21世纪大学英语翻译.doc

Unit 1
一、 汉译英
1) 你知道约翰这次失败的原因吗？他在中学里几乎全优。(lead to, failure, excel in)
Do you know what has led to John’s failure this time? He excelled in almost everything in high school.
2) 不要把今天应该做的的事情推迟到明天。如果你落后就很难赶上了。(put off, what, fall behind, catch up)
Don’t put off till tomorrow what you should do today. If you fall behind, it will be difficult for you to catch up.
3) 他总是用新方法来解决问题，所以他在工作中取得了很大的成功。(achieve, success, attack)
He achieves great success in his work because he always finds new ways to attack problems.
4) 不要对这个孩子太严格。你应该让他有些玩耍的时间来减轻压力。(be hard on, allow, fun time, reduce, stress)
Don’t be too hard on the child. You should allow him to have some fun time to reduce stress.
5) 我们都期待史密斯教授给我们的大学学习一些有益的指导。(expect, helpful tips)
We all expect Prof. Smith to give us some helpful tips on college study.
6) 贝蒂面带紧张的神色，好像害怕向别人做自我介绍似的。(look, nervous, as if, introduce)
Betty looked nervous as if she were afraid to introduce herself to others.
7) 你已经上大学了，应该学会独立自主。(now that, learn, independent)
Now that you are in college, you should learn to be independent.
8) 我过去很喜欢和同学们一起玩，但是今天竟无法跟他们联系上了。(used to, enjoy, have fun, even, keep in touch with)
I used to enjoy having fun with my classmates, but I can’t even keep in touch with them today.
二、 英译汉
1) Use what your college has to offer, such as its library; usually it’s more helpful than regular public libraries. (B1U1A)
利用好你学校能提供的一切，比如学校的图书馆。学校图书馆通常比普通公共图书馆更有帮助。
2) Regular exercise helps keep your weight down.
经常锻炼有助于你减肥。
3) She was a regular customer in the shop.
她是这家商店的常客。
4) They may see new ways to attack problems. (B1U1A)
他们也许会发现解决问题的新方法。
5) He attacked the decision as foolish.
他抨击那项决定是愚蠢的。
6) Army forces have been attacking the town since dawn.
军队从黎明起就一直在进攻那个城镇。
Unit 2
一、 汉译英
1) 新来的老师尽管年轻，通过努力的工作已经赢得了学生们的尊重。(earn, despite, respect)
Despite his young age, through hard work the new teacher has earned the respect of his students.
2) 刘翔很可能在110米跨栏决赛中（in the 110-meter hurdles final）再次与罗伯斯角逐金牌。(compete with, once again)
Probably Liu Xiang will once again compete with Roberts for the gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles final.
3) 令我吃惊的是，威尔玛获得了100米比赛的第一名。小时候，她患重病，连正常走路都有困难。(have trouble doing sth., suffer from, to one’s surprise, come in first…)
To my surprise, Wilma came in first in the 100-meter dash. She suffered from a serious illness in her childhood and had trouble even walking normally.
4) 教练鼓励队员们竭尽全力，击败洛杉矶湖人队(the Los Angeles Lakers)，当今NBA最强的一支球队。(beat, of the day, encourage)
The coach encouraged the players to do their best to beat the Los Angeles Lakers, the best NBA basketball team of the day.
5) 小女孩掉进河里，所幸被一个陌生人救起。从那时起，她就开始学习游泳了。(from then on, fortunate)
The little girl fell into the river and was fortunate to have been saved by a stranger. From then on, she began to learn how to swim.
6) 杰克说他将在年底前辞职，因为他觉得这份工作不值得他花费那么多时间和精力(energy)。(worth, quit)
Jack said he will quit his job by the end of the year, as he finds it not worth so much of his time and energy.
7) 那个小男孩有非凡的记忆力(memory)，能记住300多首唐诗。对于同龄的孩子们来说，那几乎是不可能的事。(unusual, memorize, impossible)
The little boy has an unusual memory. He has memorized over 300 Tang poems, an almost impossible task for children of his age.
8) 张先生尽管年事已高，医学检查表明他的身体健康无比。他还打算下周参加长跑比赛，与年轻人一决高低。(medical, despite, perfect, compete with)
Medical tests show that Mr. Zhang, despite his old age, is in perfect physical condition. He is about to compete with young runners in a long-distance race next week.
二、 英译汉
1) Remember that school is important, as is the knowledge you take away from it. (B1U1A)
记住，学校教育很重要，你从其中获得的知识也一样重要。
2. Don’t be so hard on yourself and try to learn from mistakes and move on. (B1U1A)
对自己不要太苛刻，要努力从错误中吸取教训，并继续前进。
3. A different ball game. College is such a change from high school. (B1U1A)
（大学是）全新的情况。大学与高中迥然不同。
4. Then this girl got the idea, the incredible idea, that she would like to be the world’s greatest woman runner. (B1U2A)
接着，这个女孩便突发奇想，一个不可思议的奇想，要成为世界上跑得最快的女子。
5) Tina usually broke the ice with people she met with a big “Hi.” (B1U2B)
遇见别人，蒂娜通常大声打个招呼，使气氛活跃起来。
6. When I was in school and a teacher assigned a ten-point homework assignment, I would probably have blown it off myself. (B1U2B)
我当年上学时老师布置一份只有10分的家庭作业，我自己很可能也不会把它当回事。
Uuit 3
一、 汉译英
1) 我们一大早就出发了，这样到达目的地就不会太晚。我们晚上7点前就到达了。(set out, destination, make it)
We set out very early in the morning so we could arrive at our destination not too late. We made it before 7 p.m.
2) 那时，村民们没有钱，只能用鸡蛋去换取对他们有价值的东西。(trade for, valuable)
At that time, the villagers had no money and had to trade their eggs for what was valuable to them.
3) 那个夏天中午的高温不但把我们野餐的食物弄坏了，而且还让我们几个人生病了。(not only, but also, spoil, fall ill)
The heat of that summer noon not only spoiled our picnic food but also made some of us fall ill.
4) 特纳在为水手寻找食物的途中看到河的对岸有几只鸭子在跑。(on one’s way, look for, on the other side)
On his way to look for food for his sailors, Turner saw some ducks walking on the other side of the river.
5) 虽然没有人能想象我们10年后的日子会是什么样，但我和人们交流肯定会更容易。(imagine, be like, communicate with)
Although no one can imagine what our life will be like in ten years, we will certainly be able to communicate with people more easily.
6) 这条高速公路(superhighway)把我们的城市和杭州连接起来，极大地缩减了两个城市之间的距离。(connect… with, shorten)
This superhighway connects our city with Hangzhou, greatly shortening the distance between the two cities.
7) 老妇人一看到儿子就哭了。他为一个远方城市的一家工厂工作了3年，没有拿到任何报酬。(weep at the sight, distant)
The old woman wept at the sight of her son, who had worked in a distant city factory for three years without any pay.
8) 黑暗中，如果我不说话没有人能认出我来。所以，你如何证明那天晚上我在那里呢？(in the dark, recognize, prove)
In the dark, no one could recognize who I was if I didn’t speak. So how can you prove that I was there that night?
二、 英译汉
1)But he wasn’t even sure the passage existed. (B1U3A)
但他甚至也不能确定这条航道是否存在。
2) He was a good observer and quickly learned several languages. (B1U3B)
他很善于观察，很快就学会了好几种语言。
3) I have been a teacher of mathematics for over ten years.
我教授数学已十多年了
4) She is a great lover of horses and horse racing.
她非常喜欢马，酷爱赛马运动。
5) Are you for or against my proposal?
你支持还是反对我的建议？
6) She had a beautiful smile.
她笑得很美。
Unit 4
一、 汉译英
1) 网络出了问题，技师正在请一位技术工程师帮忙 (network, technician, technical, engineer)
The network has gone down. The technician is asking an expert technical engineer for help.
2) 大学生既然是成年人了，老师就不会再要求他们在上课时坐直身体、背诵课文或者不要聊天。(adult, sit up straight, recite, chat)
As college students are adults, so teachers no longer ask them to sit up straight, recite texts or not to chat in class.
3) 为了发展国际化服务，公司需要把原来的中文产品目录(catalogue) 翻译成各种外文。(international, service, company, translate, original, various)
In order to develop its international service, the company needs to translate its original Chinese catalogue into various foreign languages.
4) 外国客人拥抱了那位一年级小学生；孩子先是有点窘，接着就咯咯笑起来。 (hug, grader, embarrass, giggle)
The foreign visitor hugged that first grader. The child was at first embarrassed, and then started to giggle.
5) 虽然他尽量保持沉默，但是很遗憾，他那典型的叹气把他的失望表露无遗。 (silence, regretfully, typical, sigh, disappointment)
Although he tried to keep silence, regretfully his typical sigh revealed his disappointment.
6) 图书管理员的工作还包括帮助读者查找信息，所以具备与人沟通的能力对他或她十分重要。 (librarian, include, therefore, ability, vital)
The job of a librarian also includes helping readers to find information; therefore, the ability to communicate with people is vital for him or her.
7) 她不能确定毕业后是否在娱乐业发展，这行业看上去既刺激又可怕。 (unsure, career, entertainment, graduation, exciting, scary)
She’s unsure whether to start her career in entertainment after graduation since it seems both exciting and scary.
二、 英译汉
1) And they’d said she would never walk again. (B1U2A)
而他们过去却说她将永远也不能再行走了。
2) I was horrified and wanted to say, “Tina, I was just kidding!” (B1U2B)
我大为震惊，真想说一声：“蒂娜，我只是开玩笑啊!”
3) Tina took her time forming the words and said, “Because I want to be like you guys — normal.” (B1U2B)
蒂娜不慌不忙地把每个词的音清晰地发出来说：“因为我想像你们各位一样——做个正常的学生。”
4) For the safety of his men, Magellan decided to stop the search until spring. (B1U3A)
为了水手们的安全，麦哲伦决定停止寻找，到来年春天再寻找。
5) And without another word, he turned back toward the town.
然后一句话没说他就转身回城了。
6) It’s okay to be nervous when first stepping on campus; everyone usually is. (B1U1A)
初进校园感到紧张没有关系，通常人人都会紧张。
Unit 5
一、 汉译英
1) 如果想用植物代替沥青覆盖屋顶，你必须确保屋顶有足够的强度。(instead of, make sure)
If you want your roof covered with plants instead of asphalt, you have to make sure that your roof is strong enough.
2) 由于房子结构坚固，昨夜的风没有把它刮走。(thanks to, tough, blow away)
Thanks to the tough structure of the house, the wind didn’t blow it away last night.
3) 夏天里沥青马路吸收太阳热量，可以热到华氏190度。(absorb, as hot as)
In summer, the asphalt road absorbs heat from the sun and can get as hot as 190 degrees Fahrenheit.
4) 你一旦知道如何解决这类问题，其实很简单。(once, solve, actually)
Once you know how to solve this kind of problem, it is actually quite easy.
5) 虽然我想度假，到一个美丽的地方松弛一下，但太多的工作使我无法脱身。(relax, keep… from)
Though I want to have a holiday and relax in a beautiful place, too much work has kept me from leaving.
6) 想到即将出现的所有问题，汤姆决定先着手解决相对容易的问题。(think about, on the horizon, deal with, relatively)
Tom thought about all the problems on the horizon and decided to deal with the relatively easy ones first.
7) 一项建造一所医院为瘫痪病人提供特殊照顾的计划正在进行当中。(under way, provide … with, special)
A plan is under way for building a hospital that will provide paralyzed people with special care.
8) 研究显示，在过去的1,000年中，这一地区的海平面已经上升了1.6米。(as much as)
Studies have shown that the sea level in this area has risen by as much as 1.6 meters in the past 1,000 years.
二、 英译汉
1) When you finish something, cross it off your list. (B1U2A)
（当你）做完某件事情，就把它从清单上划掉。
2) Don’t miss your class. (B1U1A)
不要缺（你的）课。
3) When she was four years old, she had double pneumonia and scarlet fever…(B1U2A)
（在）她4岁时，（她）得了双侧肺炎和猩红热。
4) The little girl shook her head. (B1U4B)
小女孩摇了摇（她的）头。
5) Windmills have been used as a power source in the Netherlands for hundreds of years. (B1U5B)
风车在荷兰用作（一种）能源已有几百年的历史。
6) On April 26, 1986, another accident happened.
（在）1986年4月26日，又发生了一起事故。
Unit6
一、汉译英
1) 这个地区去年以来树木死亡的数量已增至三倍。这与污染有关系吗？(triple, area, pollution)
The number of trees dying has tripled in this area since last year. Is there a connection with pollution?
2) 如果你想减肥，你应该注意饮食。汉堡包只是一种快餐，但是它含有许多热量。(lose weight, careful about, snack, calorie)
f you want to lose weight you should be careful about your diet. Although it’s only a quick snack, a hamburger contains a lot of calories.

3) 这种疾病现在正在蔓延，5岁以下所有儿童特别有危险。(spread, at risk)
The disease is spreading now, and all children under five are at particular risk.
4) 我们吃的食物中有些不那么有益于健康，因此，为了健康与幸福我们需要注意饮食。(less, pay attention to)
Some of the foods that we eat are less healthy so we need to pay attention to our diet to be healthy and happy.
5) 这家食品制造公司已意识到，他们可以通过生产更多更有益于健康的食物来大幅增加利润。(realize, maximize, healthier foods )
This food-making company has realized that they can maximize profits by producing more healthier foods.
6) 我想知道你可否告诉我为什么雨量影响作物的生长。(wonder if, growth, crops)
I wonder if you could tell me why the amount of rain affects the growth of crops.
7) 你会惊奇地发现，你的同事有你在那儿鼓励他们时，他们的自我感觉会好得多。(how much better, colleague, feel about oneself, lift sb.’s spirits)
You’ll be surprised at how much better your colleagues will feel about themselves when you are there to lift their spirits.
8) 他已认识到过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。(wake up to, the fact that, lead to)
He has woken up to the fact that too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
二、英译汉
1) Before I could say a word, she threw her walker to the side, fell to the floor and started doing push-ups. (B1U2B)
我还没来得及说话，她已经把助行架扔到旁边，趴到地板上开始做起了俯卧撑。
2) The weather is staying dry.
天老不下雨。(或：天气一直很干燥。)
3) These worries kept her from sleeping properly.
这些烦恼使她睡不好觉。
4）I cannot comment further until I have got all the information
我要等到掌握全部信息之后才能作进一步的评论。
5) You can never be too careful these days.
这些天你得非常(非常)小心。
6) I wouldn’t mind a cold drink if you’ve got one.
如果你有冷饮的话，我倒想喝一杯。

3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。
B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。√
C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。Ｘ
C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错
C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。√
C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。×
C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。×
C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。×
C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。√
C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X
D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本
中。×
D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。×
F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。√
F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。Ｘ
F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。(√)
G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错
G工资费用就是成本项目。(×)
G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对
J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。(√)
J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。(×)
J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对
J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。√
J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，X
K可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错
K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。Ｘ
P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。×
Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Ｘ
Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。Ｘ
S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。Ｘ
S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。(×)
W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对
Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对
Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。X
Y以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。X
Y原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Ｘ
Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。(×)
Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对
Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。X
Z逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。√

A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。
A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)