人教版高一英语必修一unit1词汇解析和练习题.doc

unit 1 friendship词汇讲解1、survey n.调查，概述； v. 测量，检查； surveyor n. 测量员，检察员(1). make a survey of sth. 调查(2). survey sth. 调查，评述，检查 survey the equipment 检查设备 Eg:a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan. 最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划。 b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami. 州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况。2、add v. 增加，增添addition n. 附加物 additional adj. 附加的add up sth 把加起来add sth to sth 把加到add to sth = increase 增加了。相当于increase 或raise.add up to 合计；总共add in 包括;算进in addition to 除之外e.g. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。 The bad weather added to our difficulty. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。 He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它补充说他对会谈很满意。e.g. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。point n. 要点，尖端，含义；v. 指出 pointless adj. 无意义的，无益的(1). come to the point of 到了地步to the point of 达到的程度be on the point of doing 正要做There is no point in 没必要/没意义做boiling point 沸点. point at 指向非善意地用手指某人 point to指向表示指针指向、证据表明、建筑物的朝向等 e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。（3）. point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事 point out that指出 point sth to/at sb. 把对着某人 e.g. a. The point is that you shouldnt have to wait so long to see a doctor. 关键是看病不应等那么久。 b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指着那所房子原来所在的地方。upset v. 使不安，打乱 adj. 心烦意乱的 (1). upset sb. 使某人不安 upset the plan 搅乱了计划 upset the cup 打翻了杯子 It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做使某人不快。(2). be upset about 对赶到心烦e.g.a. His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲。 b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多难受。近义词辨析(1). upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱。(2). nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉。(3). anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安。5、concern n. 担心，关心，关系； v. 涉及，有关concerned adj. 有关的；担心的(1). show/express concern about/ for 对表示关心/担心 have concern with 和有关系with concern 关切地(2). concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心 concern oneself with 从事，参与 concern sb./ sth 与有关（3）.be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念 as/so far as be concerned 就而言e.g. As far as Im concerned, the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧。Dont be involved in what doesnt concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事。cheat v. 欺骗,作弊 n. 骗子, 作弊者 cheat sb. (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 cheat sb. into doing sth 骗某人做 cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓 eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺骗税务员. eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 这两个骗子支起两架织布机.7、 series n. 一系列,连续serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说a series of 一连串的, 一系列的a TV series 一部电视连续剧in series 连续,一系列地e.g. a series of accidents 一连串事故 a series of articles 一系列文章There has been a series of accidents at the crossing. 在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故.8 、nature n.大自然, 自然界，本性,性情，性质, 种类the law of nature 自然法则the balance of nature 生态平衡the beauty of nature 大自然之美 human nature 人性by nature 天生地against nature 违反自然地in a state of nature 处于未开化的状态a man of gentle nature 性情温和的人be different in nature 性质不同its natural that = its natural for sb. to do sth 做是当然的e.g. Its natural that we should carry out the plan. = it s natural for us to carry out the plan.这个计划是当然的.9、powder n. 能量,力量,权力powerful adj. 强有力的powerless adj. 无力的,无权的eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of power. 搬运这件行李需要很大的力气.under ones own power 凭借自身的力量have the power to do sth 具有的能力beyond/ out of ones power 力所不能及的suffer v. 遭受,忍受suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难sufferer n. 受难者, 患者suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒suffer for sth. 为而受苦eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受严重破坏.purpose n. 目的,意图purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的purposeless adj. 无目的的purposely adv. 特意地,故意地on purpose 故意地for the purpose of 为了的目的with the purpose of 抱着的目的ones purpose in doing sth . 某人做的目的eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?advice n. 劝告,建议advise v. 建议 adviser / advisor n. 建议者,顾问give / offer sb. some advice on 就给某人提建议ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意见follow / take ones advice接受某人的建议 on / upon ones adcice 听某人的劝告advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建议某人不要做advise doing sth 建议做advise that 建议advise sb. on 向某人提.建议eg. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议.13、effort n. 努力 effortless adj. 不费力的make an effort to do 努力做= make every effort to do = make grat efforts to dowithout effort 毫不费力地eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作.14、habit n. 习惯,习性 develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 养成的习惯 fall / get into the habit of 染上的习惯 be in the habit of = have the habit of 有的习惯 get sb. into the habit of 使某人养成.的习惯 get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除.的习惯 eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改变饮食习惯.课文短语:go through 通过;经受; 仔细检查; 完成get through 完成, 通过look through 浏览The new law has gone through. 新的法律已经通过了.The teacher went through all the students homework. 老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.2. hide away 躲避,隐蔽eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week. 小偷在树林里隐藏了一周.set down 记下， 放下,认为,归因于set down (doing) sth 着手(做)某事set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off 动身,引爆set up 竖起,创设,开办注: 表示” 记下, 写下” 时set down = put down = write down = get downeg. a. Set down his name and address. 记下他的名字和地址.b.He set down the book on the table . 他把书放在桌上.c. I set the man down as a soldier. 我以为那人是个士兵.d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.4. do with 处理,与. 有关have sth. to do with 与有关have nothing to do with 与无关have much / a lot of to do with 与有很大关系What to do with his camel how to deal with his camel do without 没有也行eg. If theres none left well have to do without. 如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了。He didnt kow what to do with his camel. 他不知如何处置他的骆驼.5.face to face( with)面对面地heart to heart 心贴心地,坦诚地shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地hand in hand手拉手地arm in arm臂挽臂地side by side 并排地back to back 背靠背地from door to door 挨门挨户地from mouth to mouth 口口相传地from left to right 从左到右地from generation to generation 一代一代地from head to foot 从头到脚from time to time 不时地同步练习一、单词拼写：1、She was really u_ about the way her father treated her.2、All the people are c_ about the growth of the younger generation.3、Shes h_ my book away somewhere.4、My summer vocation was completely spoiled by a_ of wet days .5、Its against n_ for a mother to hurt her child.6、He came here on p_ to discuss it with you.7、Design a_ to find out what kind of friends your classmates are.8、I want your a_ on this work.9It is a little difficult to c_ someone down when he or she is excited.10、10He was caught c_ in the exam.11、C_ with other countries was difficult during the war.12、He formed the h_ of getting up early.13、List what a good friend should do and _ the list with your partners.(分享)14、Arrange the exhibits_ to size.(根据)15、Hes_ from loss of memory.(患有)16、Why dont you _your idea _on paper?(写下)17、He _his English study(有困难)18、She _a foreigner.(爱上)19、_to change the situation.(努力)20、_snow can cause trouble.(过多) 五、完型填空Surfing: Its Not Just for Boys AnymoreIf you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I am one of the few girls who would 41 : surfing(冲浪运动). But isnt that a boy thing? Some people 42 . Most certainly not.I started surfing about five years ago and 43 in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding the first 44 was the best feeling I had ever experienced.When I try to 45 surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my 46 , theres nothing like it. It involves(牵涉到) body and 47 . Theres sand between my toes and cool, salt 48 all around us. The feeling I get when Im surfing 49 that water, becoming one with the 50 , is like Im weightless.The one thing I can 51 from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge. You can never be the best surfer because the ocean 52 too many kinds of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing styles are wonderful. Some surfers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive(活跃有力的) and 53 . All of these things attract me to surfing and make it 54 from any other sport.Ive 55 to tell every girl I know to do something that people dont think girls can do. Its part of being human to advance to new 56 , so shouldnt it be expected that girls should step up and start 57 the limits of things boys and men used to dominate(主宰)?Therere women 58 side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys 59 the football team or out in the water surfing? Give girls a chance to 60 , and they will.41. A. tell B. answer C. give D. realize42. A. think B. understand C. reply D. believe43. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell44. A. wave B. storm C. sail D. boat45A. bring B. connect C. compare D. tie46. A. work B. study C. holiday D. life47. A. mind B. effort C. health D. time48. A. beach B. ocean C. water D. coast49. A. through B. across C. over D. above50. A. sky B. world C. earth D. ocean51. A. take B. get C. make D. keep52. A. catches . includes C. offers D. collects53. A. exciting B. great C. hard D. calm54.A. known B. right C. far D. different55.A. chosen B. tried C. managed D. promised56. A. levels B. points C. steps D. parts57. A. reaching B. accepting C. pushing D. setting58.A. sitting B. walking C. fighting D. working59. A. of B. from C. on D. with60. A. think B. succeed C. perform D. feel 六、阅读理解AThe old shoes had brought him so much trouble that Johnny decided to throw them away. He went to the rubbish pit (垃圾坑)outside the city and threw the old shoes into the pit. Now they can bring me no more trouble, he said. He returned home, lay down in his bed and slept. But he had a dog, and the dog was used to going to the rubbish pit to look for food, because Johnny never bought food for his dog. The dog, who loved its master (主人) even though it was not given food, saw the shoes in the pit and knew they were its masters. So the dog took one of the heavy shoes in its mouth and went slowly back with it, and left it at its masters bedside. Then the dog fetched the other shoe in the same way. When Johnny woke up, he saw the shoes by his bed and he was afraid. There, shoes can walk by themselves, they must be done away with. he thought. Then he made a large fire in front of his house and put the shoes on it. Just then a strong wind was blowing and before long the fire made the house begin burning. His neighbours immediately came but could do nothing. The house burnt down but the old shoes were saved by the dog again.61. Johnny didnt fall asleep until _ . A. he had brought the old shoes home B. he had thrown the shoes away and returned C. the shoes had brought him so much trouble D. he went to the rubbish pit62. The dog loved Johnny only because he _ . A. bought food for it B. was its master C. even gave food to it D. loved it too63. The dog took back _ . A. one of the heavy shoes B. neither of the two shoes C. the pair of shoes D. the second shoe in another way64. A strong wind was blowing when _ . A. he made a large fire B. the shoes walked back C. the shoes had been done away with D. the dog found the shoes in the pit65. When Johnny saw the shoes again after the fire, he would be _ . A. very happy B. pleased C. wild with joy D. very sadBMany teenagers(青少年) feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members dont know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for some ideas.It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or a group of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in childrens growing up, because friends can discuss something. These things are difficult to tell their family members.However, parents often try to choose their childrens friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. Have you ever thought of the following questions?Who chooses your friends?Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?Have you got a good friend your parents dont like?Your answers are welcome.71. Many teenagers think that _ can understand them better. A. friends B. brothers C. sisters D. parents72. When teenagers have something difficult to tell their parents, they usually_. A. stay alone at home B. fight with their parents C. discuss it with their friends D. go to their brothers and sisters for help73. The sentence (句子) Your answers are welcome. means _. A. you are welcome to discuss the questions with us B. weve got no idea, so your answers are welcome C. your answers are always right D. you can give us all the right answers74. Which of the following is the writers attitude(态度)? A. Parents should choose friends for their children. B. Children should choose everything they like. C. Parents should understand their children better. D. Teenagers should only go to their friends for help.75. Part of the purpose of this passage is to _