高一英语必修一unit-1-同步讲解.doc

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Unit 1 同步讲解
1.  add  (vt./vi)加，增加，补充说
词性拓展：
additional  (adj) 附加的，另外的； addition (n.) 加，增加
in addition 另外；此外         in addition to 除了……
用法：
（1）add sth. up 把…加起来
（2）add to 增添
（3）add… to … 把…加到…
(4)add up  把…加起来 
(5)add up to 总计；加起来结果是 …
 What he said about the accident and did with it ______ our trouble.
A. added up to  B. added to  C. add up   D. add
add to 增添；不能用被动(B)
You’d better ________ your score and see if you have passed the exam.
A. add up to  B. add to  C. add up   D. add
A 强调加起来的结果；C意为把……加起来（C）

2.       ignore (vt.)不理睬 ；忽视
词性拓展： ignorant  adj.  无知的；不知的         ignorance   n.  无知；愚昧
用法：（1）ignore sb./ sth. 忽视某人/某物
（2）be ignorant of sth
he ________ the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
I was ________ of the fact that the boss could be so strict.
(ignores; ignorant)

3. clam  adj.  平静的；镇静的；沉静的
you should keep clam in time of danger.
区别：silent 不说话，不出声；quite 安静的；宁静的；still 不动的；强调“静止状态”；clam  指人“沉着，镇定”；指自然“无风无浪”。
（1） The old man stood quite _______ , except that his lips moved slightly.
（2）   One man shouted at the boy, “ be _______, boy ! what’s the matter with you?”
（3）  He is _______ about the accident.
（4）  He remained _________ in the face of the cruel enemy.
(1. still 2.quite. 3. silent. 4. calm)

4.concern  vt. 涉及；关系到     n.关心；关注
用法拓展：
(1) be concerned about/for sth.关心挂念……
(2)as far as …be concerned …就…… 而言
The meeting was concerned _________ reforms and everyone present was concerned _______ their own interests.
A. with; for   B. with; with    C. for; about;  D. about; with
(前一句理解为“会议与改革有关”，因此此处应填介词with; 后一句句意为“到会的每一个人都关心自己的利益”，因此空二填介词 about/for 。 A)

5．cheat n. 欺骗;骗子   vt./vi. 欺骗；作弊
用法拓展：
（1） cheat sb. into doing sth..欺骗某人做某事
         （2）cheat sb. (out) of sth. 欺骗某人某物
         （3）cheat sb. into the belief that … 骗某人相信…
(4)    cheat in the exam 考试作弊

6．crazy  adj. 疯狂的；狂热的
用法拓展： 
（1）be crazy about …….对…… 狂热，痴迷
（2）be crazy for sb./sth. =long for 渴望某物或迷恋某人
（3） be crazy with 因……而发疯
He has greatly improved is spoken English by learning Crazy English. And he ________ a chance to go abroad. 
A. is crazy about   B. is crazy for    C. is hoping for   D. hopes about

7．go through 
(1)经历；经受  
（2）仔细阅读或研究；仔细查看 
（3）完成；用光；通过；穿过
 You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.  你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
用法拓展：
see through 看穿；看破    get through 通过；完成；接通电话
         break through 突破  look through 浏览   through and through 从头至尾地

8． hide away 躲藏；隐藏； 把……隐藏起来
He hides my book away somewhere.
他把我的书藏在某个地方了。

9．set down 放下；记下；登记
Why don’t you set your ideas down on paper?
用法拓展：
set down= put down= take down
(1)    set about doing sth.开始做某事
(2)    set off  开始；出发；引爆         set sth. off 使…… 爆炸
(3)    set up 建立；创办
(4)    set sb. a good example 为……树立好榜样
(5)    set fire to 放火烧
(6)    set aside   把 ……放在一边；存储
She ________ the vase on the table and went out.
A. set out   B. set up    C. set down  D. set on
(C. 放下)

10． ★ happen to do sth. 碰巧正在做某事
When I was about to look for him, he happened to come in.
用法拓展：
(1) happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事
（2）happen to have done 碰巧做完了某事
（4） happen to sb. / sth .发生
（5）  It happens that (从句)= 主语+ happen + to do 碰巧…….
（6）  As it happens 碰巧；偶然
It happened that I met him on my way home, yesterday. ( 改为同义句)
=  I happened to meet him on my way home, yesterday.

11. face to face  面对面地
she stood face to face with him.
用法拓展：
hand in hand  手拉手  side by side 肩并肩 = shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
heart to heart 心连心地       back to back 背靠背地    arm in arm  手拉手地

15. in order to / so as to
in order to  和so as to 后接动词原形，用作目的状语时，二者用法一致，但in order to do语气强烈，可放在句首、句中；而 so as to do 语气较弱，只能放在句中，不能放在句首；它们的否定形式把not 放在to 的前面。
注意：in order to 引导目的状语从句时，不定式的逻辑主语同句子主语保持一致。
________ get a better score, she has been studying hard all day.
A. soas to   B. in order to  C. so that  D. in order that 
(B, so that 和in order that 引导从句)

★句型及重难点句详解
1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (Warming up, P1)
= While you were walking the dog, …
省略了walk 的逻辑主语you 和be 动词were, 以避免重复。
While living in England, he picked up some English.
= While he was living in England, ….
When asked about the secret of his success, he said that he owed it to his wife.
= When he was asked about the ….
用法拓展：当连词when, while, before, after等引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和 be动词省去。
While _________ through the park, we saw a fine flower show.
A. walked  B. walking  C. walks   D. being walking
When _________ from the hill, the buses look small.
A. seen    B. seeing   C. see   D. to see
(B; A, see和buses  构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而且是被动关系。)

2. …I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (Reading P2) ……
so… that…如此……以至于…（状语从句）
用法拓展：
（1）so +adj./adv.+ that ;  so +adj. a(n) +n.+ that
    (2) such +adj. +n.(pl.或〖U〗+ that ;   such +a(n) +adj. +n. +that
     (3) so /such … as 如此……(定语从句)
He is such an honest boy that we all like him.=he is so honest a boy that we all like him.
= He is so honest a boy as we all like.
Mary is ________ clever _______ she understands everything.
A. such a ; that   B. such an ; that   C. so ; that  D. so ; as
(C)

6．…it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face ….(Reading P2)这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚….
句式：it / this / that +is(was) +the first /the second /….time that …“某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。注意从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时或过去完成时。Is与has /have 对应；was 与 had done对应。
It is the second time that john has held an art exhibition.
It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
---- Do you know our town at all?
---- No, this is the first time I ________ here.
A. had come   B. am coming   C. came    D. have come
(D)

Period 2
Learning about language
词汇
1．suffer   vt./ vi. 遭受；忍受； 经历
the factory suffered a great loss in the fire.
用法拓展：suffer from 遭受
（1）  suffer from floods遭受水灾
（2）  she often suffers from headaches.她经常头痛。
Be careful or our work will ________.
A. fail  B. suffer   C. fall   D. lose
(B. suffer 在这里做vi.意为“受损失”)
He ________ terribly all through his illness.
A. suffer    B. is suffered   C. suffered    D. suffering
(C, 根据意思“他得病期间遭受了很多痛苦”。时态应用一般过去时，另外当suffer 作“受痛苦，患病”讲时，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。)

句型及重难点句详解
★1．She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. (Learning about language P4)
句中it 做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
用法拓展：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
I found it very interesting to study English.
I think it no use arguing with him.
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
注意：it  用在一些不能带宾语从句的动词后作形式宾语。
I hate it that he often takes my bike without asking me.
I don’t think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this   B. that   C. its   D. it
(D)
I like _____ when the weather is warm and sunshine.
A. it  B. that   C. this   D. one
(A,  有一些动词如：hate / like / enjoy / dislike / appreciate  等词的后面， 不能直接跟宾语从句，而要加上形式宾语it.)

★2. Mum asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. (Learning about language P5)
“with + 宾语 +宾语补足语（OC）”的结构称为with 的复合结构。
这种结构在句中可作定语和状语，表示方式、原因、 条件等。
With +O +adj.
With +O +adv.
With +O + 介词短语
With + O +不定式
With + O + 分词（过去分词 done 或现在分词 doing ）
注意：如果宾补是动词，表示主动和进行的动作，用现在分词doing； 表示主动和将来的动作，用动词不定式to do； 表示被动和完成了的动作，用过去分词done.。
Tom always sleeps with his eyes open. （形容词作OC）
The boy ran out with nothing on. （副词作OC）
Do you know the woman with a child in her arms? （介词短语作OC）
▲With so much work to do, I can’t go with you.（不定式作OC）
▲the room with a candle burning is mine. （现在分词作 OC）
▲they came to a shop with its door closed. （过去分词作OC）
We’ll certainly win great victory, with the Party _________ us.
A. lead   B. to lead   C. to have led    D. led
(B. 考查 with的复合结构。“有党领导着我们”， 表主动和将来，用不定式作宾补。
He wore a shirt with the neck ________, ________ his bare chest.
A. opened; showing    B. opening; showed    
C. open;  showing    D. open; showed
(C, 空一open 为形容词作宾补；空二show后面带着宾语，因此用现在分词作伴随状语)

Period 3
Using language
词汇
1．advice   n.  忠告；建议
 can you give us some advice on how to learn English?
用法拓展：
（1）a piece of advice 一条建议 ； some advice 一些建议
提醒：advice 为不可数名词，其前可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of 等修饰，如表示“一条建议”或“几条建议”不能说成 an advice / several advices而应说成a piece of advice; several pieces of advice.
（2）give sb. some advice on ( how to do) sth.给某人提关于……建议
（3） ask sb. for advice 征求某人的意见
（4） take/ follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议
（5） advise doing sth.// advise sb. to do sth. // ▲advise (sb.) that （should do） 建议做某事/建议某人做某事/建议（某人）
（6） advise sb. against doing  建议某人不要做某事
Father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice   B. advice   C. advices   D. some advices

2.   communicate vi. 交际；沟通； 传达 （感情、信息等）
I’m not very good at communicating with people.
用法拓展：
communication  n. 交际
communicate with sb. 与某人交际，交流  
communicate sth. to sb. 将某事通知某人

3．habit n.习惯；习性
It is a good habit for you to keep a diary.
用法拓展：
（1）be in / fall into / get into / form the habit of doing sth.有/养成……习惯
（2）get out of / get rid of / kick /break away the habit of doing sth.戒掉……习惯

短语
1．Get along /on well with sb./ sth.与……相处很好
Our English teacher gets along well our students.
2. fall in love with sb. 爱上某人（表动作）；
be in love with sb.与某人相爱（表状态）可与一段时间连用。
▲3. pay attention to (doing ) sth. 注意某事
You should pay attention to your pronunciation.
用法拓展：
此短语to 为介词，后面跟名词v.-ing形式。
类似的还有：look forward to ( 盼望)； lead to (导致，通向) ；  stick to (坚持)；belong to (属于)； object to ( 反对) ； get down to （开始，着手）；devote to (献身于， 致力于)

词语辨析
1．join / join (sb.) in / take part in / attend
join参加某个组织，使其成为其中的一员。一般跟army, the league, the party, club, sb.作宾语；
join (sb.) in sth. 参加活动；
take part in 参加某个活动，并在其中起积极的作用，一般等于join in;
attend 参加某个活动，但不在其中起作用，担任角色，后面跟meeting, wedding, lecture, class school等作宾语。
填空
（1） We are glad to _______ all the activities.
（2） Mike _____ Lily’s wedding.
（3） Will you please ________ us ________ the discussion?
（4） He ________ the army three years ago.
(join in /take part in;   attended 参加会议，婚礼等；join in ,join sb. in 和某人一起于……; joined 参军、入团、入党、加入俱乐部或某个人)

句型及重难点句详解
1. I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.(using language. P6)
词组：have some / a lot of trouble with sb./ sth.意思为“同某人闹意见/矛盾；做 …….有困难。”
trouble 在这里是不可数名词。
Do you have any trouble with your English study?
用法拓展：
（1）be in trouble处于困境中
（2）get (sb.) into trouble 陷入困境
（3）have trouble in sth. / in doing sth.在……./ 在做某事方面有困难
-可编辑-