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新视野三阅读题
Futurist Ian Pearson sees a convergence (会聚点) between clever computers and biotechnology,
the coming of implanted chips and enhanced mental ability. Both machines and humans will have
access to a global net with instant access to the world's knowledge. But Pearson also fears that it
could divide the world into two classes--those with access to this knowledge and those without.
Clearly, there is a risk in losing control of things which are capable of thinking. Pearson expects
machines to be as smart as humans by 2015. After that, computers will continue to get even
smarter.
The trouble with the digital revolution, says MIT Media Lab director Neil Gershenfeld in his book
When Things Start to Think, is that computers may have speeded up many of the processes of
modern life, but they still remain relatively difficult to use. "Most computers are nearly blind, deaf
and dumb," says Gershenfeld. The speed of the computer is increasingly much less of a concern
than:
1. the difficulty in telling it what you want it to do, or
2. in understanding what it has done, or
3. in using it where you want to go, rather than where it can go.
What's needed now, he concludes, is digital evolution. The real challenge is how to create systems
with many parts that can work together and change, combining the physical world with the digital
world.
If we can manage the development so that they (thinking machines) stay our friends, in just a
few years we'll see progress in every area of life that makes the past centuries look like all of us
have been asleep.
"Evolution is a result of interaction," says Gershenfeld. "And information technology is greatly
changing how we interact. Therefore it's not crazy to think about the influence of this on
evolution.
18. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) The image of things will be different in the future.
B) Computers will become smarter and smarter.
C) The speed of computers is much less of a concern.
D) Computers will divide the world into two classes.
19. ________are the two classes into which the world will be divided, according to Pearson.
A) Those who can use computers to learn knowledge and those who can't
B) Those who have computers to sell and those who haven't
C) Those who study computers in their spare time and those who don't
D) Those who are smarter than computers and those who aren't
20. ________ is needed now, according to Neil Gershenfeld.
A) Greater speed of computer development and the process of life
B) Teaching computers so that they're able to speak, listen and see
C) Teaching computers to communicate and be friends with man
D) A digital evolution that combines the physical world and the digital one
21. What does the sentence "in just a few years we'll see progress in every area of life that makes
the past centuries look like we've all been asleep" suggest?
A) We have been sleeping for thousands of years according to computers.
B) The digital evolution has progressed very slowly during the last few years.
C) Comparatively speaking, progress of the past centuries was really very slow.
D) We can work for a few years to make progress in the digital evolution possible.
22. What leads to evolution according to the passage?
A) Interaction. B) Revolution. C) Information. D) Computers.
Roger Sperry and Robert Ornstein of the California Institute of Technology won a Nobel Prize in
1972. They discovered that the human brain has two sides, and each side has different work to do. The left side of the brain controls language and number; it analyses and reasons. The fight side controls our imagination; it controls our understanding of music and our sense of rhythm. It is the fight side of our brain which daydreams.
Great artists and great scientists are similar: they both use the two sides of their brain. It is
well-known that Albert Einstein, a great scientist, spent time enjoying art, playing the violin and sailing. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination rather than from analysis, reason and language. He said that written and spoken words were not important in his thinking. He got ideas by using his imagination. Following this, he used the left side of brain to use analysis, number and reason and then he used language to explain it.
Usual education in schools encourages us to use the left side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. However, we are encouraged to hop when we have two perfectly good legs! Then why don’t we give more value to visual thinking?
In fact, all of us need both sides of our brain. We need to use our imagination to think of
solutions to problems and to enjoy feeling and creative experiences. And we need to be logical and to be able to analyze and organize in order to live on this world.
It is true that some people find it easier to use one side of the brain rather than the other, but all of us can use both sides and all of us benefit by using all the powers we have. Nietzsche, the
well-known philosopher, said that we add to our knowledge by making conscious the unconscious. 11. According to the passage, a great composer composes music by using of his brain.
A. the right side B. the left side C. both sides D. neither side
12. Albert Einstein’s example is used to support the idea that ___________
A. all scientific discoveries are based on imagination
B. people should do nothing but daydream
C. using two sides of the brain is important
D. scientists are good at imagining what may happen
13. It is implied in the passage that regular education___________
A. should be praised because it suggests using both sides of the brain
B. finds it very important to have daydreams
C. claims that analysis and reason are of no value
D. fails to develop the right side of the brain
14. What did Nietzsche say about adding to the knowledge we have?
A. Learning happens when we are not conscious.
B. Learning happens when we make unconscious decisions.
C. Learning happens when we become aware of things inside us.
D. Learning happens when we think about things logically.
15. The author’s attitude toward using two sides of the brain is ___________
A. positive B. negative C. not logical D. critical
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