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四川省部分中学2023高中英语必修一Unit3SportsandFitness重点知识归纳
1
单选题
1、He has made an important ______ to the company’s success.
A.contributionB.campaignC.championD.competition
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对公司的成功做出了贡献。A. contribution贡献;B. campaign活动;C. champion冠军;D. competition竞赛。根据句意可知,此处意为“对......做出贡献”,表达为make an contribution to...,故选A。
2、Don’t ______. You will adapt to ______ in the new city soon.
A.lose your heart; liveB.lose heart; live
C.lose your heart; livingD.lose heart; living
答案:D
考查动词短语辨析和非谓语动词。句意:别灰心。你很快就会适应新城市的生活。A. lose your heart; live爱上,生活;B. lose heart; live灰心,生活;C. lose your heart; living爱上,生活;D. lose heart; living灰心,生活。adapt to doing sth.表示“适应做某事”,所以第二空应用动名词形式作宾语,结合语意,你很快会适应新城市的生活,所以第一句表示“别灰心”,应用短语lose heart表示“灰心”。故选D项。
3、The stock lost 60 pence a share, ________ last year when it gained 21 pence.
A.instead ofB.in return for
C.in contrast toD.rather than
答案:C
考查固定短语辨析。句意:这只股票每股跌了60美分,和去年上涨21美分形成了对比。A.instead of代替;B.in return for作为回报;C.in contrast to与……形成对比;D.rather than而不是。根据句意可知,前后文的数字形成对比,故选C。
4、I recommend the government ________ Real Cine for urban planning since it is cheaper and practical, ________ the way most urban planning is done today.
A.uses; compared toB.use; compared with
C.use; comparing toD.uses; comparing with
答案:B
考查虚拟语气和非谓语。句意:我建议政府使用Real Cine来进行城市规划,因为它与今天大多数城市规划的方法相比更便宜,更实用。 recommend表建议,其后的宾语从句要用(should)+动词原形, should可省略,所以第一个空用use;分析句子结构可知,第二个空为非谓语动词作状语,和其逻辑主语it为被动关系,所以用过去分词,第二个空填compared with。故选B。
5、Alice had a wonderful time yesterday, ________?
A.hadn’t sheB.wasn’t sheC.didn’t sheD.wouldn’t she
答案:C
考查反义疑问句。句意:爱丽丝昨天过得很愉快,不是吗?分析句式结构可知,此处为反义疑问句,再根据上文had可知,时态为一般过去时,所以反义疑问句中应该用助动词did,再根据“前肯后否”的原则,所以反义疑问句中用didn’t+主语。故选C项。
6、Mr. Smith had an important meeting just now, ________?
A.did heB.had heC.didn’t heD.hadn’t he
答案:C
考查反意疑问句。句意:史密斯先生刚才有一个重要会议,是吗。根据实义动词had可知,该句为一般过去时,疑问部分应用助动词did,Mr. Smith用he代替;反意疑问句一般遵循前肯定则后否定,前否定则后肯定的原则,本句前文用了肯定形式,所以反问部分用否定形式。故选C项。
7、A drop of water and a little pity—— that is ________ I can repay with my life.
A.more thanB.less thanC.rather thanD.other than
答案:A
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:一滴水,一点点怜悯,我用我的生命也难以报答。(滴水之恩,我当涌泉相报)。A. more than多于,不止,胜过;B. less than少于;C. rather than而不是;D. other than除了。根据前后文句意可知,此处表达对方的恩情超过了用生命所可以报答的。故选A项。
8、The little Tom in the front seat _____ the toy tiger was real and giving it a voice.
A.is pretendingB.pretendedC.pretendingD.was pretending
答案:D
考查动词时态。句意:前座的小汤姆假装玩具老虎是真的,并给它说话。分析句子结构可知,the toy tiger was real 为省略了that的宾语从句,空处缺少谓语动词,排除C项,结合and后面的giving和“was”可知,使用过去进行时。故选D。
9、The student_________ in the exam was caught and was criticized seriously.
A.to cheatB.cheatingC.cheatedD.cheats
答案:B
考查现在分词。句意:那个在考试中作弊的学生被抓住了,受到了严重的批评。分析句子可知,句子已有谓语动词was,与该空之间无连词,故此处用非谓语动词作定语,student与cheat“作弊”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式作定语。故选B项。
10、______ you know who they are and what motivates them, think about the influencers in your organization.
A.Just asB.Even thoughC.In caseD.Now that
答案:D
考查连词词义辨析。句意:既然你知道他们是谁与如何激励他们。思索一下你组织中的摇摆不定的人。just as正如;even though即使;虽然;in case以防;now that既然。根据句意,前后文是因果关系,用now that引导原因状语从句。故选D。
11、A person who loses his family needs time to ________ his sorrow.
A.work outB.work onC.work asD.work through
答案:D
考查动词短语辨析。句意:一个失去家庭的人需要时间来抚平悲伤。A. work out解决,弄清楚。B. work on影响,对……起作用;C. work as担任;以……身份而工作;D. work through自我修复,抚平。根据句意可知,此处为动词短语work through“自我修复,抚平”,满足句意要求。故选D项。
12、The president must have received the result of medical research by the time the disease spread widely, _______?
A.hasn’t heB.mustn’t heC.hadn’t heD.didn’t he
答案:C
考查反意疑问句。句意:当疾病广泛传播时,总统一定已经收到了医学研究的结果,不是吗?当情态动词can/may/should/must等在句中表推测语气时,反意疑问部分应根据实义动词的实际发生时间来构成;此处动词receive发生在从句谓语动词spread之前,表示“过去的过去”(过去完成时had done),所以反意疑问部分用hadn’t he。故选C项。
13、Mike’s new camera was lost during his visit in Tibet, ________?
A.was itB.was heC.wasn’t itD.wasn’t he
答案:C
考查反义疑问句。句意:迈克的新相机在他访问西藏时丢失了,是吗?反意疑问句中,问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:肯定+否定?否定+肯定?本句前部是含有助动词be的肯定句,故后面用否定句式,主语Mike’s new camera用it替代,故选C项。
14、While ________ with his teammates, he hurt his leg.
A.competedB.competeC.competingD.to compete
答案:C
考查状语从句的省略。句意:在与队友比赛时,他伤了腿。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略从句中跟主句一致的主语和be动词,或者省略从句主语it和be动词。结合句意,分析子可知,“While ________ with his teammates”是时间状语从句,原句为“While he was competing with his teammates”,符合状语从句省略条件,省略he was后,保留现在分词competing。故选C项。
15、They were given nothing________ dry bread and water for their evening meal.
A.other thanB.rather thanC.more thanD.less than
答案:A
考查介词短语辨析。句意:除了干面包和水,他们晚上什么也没有吃。A. other than除了;B. rather than而不是;C. more than超过;D. less than少于。短语nothing other than表示“除……外没有别的”。故选A。
16、Sometimes it is the truth that hurts, ?
A.does itB.aren’t theyC.isn’t itD.don’t they
答案:C
考查反义疑问句。句意:有时候,真相会让人受伤,不是吗? 分析句意可知,此处为反义疑问句的附加疑问句部分,遵循“前肯后否”的原则,主语与前部分it保持一致,并且前面陈述句有be动词,疑问部分也应该为be动词,所以选项A为肯定式,不符合语法要求;选项B和D的主语为they,不符合语法要求;选项C为否定形式,且主语为it,动词为be动词,符合语法要求。故选C项。
17、—_____Mike is now 17, he is still like a little child.
—Well, that’s because he depends on his parents for almost everything.
A.Even thoughB.WhenC.UnlessD.If
答案:A
考查连词。句意:——尽管麦克现在17岁了,可是他仍然像个小孩。——是的,那是因为他什么事情都依赖父母。A. Even though尽管,即使;B. When当……的时候;C. Unless除非;D. If假如。由句意可知,前半句说的是麦克17岁了,后半句却说他还像个小孩。前后句是转折关系,所以用连词even though引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,即使”。故选A项。
18、Yang Liping is a famous dancer, whose dance aims to ________ the Dai women’s beauty.
A.bring outB.work outC.make outD.turn out
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析。句意:杨丽萍是一位著名的舞蹈家。她的舞蹈是为了展现傣族女性的美。A. bring out使显现;表现出;B. work out解决;C. make out看清;看明白;D. turn out结果是。由句中空格后的宾语“the Dai women’s beauty(傣族女性的美)”可知,舞蹈展现女性美语义搭配合适,故选A。
19、Ryan saw hundreds of delighted students who had ________ to welcome him.
A.turn outB.work outC.break outD.look out
答案:A
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:Ryan看到了数百名学生兴高采烈地欢迎他。A. turned out(以某种方式)发生,最后是,出来;B. work out计算出、解决;C. break out爆发;D.look out小心。根据句意可知,此处表达“最后孩子们高兴地出来欢迎他”。故选A项。
20、Delete the short message at once! Many a man ________by such tricks so far.
A.are cheatedB.is cheatedC.has been cheatedD.have been cheated
答案:C
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:立即删除这条短消息!到目前为止,许多人都被这种把戏欺骗了。四个选项均表示“被欺骗”,A. are cheated一般现在时的被动语态,谓语动词为复数;B. is cheated一般现在时的被动语态,谓语动词为单数;C. has been cheated现在完成时的被动语态,谓语动词为单数;D. have been cheated现在完成时的被动语态,谓语动词为复数。根据本句中的“so far”可知,本句应使用现在完成时,主语为“Many a man”,谓语动词需用单数形式,即has,且主语与动词cheat之间构成被动关系,所以要用被动语态。故选C。
完成句子
21、When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested.(when引导时间状语从句)
___________ Imelda, she gave him a sweet smile of thanks.
当他把饮料拿给艾梅尔达时,她甜美地向他微笑以示感谢。
答案:When he brought a drink to
考查when引导的时间状语从句。根据所给例句可知,它是when引导的时间状语从句,因此翻译“当他把饮料拿给艾梅尔达时”为“when…”。“他把饮料拿给艾梅尔达”使用一般过去时,可以翻译为:He brought a drink to Imelda.故填When he brought a drink to。
22、只有当你以积极的态度对待这个项目时,你才会享受整个过程。
Only when you________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
答案:have/take a positive attitude to/towards
考查固定短语。结合句意表示“以积极的态度对待”短语为have/take a positive attitude to/towards,此处主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时,主语为you,谓语用原形。故填have/take a positive attitude to/towards。
23、We do believe that we are __________________ the future.
我们的确相信未来掌握在我们自己的手中。
答案:the master of
考查固定短语。结合原文,分析句子可知,“未来掌握在我们自己的手中”是句中宾语从句,再根据给出译文部可知,应填入名词性结构作表语,可用“the master of...”,意为“……的主人”,译为“we are the master of the future.”。故填the master of。
24、两座房子相距500米。
The two houses stood ________.
答案:500 metres apart
考查名词和副词。根据句意可知,可数名词的复数500 metres表示“500米”,副词apart表示“相距”。故填500 metres apart。
25、我发现解出这道题很容易。我自己能做出来。
I found________the problem.I can do it by myself.
答案:it easy to work out
考查非谓语动词。分析句子,句中find it+形容词+to do sth为固定句型,意为“发现去做某事...”,该结构中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to do不定式。根据汉语提示,表示“解决”应该用work out;表示“容易的”应该用easy。故填it easy to work out。
26、说实话,被邀请在这里讲话是我的一种荣幸。
To be honest, ________ to have been invited to speak here.
答案:it’s an honour for me
考查固定句式。根据中文句意,分析句子可知,此处使用固定句式:it’s an honour for sb to do sth (做某事对某人来说是一种荣幸),根据句意,宾语用me,故填it’s an honour for me 。
27、即使我再一次失败,我也不会放弃实验。
____________________, I will not give up the experiment.
答案:Even though/if I fail again
考查让步状语从句。“即使”使用even though/if,引导让步状语从句,主句使用一般将来时,从句使用一般现在时表示将来,从句主语“我”I,“失败”使用动词fail,主语是I,动词使用原形形式作谓语,“再一次”again。故填Even though/if I fail again。
28、她放弃了自己的工作,加入丈夫的竞选中。
She _______ _______ her job to join her husband's election campaign.
答案: gave up
考查动词短语和时态。根据中英文提示,空格处缺少谓语“放弃”,用固定短语give up,根据句意描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故填gave up。
小提示:
29、I find it very hard __________________ a foreign language.
我感觉掌握一门外语很难。
答案:to master
考查固定句型和不定式。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“掌握”,为master,find it very hard to do sth.为固定句型,意为“发现做某事很困难”,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式to do sth.,因此空格处为不定式,即to master,故填to master。
30、尽管外面艳阳高照,我也分不清是早上还是夜晚。
________ ________ the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
答案: Even though
考查固定短语。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用固定短语even though“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。故填①Even;②though。
语法填空
31、A war _______(injure)has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:injury
考查名词。句意:一次战争伤使他的左手失去了功能,他经常入狱。 根据空格前冠词a和谓语动词has made单数形式,并结合提示词可知,应填入单数名词injury,构成名词词组“a war injury”,意为“战争的伤害”,作主语。故填injury。
32、Two players are out of the team because of ______(injure). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:injury
考查名词。句意:两名队员因受伤出队。分析句子成分可知,应该使用injure的名词injury在句中作宾语,它在这里不需要变复数。故填injury。
33、She _________(pretend) that she likes them so that she can get their help. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:pretends
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:她假装喜欢他们,这样她就能得到他们的帮助。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时态,句子的主语为She,是第三人称单数代词,此处pretend是主句谓语动词,需用单数形式。故填pretends。
34、You’d better take into account your own _________(strong)and weaknesses before choosing a major. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:strengths
考查名词复数。句意:在选择专业之前,你最好考虑一下自己的强项与弱项。分析句子,该空需要一个名词的复数形式和weaknesses并列作take的宾语,所给词strong为形容词,其名词形式为strength,其复数形式strengths符合题意。故填strengths。
35、The problem was psychological rather __________physiological. (用适当的词填空)
答案:than
考查介词。句意:问题是心理上的,而不是生理上的。rather than“而不是”,固定搭配。符合题意。故填than。
36、Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting ________ (stress) in their studies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:stressed
考查形容词。句意:现在,越来越多的中学生在学习上越来越焦虑不安。分析句子可知,“get”为系动词,后接形容词作表语,“stress”意为“压力”,名词词性,“students”指人,故应用“stressed”,意为“焦虑不安的”,形容词词性,修饰人。故填stressed。
37、We attended a dinner party ______(host)by the president of the company.(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:hosted
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们参加了由这家公司的总裁举办的晚宴。分析句子结构可知前已有谓语动词没有连接词,要用非谓语动词,party和host之间为被动关系,故使用过去分词作后置定语,故填hosted。
38、He is often seen_______(cheat) at cards. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to cheat
考查非谓语动词。句意:人们经常看到他打牌作弊。sb. be seen to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“某人被看到做了某事”,故填to cheat。
39、We shouldn't be discouraged after failure. Instead, we should keep trying with ________(determine). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:determination
考查名词。句意:失败后我们不应该灰心。相反,我们应该坚定地继续尝试。根据所给动词determine和空格前的介词with以及句意可知,空格处应该填入determine的名词形式determination作宾语。故填determination。
40、Here are some ideas to help people to give _________ smoking. (用适当的词填空)
答案:up
考查介词 。句意:这里有一些有助于人们戒烟的想法。短语give up表示“放弃”,故填up。
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