语法填空专项训练---代词.doc

语法填空专项训练---代词

代词在连续两年的广东高考语法填空中都有两个小题，占语法填空的五分之一。可见，代词在所有语法项目中占分的比例最大，是语法填空的重要内容。主要考点有：
考点1：人称代词
人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
考点2：物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语，但不能作定语。如：
考点3：反身代词
反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。
考点4：指示代词
指示词有this, that, these, those, such等。注意以下4点：
(1) this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。
(2) 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。
(3) 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。
(4) this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
考点5：疑问代词
疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose等。用法要点如下：
(1)what除可用来询问人的身份外，一般指物；which可指人也可指物；who, whom, whose一般指人。
(2)有一定范围时，用which，意为“(其中的)哪一个”，可接表范围的of短语；没有一定的范围时，用what，意为“什么”，不能接of短语。
考点6：表示两者或多者的不定代词

都
都不(一个也不)
任一
两者
both
neither
either
多者
all
none
any
注意：(1)表示完全否定可以说not…either/any，但没有either/any…not的说法。
(2)both/all与not连用是部分否定，意为“并非都”。
(3)none既可指人也可指物，可与of短语连用；而no one (=nobody)只能指人，也不能与of短语连用。
考点7：表示“另外的”不定代词

单数
复数
泛指
another
others
特指
the other
the others
说明
还可作定语
不能作定语
说明：表示“别的，另外的”还有：
(1)用于疑问词或复合不定代词后面的else，其所有格形式是else’s。
(2)既能指可数名词也可指不可数名词的the rest(其余的)。但上表中的代词只能代替可数名词。
考点8：表示“每一”的each和every
(1)each强调个别，而every则用来概括全体，与all相当。因此，与almost, nearly, without exception等连用时，可用every, 不能用each。
(2)each可指两者，而every则不能。
(3)each还可用作代词，而every只能用作形容词，且只能作定语。
(4)every可表示“每(隔)”，但each不能
考点9：表示“一些”的some和any
(1)any一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，或用于never, hardly, without, if/whether等词之后。
(2)some用于肯定句中，或用于建议、请求、邀请的疑问句中，或用于希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中，也用于表示反问的否定疑句中。如：
Would you like some more bananas?你再吃点香蕉吗？
考点10：复合不定代词
复合不定代词是指由every-, some-, any-, no- 与-thing, -one, -body等构成的不定代词。注意以下几个问题：
(1)复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。
(2)含-thing的，用it代替；含-body, -one的，一般用they代替，在正式文体中可用he。
(3)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要位于后面。如：something important重要的事。
(4)something, somebody/someone, anything还可作名词，意为“重要的事情(或人物)”。如：His wife is now somebody in television.他的妻子现在是电视界的大人物了。
考点11：替代词他it, that, those, one
(1)it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。
(2)只能替代可数名词的one和those。

单数
复数
泛指
one
(a+单数可数名词)
ones
(复数名词)
特指
the one=that
(the+单数可数名词)
the ones=those
(the+复数名词)
注：口语中，特别是当后面有of短语时，多用that或those；当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)。
We kept seats for those who might arrive late.我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones替代the persons)
The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall. 苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(that替代不可数名词the population，不能用the one)
考点12：it的用法
(1)替代前面提到的同一事物。
(2)替代前面整句话的内容。如：
When the factory closes, it will mean 500 workers will be out of work. 工厂一旦关闭, 那就意味着要有500工人失业。
(3)指动物、婴儿，或在情景中确认的某人。
(4)指时间、距离、气候、环境等。
(5)作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
(6)用于it is…that…强调结构中。
解题技巧
分析句子结构，若句子缺少主语，或者及物动词或介词后缺宾语，就可能是填代词。然后再根据各个代词的意义与用法的不同，选出符合语境的某一个代词填空。
有的不定代词，如another, the other, many, much, either, neither, both, any, all, each等还可以在名词前作定语。若名词前缺少定语时，根据意义和用法，以及主谓一致等，填入一个恰当的代词。
例1]I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused___36___. But she refused. (广东)
思路分析：因(that) I had caused是定语从句，先行词是trouble, 代表先行词trouble的关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了；由搭配cause sb. trouble (给某人造成麻烦) 可知，填her作擦caused的宾语。
[例2]It is said that a short tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) was very anxious to hope ____33____rice crop growing up quickly…One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. (广东)
思路分析：因crop是单数可数名词，前面必定是填限定词；由下文pluck up all of his crop a few inches可知，这个急性子人是急于希望“他的”禾苗长得快。故填形容词性物主代词his。
[例3]Tom felt that he knew everybody’s
business better than they knew it______. (全国)
思路分析：能与they相呼应，并作they的同位语的，填反身代词themselves。

一、单句填空：用适当的代词填空或者根据汉语提示填空。
1. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _______couldn’t spare me even one minute. (重庆)
2. To save class time, our teacher has _______ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. (湖南)
3. My grandma still treats me like a child. She can’t imagine _______ grown up. (重庆)
4. The boy promised ______mother never to lie to ______again. (全国)
５. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _______. (全国)
６. Is her hair shorter than ________(我的)?(全国)
７. Our neighbours gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt _______ when it fell from its nest. (湖南)
8. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ______ after an injury? (江西)
9. My daughter often makes a schedule to get __________ reminded of what she is to do in the day. (上海)
10. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it__________. (全国)
11.The mother didn’t know _______to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (全国)
12. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind ___________to buy. (全国)
13. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __________ of the parents spoke the language. (北京)
14.To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or ______. (天津)
15. I had to buy ______these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. (上海)
16. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _______. (浙江)
17. It is easy to do the repair. ______you need is a hammer and some nails. (天津)
18. I'd been expecting ________letters the whole morning, but there weren't ________for me. (全国)
19. These plants are watered ________ other day. (全国)
20. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in England. (全国)
21. My most famous relative of all, the ______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (江苏)
22. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have ____________one this month. (天津)
23. Both sides have accused the __________ of breaking the contract. (上海)
24. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but ________like to go to the cinema. (全国)
25. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for____________ two weeks.(上海)
26. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from everyone _______.(湖北)
27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ___________ before you leave. (山东)
28. The book is of great value. __________ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (福建)
29. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ______________ left in the house. (重庆)
30. We haven’t enough books for ____________; some of you will have to share. (全国)
31. I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To __________ else, it was hard to make out. (上海)
32. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江) 
33. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _______her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (湖南)
34. I’d appreciate ________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东)
35. I just wonder what ________is that makes him so excited. (山东)
36. He doesn’t have _______ furniture in his room—just an old desk. (陕西)
37. The school’s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two _______ on the weekend. (安徽)
38. He has made a lot of films, but _______ good ones. (北京)
39. Although he's wealthy, he spends ______
on clothes. (全国)
二、语篇模拟：用适当的代词填空。
One day, as Zeng Zi's wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with [1]______.“Stay home,” the mother said to him. “When[2]______return, we’ll kill a pig for [3]______ dinner!“
When she came back, [4]______ found Zeng Zi preparing to slaughter a pig for the child’s meal. She hurried over to stop [5]______: “What are you doing? You’re not really going to kill a pig, are you? I was just kidding him!”
“How can [6]______ lie to children?” Zeng Zi replied. “[7]______ learn each and [8]______ movement from [9]______ parents. If [10]______ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Zeng Zi killed the pig.“How can [6]______ lie to children?” Zeng Zi replied. “[7]______ learn each and [8]______ movement from [9]______ parents. If [10]______ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Zeng Zi killed the pig.