一般过去时讲义.doc

(完整版)一般过去时讲义
一、一般过去时表示的概念及用法：
1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday， last night, in 1990， two days ago等。
如：I got up at 6：30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。【动作】
She was at home last night。. 她昨天晚上在家。【状态】
He suddenly fell ill last night.  他昨晚突然病倒了。
We didn't have classes yesterday。  昨天我们没有上课。
2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often， always，sometimes ，once a week等表示频度的时间状语连用。
如：He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他一直乘公共汽车上班。
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school。
她上学时每个月去看一场电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
我在乡下时经常在河边散步.
二、一般过去时的结构:
㈠ 含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构：
主语+was/were+表语

【常用的四种结构】
1、肯定句:主语+was/were+表语。
例如：His father was very busy last week。 他父亲上周很忙。
They were at home last night.。 他们昨天晚上在家。
2、否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语.
例如：His father was not very busy last week. 他父亲上周不是很忙。
They were not at home last night。 他们昨天晚上不在家.
3、一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语？
例如：Was his father very busy last week? 他父亲上周很忙吗?
Were they at home last night？ 他们昨天晚上在家吗？
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？
例如：How was his father last week? 他父亲上周怎么样？
Where were they last night？ 他们昨天晚上在哪？
【注意】：
①主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，用was,其它人称一律用were。
②变成否定句时，只需在was/were后直接加not就行了。
③变成一般疑问句时，只需把was/were提到主语前面即可.
④变成特殊疑问句时,一般是特殊疑问词后加一般疑问句，如果特殊疑问词是who，不用改变原句的语序.
如：His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）
→How was his father last week？ （先选特殊疑问词how，然后把剩下的部分变成一般疑问句语序，即把His father was last week变成was his father last week）
His father was very busy last week.（画线提问）
→Who was very busy week?(只需用特殊疑问词who替换掉原句中的主语his father即可，不必考虑其它方面。）
㈡含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构：
主语+动词的过去式+其它

【常用的四种结构】
1、肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其它。
例如：He played basketball yesterday。他昨天打篮球。
I got up at 6：30 yesterday. 我昨天6：30起床。
2、否定句：主语+did+not+动词原形+其它。【did not缩写为didn’t】
例如：He didn’t play basketball yesterday。他昨天没打篮球。
I didn’t get up at 6:30 yesterday。 我昨天6:30没起床。
3、一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
例如：Did he play basketball yesterday ?他昨天打篮球了吗？
Did you get up at 6:30 yesterday ？你昨天6:30起床是吗？
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？
例如：What did he play yesterday ？他昨天玩的是什么？
What time did you get up yesterday ？你昨天几点起床？
三、一般过去时的判断标志词：
yesterday, the day before yesterday ， last week/month/year ， two days/months/years ago ， just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 ， this morning/afternoon/evening , today, this week, and so on.
具体可归纳为四种时间状语
① yesterday及相关短语。
例如：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上.
② “last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。
例如:last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。
③ “一段时间+ago"组成的短语。
例如：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。
④ “介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语.
例如：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。
（三).不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆,下面是一些常见的过去时.
am/is—was are—were do-did say-said eat—ate see-saw go-went make-made run—ran take—took teach—taught tell-told write-wrote put—put buy—bought bring—brought come-came sit—sat know—knew get—got catch—caught become—became begin—began have/has-had hear-heard meet—met wear-wore put-put read-read catch-caught cut-cut fall—fell feel—felt set-set let-let swim—swam send-sent teach-taught keep-pept drink-drank
speak—spoke stand—stood sleep-slept give—gave forget-foegot
五、一般过去时常用句式转换：
1、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。(变成否定句）
→He didn’t play basketball on the playground yesterday。
2、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。变成一般疑问句
→Did he play basketball on the playground yesterday.
3、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问
→What did he play on the playground yesterday？
4、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问
→Where did he play basketball yesterday？
5、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问
→When did he play basketball on the playground?
6、He played basketball on the playground yesterday。画线提问
→What did he do on the playground yesterday？
7、He played basketball on the playground yesterday.画线提问
→Who played basketball on the playground yesterday？
【提问句子主语最简单：只需用特殊疑问词who换掉原句中的主语即可。】