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(每日一练)(精选试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters解题技巧总结
单选题
1、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
2、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
3、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
4、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
5、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion ______ they close for holidays like Christmas.
A.in caseB.as ifC.in thatD.even though
答案:D
考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that因为; D.even though即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项D符合题意,故选D。
6、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
7、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
8、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
9、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
10、The bird flu ________through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, ________16 persons.
A.sweeps; killedB.swept; killingC.sweeping; to killD.sweeping; killing
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少20次,造成16人死亡。A.sweeps; killed 席卷;杀死;B.swept; killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping; to kill席卷;杀死;D.sweeping; killing席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除A选项(sweeps是第三人称单数);第一空处The bird flu和sweep之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选D。
11、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
12、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
13、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
14、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
15、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
16、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
17、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
18、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
19、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
20、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
21、We study in a classroom ______ windows face to the south.
A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句,先行词为a classroom,关系词在从句中充当定语成分,表示the classroom's,应用whose。故选A项。
22、Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.不填
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了,他说:“斯科特上尉留下了一份记录,记录了他的诚实、真诚、勇敢,造就了一个人的一切。分析句子,定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词且不可省略。故可排除D项。再根据先行词指物可排除C项。本题定语从句的先行词为复合不定代词everything故引导词只能为that不用which。综合分析,故选A 项。
23、As is often suggested, we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means of ______.
A.forceB.strengthC.powerD.energy
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如人们经常建议的那样,我们应该尝试用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。A. force武力;B. strength力量,优势;C. power权力;D. energy精力。根据“ in a peaceful way”和“rather than”可知,此处表示用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。故选A。
24、The girl ______ injured in the accident came back safe and sound.
A.who we supposedB.whom we supposed she was
C.who we supposed wasD.whom we suppose
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我们认为在事故中受伤的那个女孩安全归来了。分析句子结构可知,本句为定语从句,we supposed为插入语,句中先行词为The girl,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导,且与injure之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
25、I will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.why
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是days,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故选B。
26、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
27、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
28、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
29、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
30、It’s such a difficult problem _______ nobody can work out.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.so that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:这是一个没人可以算出来的困难问题。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词为problem,被such修饰,且在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词as,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:problem
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词problem在从句_______ nobody can work out.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词被such修饰,关系代词只能用as
故选A项。
完成句子
31、他在事故中幸免于难。
He was lucky enough to________.
答案:survive the accident
考查动词原形。根据句子结构,此处考查固定搭配“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”,根据句意和汉语提示,设空处缺“在事故中免于难”,可表达为动词短语survive the accident,survive为及物动词,此处用动词原形。故填survive the accident。
32、She talks about Hong Kong as if she ______ ______ there before.
她谈起香港来就好像她以前去过似的。
答案: had been
考查as if引导的虚拟语气。be there意为“去那里;在那里”,分析句子结构及句意及before可知此处as if 引导的方式状语从句是对过去事实的虚拟,应用过去完成时。故填had been。
33、________ ________ are interested in art are welcome to join us.
欢迎那些对艺术感兴趣的人加入我们。
答案: Those who
考查定语从句。观察句子可知,限制性定语从句,先行词表示“人们”,用those,指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导。故填:①Those;②who。
34、Even if he __________________, he never gave in.
即使遭遇许多困难,他从不屈服。
答案:suffered from a lot of difficulties
考查一般过去时、固定短语和名词。根据句意,空处意为“遭遇许多困难”,由于主句谓语gave up为一般过去时,从句谓语“遭受”也应用一般过去时,为suffered from;“许多困难”为 a lot of difficulties。故填suffered from a lot of difficulties。
35、The earthquake ____________ shocked the people all over the world.
发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
答案:that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976
考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知,该空作定语,修饰the earthquake。先行词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。表示“发生”应用不及物动词happen。且根据1976年可知,该从句应用一般过去时态。故填that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976。
36、她是通过考试的女孩之一。
She is one of the girls _____________.
答案:who have passed the exam.
考查时态和定语从句。此处可用定语从句,由句意“通过考试的女孩之一”可知,说明过去发生的事对现在产生的影响,从句时态现在完成时;先行词是the girls(复数),指人,在从句中作主语,关系代词用who,且此处who指代girls是复数,从句谓语have passed,从句宾语the exam。故翻译为:who have passed the exam。
37、这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱,并尊重那些做此工作的人。
This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and __________________.
答案:respect those who did the work
考查定语从句。动词respect为及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。句中先行词为those,指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。根据主句时态可知,用一般过去时。根据句意,故填respect those who did the work。
38、尽管遭受了洪灾,但他决不屈服。
Even though he________ ________ ________, he would never give in.
答案: suffered from flood
考查时态和名词。结合句意表示“遭受”可知短语为suffer from,结合后文would可知用一般过去时,后跟名词flood作宾语。故填suffered from flood。
39、为了应对未来的问题,我们应该养成良好的工作习惯,提高生活技能。(定语从句)
________ , we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.
答案:To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future
考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。表示“应对”,可用动词短语cope with。表示“问题”,可用名词problem。根据要求用定语从句来修饰“问题”。“未来的问题”实际上就是指“未来我们遇到的问题”。在该从句中,应该用we作主语。表示“遇到”,可用meet with。先行词problems作meet的宾语,应该用关系代词which/that引导从句,且关系代词还可省略。表示“未来”,可用in the future。因此,从句可翻译为:that we may meet with in the future。“为了应对未来的问题”表目的,应该用动词不定式表示。故填To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future。
40、新中国建立前,这个老人遭受了很多苦难。
The old man ________ a lot before New China was founded.
答案:had suffered
考查动词时态。根据中英文提示,空处缺少谓语suffer“遭受”,根据时间状语从句“before New China was founded”使用了一般过去时可知,主句的动作发生在从句之前,表示“过去的过去”发生的动作,用过去完成时,故填had suffered。
语法填空
41、I was shocked ______(hear) that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to hear
考查不定式。句意:听说科比和他的女儿在那次可怕的空难中丧生,我很震惊。根据“be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊”用法可知,该空应填不定式to hear做原因状语。故填to hear。
42、People were ________ to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The ________ news ________ all the people around, which was also a ________ to her father who was working abroad.(shock) (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: shocked shocking shocked shock
考查过去分词、形容词、动词时态和名词。句意:得知小女孩在事故中丧生,人们都很震惊。这个令人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人,也震惊了她在国外工作的父亲。根据句意和结构,可知第一空是一般过去时的被动语态,were后加过去分词shocked。第二空修饰指物的名词news,用-ing结尾的形容词shocking。第三空在句中作谓语,用动词过去式shocked。第四空作表语,由a修饰用名词单数shock。故填shocked,shocking,shocked,shock。
43、Workers built shelters for survivors______________ homes had been destroyed. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句的关系词。句意:工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,survivors是先行词,在定语从句中与homes二者是所属关系,即幸存者的房屋,定语从句中表示“人的/物的”要用“whose”。故填whose。
44、It’s great that all the visitors who ________ (trap) on the island were saved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had been trapped
考查谓语动词。句意:岛上所有的游客都得救了,真是太好了。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查who引导的定语从句的谓语动词,动词trap发生在were saved之前,表示过去的过去发生的动作,所以用过去完成时,句子主语who(指先行词visitors)和动词trap是被动关系,所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。
45、His bad conduct had an effect ________ his reputation. (用适当的词填空)
答案:on
考查介词。句意:他的不良行为影响了他的声誉。have an effect on“对……有影响”是固定短语。介词on表示“关于”。故填on。
46、The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture are very lovely. (按要求补全句子)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:照片里的男孩和狗都很可爱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The boy and the dog,先行词在从句
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