一般过去时讲义.doc

(完整版)一般过去时讲义一、一般过去时表示的概念及用法：1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday， last night, in 1990， two days ago等。如：I got up at 6：30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。【动作】She was at home last night。. 她昨天晚上在家。【状态】He suddenly fell ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。We didnt have classes yesterday。昨天我们没有上课。2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often， always，sometimes ，once a week等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他一直乘公共汽车上班。She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school。她上学时每个月去看一场电影。When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.我在乡下时经常在河边散步.二、一般过去时的结构: 含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构：主语+was/were+表语【常用的四种结构】1、肯定句:主语+was/were+表语。例如：His father was very busy last week。 他父亲上周很忙。They were at home last night.。 他们昨天晚上在家。2、否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语.例如：His father was not very busy last week. 他父亲上周不是很忙。They were not at home last night。 他们昨天晚上不在家.3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语？例如：Was his father very busy last week? 他父亲上周很忙吗?Were they at home last night？ 他们昨天晚上在家吗？4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？例如：How was his father last week? 他父亲上周怎么样？Where were they last night？ 他们昨天晚上在哪？【注意】：主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，用was,其它人称一律用were。变成否定句时，只需在was/were后直接加not就行了。变成一般疑问句时，只需把was/were提到主语前面即可.变成特殊疑问句时,一般是特殊疑问词后加一般疑问句，如果特殊疑问词是who，不用改变原句的语序.如：His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）How was his father last week？ （先选特殊疑问词how，然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把His father was last week变成was his father last week）His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）Who was very busy week?(只需用特殊疑问词who替换掉原句中的主语his father即可，不必考虑其它方面。）含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：主语+动词的过去式+其它【常用的四种结构】1、肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其它。例如：He played basketball yesterday。他昨天打篮球。I got up at 6：30 yesterday. 我昨天6：30起床。2、否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。【did not缩写为didnt】例如：He didnt play basketball yesterday。他昨天没打篮球。I didnt get up at 6:30 yesterday。 我昨天6:30没起床。3、一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？例如：Did he play basketball yesterday ?他昨天打篮球了吗？Did you get up at 6:30 yesterday ？你昨天6:30起床是吗？4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？例如：What did he play yesterday ？他昨天玩的是什么？What time did you get up yesterday ？你昨天几点起床？三、一般过去时的判断标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday ， last week/month/year ， two days/months/years ago ， just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 ， this morning/afternoon/evening , today, this week, and so on.具体可归纳为四种时间状语yesterday及相关短语。例如：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上.“last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。例如:last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。“一段时间+ago组成的短语。例如：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。“介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语.例如：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。 （三).不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆,下面是一些常见的过去时.am/iswas arewere do-did say-said eatate see-saw go-went make-made runran taketook teachtaught tell-told write-wrote putput buybought bringbrought come-came sitsat knowknew getgot catchcaught becomebecame beginbegan have/has-had hear-heard meetmet wear-wore put-put read-read catch-caught cut-cut fallfell feelfelt set-set let-let swimswam send-sent teach-taught keep-pept drink-drank speakspoke standstood sleep-slept givegave forget-foegot五、一般过去时常用句式转换：1、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。(变成否定句）He didnt play basketball on the playground yesterday。2、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。变成一般疑问句Did he play basketball on the playground yesterday.3、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问What did he play on the playground yesterday？4、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问Where did he play basketball yesterday？5、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问When did he play basketball on the playground?6、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问What did he do on the playground yesterday？7、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问Who played basketball on the playground yesterday？【提问句子主语最简单：只需用特殊疑问词who换掉原句中的主语即可。】