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河南省高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters典型例题
1
单选题
1、That is the famous university _____my friend and I visited last summer vacation.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是the famous university,指物,在从句中做宾语,因先行词在主句中作表语,只能用关系代词that。故选C项。
2、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
3、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
4、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
5、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
6、The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A.which; whereB.when; when
C.which; whenD.when; that
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是year,指物,从句中的spent 缺少宾语,应用关系代词which/that引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句需要时间状语,应用when引导。综上,故选C。
小提示:
7、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
8、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
9、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
10、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
11、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
12、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
13、Sophia Scott started a free tutoring service to help anyone ________ had difficulty catching up.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:索菲亚·斯科特开始了一项免费辅导服务,帮助赶上有困难的人。句中先行词为anyone,指人,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。
14、Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A.depletingB.enrichingC.conservingD.supplying
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗; B. enriching丰富; C. conserving保存; D. supplying提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选A。
15、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
16、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
17、People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.
A.WhoB.whichC.whomD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:有兴趣探索艺术与科学之间关系的人将参观新加坡艺术科学博物馆。分析句子可知,people为先行词,作定语从句interest的定语,关系代词为whose。故选D项。
18、Public schools in the United States have to be neutral about religion ______ they close for holidays like Christmas.
A.in caseB.as ifC.in thatD.even though
答案:D
考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that因为; D.even though即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项D符合题意,故选D。
19、We packed all the books in the boxes________they wouldn't get damaged.
A.as long asB.as ifC.in caseD.so that
答案:D
考查连词辨析。句意:我们把所有的书都打包放进箱子里,以便它们不被损坏。A. as long as只要;B. as if好像;C. in case以防,万一;D. so that以便。根据句意可知,设空处后的句意是前面句子的目的,因此“so that”符合句意。故选D。
小提示:
20、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
语法填空
21、She made a good suggestion ________ would be of benefit to the classmates, so we adopted it. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:她提出了一个对同学有益的好建议,所以我们采纳了。句中先行词为suggestion,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词that或which引导。根据句意,故填that/which。
22、We chose to buy the house ________window faces south. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:我们决定买那座窗户朝南的房子。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是the house,关系词与window是所属关系,在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whose。根据句意,故填whose。
23、He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap ________.(用适当的词填空)
答案:away
考查固定短语。句意:他无助地看着海浪把他的帽子卷走。句中sweep sth away为固定短语,意为“把……卷走”。故填away。
24、Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究显示,每天仅跑步5到10分钟就可以降低各种原因导致心脏病和早期死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,指物,且定语从句缺少主语。故填关系代词that/ which。
25、. (2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词为species,且先行词被all修饰,从句缺少主语,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
26、Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney ________ (sweep) aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:swept
考查时态。句意:悉尼市的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我,在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中,悉尼把过去的很多东西都抛在了一边,包括许多最漂亮的建筑。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,根据主句谓语动词told的时态可知,空处也应用一般过去时。故填swept。
27、When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:shocked
考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed形容词,修饰形容物用-ing形容词,此处用-ed形容词shocked说明主语人I的状态,作表语。故填shocked。
28、The soldiers were sent to the earthquake stricken area immediately to save the people ________ (trap) in the ruins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:trapped
考查非谓语动词。句意:士兵们立即被派往地震灾区,营救被困在废墟中的人们。句中谓语动词为were sent,所以此处的动词trap要以非谓语的形式出现。动词trap和其逻辑主语the people之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词trapped作后置定语,修饰the people。故填trapped。
29、One of the most important buildings in this___________(ruin) city is a public bath. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:ruined
考查非谓语动词。句意:这座严重受损的城市中最重要的建筑之一是公共浴池。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入定语修饰city“城市”。ruin意为“毁坏,破坏”,该句中的city与ruin之间为逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词ruined的形式来作定语,也可将ruined用作形容词,意为“荒废的,严重受损的”。故填ruined。
30、—Do you have any plans for the summer break?
—Not really. I think I am just staying at home ________ (read) some books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:reading
考查非谓语动词。句意:——你这个暑假有什么计划吗?——真的没有。我想我只会是待在家里,看一些书。分析句子可知,“ I am just staying at home ① (read) some books. ”为宾语从句,“think”为主句的谓语;在宾语从句中,stay为谓语,所以 read some books 在句中做状语,要使用非谓语动词,I和read是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填reading。
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