显不合现在事实的假设,需用虚拟语气,动词用过去式,如果是动词be,则用were。故选D。
39、I wish I ________ football game on TV last night, but I went to a friend's birthday party.
A．watchedB．had watchedC．would watchD．were watching
答案：B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我昨晚看了电视上的足球比赛，但是我去了一个朋友的生日聚会。分析可知，wish后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知该句是对过去发生事情的虚拟，结构为：wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词。故选B项。
40、The General commanded that all the soldiers ____ the news secret.
A．keepB．keptC．keepingD．to keep
答案：A
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句意：将军命令所有士兵把这个新闻保守秘密。co