高二英语选修6unit5语法讲解配有答案.pdf

高二英语选修六unit5 知识点复习与巩固一Summing up&Checking yourself:a)Phrases 1._ 一次火山爆发2._活火山3._ 把和进行比较_把比作 4._ 设想做某事5._冒险_.冒险做某事6._碰到、遇到某人7._使某人/自己激动8._保护 免遭 9._ 被警告（不要）去做某事_警告某人有危险10._ 把搬离 11._ 全部焚毁12._ 多得多，多很多13._第一次看见 14._ 睡得很熟15._ 正要做某事 就在这时 16._ 亮如白昼17._在远处（大范围的）_(有间隔的)在远处（的具体某地）18._在山的一边19._ 近距离的观看(某物)20._陷入恐慌（状态）_陷入恐慌（动作）21._ 前往.22._爬进 23._ 对怀着热情24._ 对感到惊讶25._使某人大吃一惊26._努力做某事27._ 失业28._ 天上的湖（天池）29._茂密的森林30._自然保护区31._ 由到不等32._多种多样33._ 沐浴34._.生小孩35._ 匆匆看一遍36._ 对某人/某物厌烦37._取消和某人的约会b)Sentences 1.Haveyoueverconsidered_?你有没有想过，与火山、飓风和地震比起来，人类是多么软弱？2._,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast it will flow.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。3.I _,when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。4._,I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.我现在已经从事火山研究20多年了，但我仍然惊羡于它们的美丽以及它们潜在的巨大破坏性。5.The height of the land _.and is home to a great diversity of plants and animals.这里地面的高度由海拔700 米到 2，000 米不等，是多种多样动植物的生长地。6.It is said that the boy,_,is the father of Manchu.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。7_(与相比之下)most woman,she was indeed very fortunate.8.I ll _（努力）to arrive on time.9.He _（匆匆看一遍）the list and chose one immediately.10.With these words,the speaker _（前往）towards the exit of the hall.二.Learning tip 分词做状语（单元语法讲解）分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一，分为两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的形式是“动词原形+ing”;规则的过去分词在动词原形后加“ed”。分词也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语宾语等。分词的否定式在分词前加not(例如：not whishing,not having received).分词做状语时表示的动作是主语的一部分，与谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语的动作发生。分词做状语一般于其他成分用逗号分开。分词可以做时间，原因，方式，条件，结果，目的，让步等状语。由于该语法对高中生做题过程中易出错，特此提出一些做题思路，以备同学们参考：分词（do）形式含义现在分词doing 主动，进行being done 被动，进行having done 主动，完成having been done 被动，完成过去分词done 1.被动 2.完成 3 被动，完成1 题型结构：_，S+V+O.（多把表时间，原因，条件，目的状语等放句前）S+V+O,_.（表结果，伴随的状语等放句后）逗号前后没有连词连接（and,but,when,as,where,however,等），就构成了非谓语做状语的基本前提，现在分词的主动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种主谓关系（），现在分词的被动式主要是与句中主语逻辑上的一种动宾关系；现在分词的进行式是指分词所表示的动作（或状态）与句中动作同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式是指分词所表示的动作（或状态）一定先于句中谓语动作发生。Eg.1.Seeing from the hilltop,he was delighted to see a wonderful view.主动关系同时关系此句中，逗号前后无连词连接故不能同时出现两个简单句，see 逻辑主语是he,他们之间是一种主谓关系（主动），see 动作与 be delighted to see 几乎是同时性（同时），因此 seeing(主动，进行)符合要求，相当与一个时间状语从句：when he saw from the hilltop,he was delighted to see a wonderful view。2.Seen from the hilltop,the valley looked like a wonderland.(从山顶上看去，峡谷宛若仙境。)在本句中，see与 the valley 构成了逻辑上的动宾关系即可理解为“峡谷”是被看的，而峡谷的美（宛若仙境）是本身存在的事实，因此用过去分词强调see与主语 the valley的被动关系即可。3.Seen from the pagoda,the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.从这个塔上远眺，紫金山南麓是树的海洋。4.Having written an important letter,I listened to the music for a while.此句中 write 与 I 是逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），write 动作先于句中listen to the music的动作，故用having written(主动，完成)作状语。5Having been written in haste,the essay was not worth reading.此句中 the essay 与 write 是被动关系，write 动作先于be worth reading 之前是同时强调被动完成，所以选用Having been written(被动，完成)，该分词表原因。为了使同学们更好地理解，特分类如下：1)作时间状语时相当与when 引导的时间状语从句。这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分,也可至于句子后面，若两个动作同时发生，可在分词前用 when 或 while 表示强调。Eg.Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.(When they heard the news,they)When leaving the airport,they waved again and again to us.Having finished his homework,he watched TV for a while.2)作原因状语相当于as,since,because 引导的从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。Eg:Being a layman in matters of culture,I would like to study them.(As I am a layman in matters of culture,I would like to study them.)The doctor,not wanting to make the patient nervous,did not explain the seriousness of his illness.3)作条件状语相当于if,unless 等引导的从句这类状语一般放在句子的前半部分。Eg:Turning to the right,you will find a path leading to his cottage.(If you turn to the right,you)United we stand,divided we fall.团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。4）作让步状语相当于though,even if 等引导的从句。表示让步的状语要放句前，一般不可放在句尾，但前有连词时例外。Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasn t tried her best.(A though I admit what she has said,I still think )尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。Granting his honesty,we still can t employ him.就算他是诚实的，我们也不能雇佣他。4)作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句，通常放句后。He walked down the hill,singing softly to himself.(He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.)Kneeling and shutting her eyes,she prayed to the goddess.She stood by the window watching the sunsets.The boy run home,crying 5)作结果状语相当于so that 引导的从句。这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，长可以译为“于是，所以，或因此”等。这种分词的逻辑主语即可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子，如果逻辑主语是前边的整个句子，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。Eg:The old scientist died all of a sudden,leaving the project unfinished.He turned off the lamp,(thereby)seeing nothing.The output of steel increased by 15%last year,reaching 30,000 tons.以上是我们对分词做状语简单了解，但在具体作题中会碰到很多问题，如何准确判断，总结如下：1）有一类题，和分词做状语结构相似，但他是一种独立成分做状语，无需考虑逻辑主语的主被动关系，动作的完成或同时，所以称之为独立成分，请牢记以下内容：According to(根据)Judging from/by (由判断)Considering(鉴于)Provided/providing that（如果）Compared to/with (与相比较)Supposing that(假设，如果)Generally speaking一般说来Frankly speaking 坦白地说Properly speaking正确的说来To tell you the truth 说实话Takinginto consideration 考虑到Seeing考虑到Saving除了，除非Assuming 假使Admitting 虽说，即使Given如果Eg:Given another chance,I ll do it better.Given time,he ll make a first class writer.(2003,北京，28)Judging from his accent,he is from the north.Considering your age,you d better live with your son.Generally speaking,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.2)另一类题是由be+p.p.+prep+n/pron/v-ing，要么是被动语态，要么是表一种状态，此结构，一般情况去be 后，可把分词直接用做状语。be satisfied with be excited about be pleased with be surprised at be married to be engaged to be accepted by be followed by be faced with be driven by be interested in be lost in thought be used to/as/for be armed with be surrounded by be born in be dressed in eg:be filled with be covered with/by 练一练：A.作时间状语：eg.)_(hear)the bad news,they couldn t help crying.=_,they couldn t help crying.When/While(_ _)_(take)around the city,we were deeply impressed by the city s new look.While/When(I was)_(wander)through the square,I caught sight of a snake-charmer._(finish)his work,he went home.B.作原因状语：Eg.)_(be poor),he could not afford to travel abroad._(encourage)by his heroic deeds,they worked harder._(lose)in thought,he almost ran into a post._(frighten)by the big forest fire,the animals all ran away._(not know)her address,we couldn t get in touch with her._(never be)to the city,he soon got lost._(not receive)his letter,I decided to call him up.C.方式/伴随状语;Eg.)1.The teacher stood there,_(surround)by a lot of students.1 surrounded D.作条件状语：Eg.)_(give)another chance,I would have done the job far better.=_,I would have done the job far better.E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)Eg.)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别:不定式表示意外的结果eg.)He hurried to the station,only _(find)the train had left.分词作状语时,需注意事项:A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_:_(see)from the hill,the city is beautiful._(see)from the hill,you can see the whole city.A 句中主语，seen,seeing 高考链接：（2007，浙江，20）_ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green house.A Driven B.Being driven C.To drive D.Having driven。2.（2004 北京29）_in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had his wallet at home.A To wait B have waited C Having waited D To have waited 三 Reading for funMr.Briggs got a job with an insurance company(保险公司)after he left school and went around visiting people in their homes to sell them life insurance.One day,after he had been working for the company for about a year,the insurance manager sent for him and said,“Mr.Briggs,I have been looking at your record as a salesman with our company,and there is one thing that surprises me about it.Why have you been selling insurance only to people over 95 years old,and why have you been giving them such generous（宽厚的）conditions?You ll ruin our company if you go on like that.”“Oh,no,sir,”answered Mr.Briggs at once,“Before I started work,I looked at the figures(数字)for deaths in this country during the past ten years,and I can tell you that few people die at the age of 95.”Keys:一 phrases 1.a volcano erupting 2.an active/a live volcano pare with compare to 4.imagine doing sth.5.take risks/a risk risk doing sth.6.meet with sb.7.excite sb./oneself 8.protect sb./sth.from9.be warned(not)to do sth.warn sb.of danger 10.move sth.out of the way 11.burn to the ground 12.far more(=much more)13.the first sight of14.be fast asleep 15.be about to do sth.when16.as bright as day 17.in the distance）at a/some distance）18.in the side of the mountain 19.have a much closer look(at sth.)20.be in a panic get into a panic 21.make one s way to 22.climb down into23.be enthusiastic about24.be amazed at 25.take sb.by surprise 26.make an effort to do sth.27.be out of work 28.(the)Lake of Heaven 29.thick forest 30.nature reserve 31.vary from to 32.a great diversity of 33.take a bath 34.give birth to sb.35.glance through 36.be bored with sb./sth.37.cancel one s appointment with sb.二1.how weak humans are compared with a volcano,hurricane or earthquake？2.Having collected and evaluated the information,3.was about to go back to sleep 4.Having studied volcanoes now for more than twenty years,5.varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres 6.who had a great gift for language and persuasion,7.Compared with 8.make an effort 9.glanced through 10.made his way Keys:练一练：A.作时间状语：1Hearing,When they heard the bad news,2.we were taken,wandering.3.Having finished,B.作原因状语：1.Being poor,Encouraged,Lost,Frightened Not knowing,2.Never being,Nhaving received C.方式/伴随状语;1 surrounded D.作条件状语：1.Given,If I was given another chance E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)1.shootingt,2 causing.to find 分词作状语时,需注意事项:A 句中主语，Seen,Seeing 高考链接：1 句意：由于受到更大蔬菜量需求的推动，农民修建了更多的温室。根据 by，判断是 be+p.p.+prep.结构表被动，排除C 和 D，根据后边的完成时态，驱动力已经有了，不是正在推动，故选 A。2 先排除 B，B 项只能做谓语动词而，wait 与 Tom 是逻辑上的主谓关系（即主动），而排队很久后才发现没带钱包，所以wait 动作先发